PDF The Central Dogma of Biology - Mrs. Frost

THE CENTRAL DOGMA OF BIOLOGY

1. DNA B4.2

The genetic information encoded in DNA molecules provides instructions for assembling protein molecules. Genes are segments of DNA molecules. Inserting, deleting, or substituting DNA segments can alter genes. An altered gene may be passed on to every cell that develops from it. The resulting features may help, harm, or have little or no effect on the offspring's success in the environment.

2.DNA TERMS

1. DNA--deoxyribonucleic acid, genetic material for almost all living things 2.Nucleotide ?monomer of nucleic acid, made up of a five carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base 3. Nitrogenous bases ? adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil 4.Double-helix ? twisted double ladder, shape of DNA 5. Genes ? unit of heredity, located on chromosome

DNA TERMS

6. Amino acid ?- strung together to make protein

7. Polypeptide ? polymer of many amino acids linked together by peptide bond

8. Transcription ? process of mRNA being made from DNA template

9. Translation ? process of ribosomes using the sequence of mRNA to create a sequence of amino acids that will form a protein

10. Mutation ? change in DNA sequence that affects the genetic information

3. INHERITED MUTATIONS

When mutations occur in sex cells, they can be passed on to offspring (inherited mutations), but if they occur in other cells, they can be passed onto descendant cells only (noninherited mutations). (B4.2A)

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