Cell Cycle, Chromosomes, Mitosis & Meiosis – Test Study Guide



Mitosis & Meiosis – Test Study Guide

Cell Cycle

1. From where do new cells arise?

2. Why does the body constantly make new cells?

3. Why must each new cell get a complete copy of the original cell’s DNA?

4. Copying DNA is known as .

5. The original cell that divides is called the _____cell, while the two, new identical cells are called _______cells.

Chromosomes

6. How many chromosomes are in a human body cell?

7. What makes up each chromosome?

8. Uncoiled chromosomes are called _________.

9. What are duplicated (doubled) chromosomes called?

10. What holds chromatids together?

11. Sketch & label all parts of sister chromatids.

12. Where are autosomes found on a pairs?

13. Where are sex chromosomes found on a pair?

14. What is the genotype for males? For females?

15. The presence of which chromosome determines the sex of the child?

Cell Reproduction

16. What is asexual reproduction? 22. What is sexual reproduction and give an example?

17. Which process produces identical new cells --- mitosis, meiosis, or both?

Cell Cycle

18. Name the 5 phases of the cell cycle.

19. What is the longest phase of the cell cycle? the shortest phase?

20. Which phase has 3 stages & name them?

21. Which phase has 4 stages & name them?

22. How do the new copies of DNA compare to the original DNA?

23. Can the nucleus and nucleolus be seen during interphase?

Mitosis

24. What part of a cell actually divides during mitosis?

25. In which type of cell does mitosis occur --- prokaryote or eukaryote? Explain why.

26. Name, in order, the four stages of mitosis.

27. What happens to the nucleus & nucleolus during prophase?

28. What finishes forming by the end of Late Prophase?

29. Where are the poles of a cell? the equator of a cell?

30. What happens to chromosomes during metaphase?

31. During metaphase, where do chromosomes line up & what MOVES them there

32. What happens to sister chromatids during anaphase?

33. What pulls sister chromatids apart during anaphase

34. Where are chromatids located during telophase?

35. What reforms around each set of sister chromatids during telophase?

36. What organelle reappears inside the nucleus?

37. During telophase as the chromosomes uncoil, they reappear as ___________.

38. What process or phase follows telophase?

39. What divides during cytokinesis?

40. Explain how cytokinesis occurs in plants

41. Explain how cytokinesis occurs in animals.

42. How does the chromosome number of the parent cell compare to that of the 2 daughter cells? How do the 3 cells compare in size?

43. If the parent cell has a chromosome number of 2n = 6, what will be the chromosome number of the daughter cells?

44. Label these mitosis diagrams.

[pic]

45. Label these stages.

46. Eukaryotic cell division is used for ______ and _______ division of cells.

47. Parent cells before division are diploid or ______ chromosome number. What will be the chromosome number of the two new cells?

48. Name these actual stages of cell division.

[pic]

TEST YOURSELF ON MITOSIS

50. Locate the four mitotic stages.

51. Eukaryotic cells before and after mitosis are _________ or 2n.

52. What happens if mitosis is NOT controlled?

Meiosis

53. Do chromosomes replicate or double before meiosis?

54. How many divisions occur in meiosis? Is this the same as mitosis? Explain.

55. The original cell that divides by meiosis is _________ or 2n.

56. How many daughter cells can be produced by meiosis? Is this the same as mitosis? Explain.

57. What is the chromosome number of the daughter cells produced by meiosis? How does this compare to the number of chromosomes in the original cell77. What are the daughter cells called that are produced by meiosis? Name them.

58. Name the 2 types of meiosis.

59. In humans, how many chromosomes are in the original cells that undergoes meiosis? Are they single or double stranded?

60. After one division, how many chromosomes are in the cells? Are they single or double stranded?

61. After the second division, how many chromosomes are in the cells? Are they double or single stranded?

62. Is meiosis sexual or asexual reproduction?

63. Are eggs & sperm haploid or diploid?

64. What process joins the egg & sperm to restore the original chromosome number of the organism?

65. When a sperm fertilizes an egg, a new 2n cell forms called the _________.

66. _________ _________ are pairs of sister chromatids that have the same genes, but may have different alleles.

67. _________ reduces the chromosome number by half, while _________ restores it.

68. In Meiosis I, what separates?

69. In Meiosis II, what separates?

70. Name these stages of Meiosis I.

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71. Name 2 things that occur in Prophase I.

72. What is a tetrad? Label the centromere and put a box around a sister chromatid.

73. Crossing-over results in genetic _________ in the offspring.

74. What happens during Metaphase I?

75. Name 2 things that occur in Anaphase I?

76. Name 3 things that occur in Telophase I?

77. The gametes at the end of Meiosis II will have how many copies of a gene for a trait?

78. Name the stages in Meiosis II.

79. What happens in Prophase II?

80. Where are the sister chromatids in Metaphase II?

81. What happens to the sister chromatids during Anaphase II?

82. Name 4 things that occur in Telophase II?

83. Meiosis results in ___haploid cells called _________ that have _________ copy of each chromosome and _____allele for each gene in different .

Gametogenesis

84. Gametogenesis that produces sperm cells is called _________.

85. Gametogenesis that produces egg cells is called _________.

86. How many haploid cells after oogenesis will become an egg cell?

87. What happens to the polar bodies & WHY?

Comparing Mitosis & Meiosis

88. Complete the following table comparing mitosis & meiosis.

| |Mitosis |Meiosis |

|Number of Divisions | | |

|Number of Daughter Cells | | |

|Genetically Identical | | |

|Chromosome Number | | |

|Where Occurs | | |

| | | |

|Role | | |

| | | |

Disorders

89. What causes Down’s Syndrome?

90. What causes Turner’s Syndrome?

91. What does trisomy mean?

92. What is your name? HAHA – Just checking if you are awake after all these

questions. : )

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Metaphase

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