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Date: _______________________Chapter 12: Meteorology12.3: Gathering Weather DataData from the Earth’s SurfaceInformation that meteorologists measure includes:temperature: ____or ____ Air pressure: _____, psi, _____, bar, _____ (mmHg)Wind speed: _____ or mphRelative humidity: % of water vapour in the airTypes of Instruments used______________________: measures ____________________; either liquid-in-glass or bimetallic-strip types________________: measures air ________________; can have a column of mercury in a glass tube; ________________: a sealed metal ________________r with flexible sides that uses a dial to measure ________________in air pressure________________: measures ________________ speed; uses _______ cups that rotate and speed is based upon the number of ________________ for a given time; or uses ________________________________: measures ________________; uses a _____ bulb and a ____ bulb that requires a ________________ table to measure the relative humidityData from the Upper AtmosphereThe surface-weather data is important, but __________ of the weather is generated high in the ________________As a result, meteorologists must gather data at ________________or higher________________: is a package of sensors and a battery-powered radio transmitter; is attached to a ________________ filled with helium or hydrogen (________________ ________________)________________: radar + wind + RadiosondeA radiosonde that also measures ________________speedThe system that has been used since the 1980’s has been replaced with one using GPSWeather RadarDetects specific ________________ of ________________the ________________ system generates ________________ waves that are sent out at the speed of lightThe waves bounce off of ________________ of a specific size and ________________The antenna cannot ___________ and ________________ at the same time, so the radar is sent out in ________________A ________________ processes the dataThe ________________ to precipitation and location to the receiving antenna can be determinedDoppler Radar________________ ________________: the ________________ in pitch or frequency that occurs due to the ________________motion of a wave as it comes ________________ or goes away form an observerAnalysis of the data gathered can help determine the ________________ and ________________ of the precipitation, wind speed, including those associated with ________________ weatherGives a distinct ________________over other types of weather radar systemsWeather Satellites________________ ImageryUsed to make observations at________________All objects give off ________________ energy at different ________________; these differences are ________________ by the satellites and ________________ by meteorologistsCan be used to map ________________ ________________ or surface temperatures very useful for tracking ________________ high in the troposphere and its ________________ to produce severe weather________________ ________________ ImageryThese satellites have ________________ that capture visible light imagesTracks ________________, but not necessarily ________________Show the difference in the ________________ of clouds, ________________them to the ________________of the cloud coverUsed with other data to determine where ________________ and ________________are ________________________________-________________ ImageryThis is an ________________gas that is not captured using visible lightHowever, ________________ and ________________infrared radiation as certain wavelengthsSome satellites have sensors that can measure the ________________ of water vapour in the ________________Valuable tool for ________________ and ________________ of weather patterns as it shows ________________ in the atmosphere, not just cloudsThe water vapour is often tracked by the________________ trails it leaves behindAllows meteorologist to track ________________ ________________, even when clouds are not ________________12.4: Weather Analysis and PredictionSurface Weather AnalysisWeather reports or given in ________________, websites, television, and on ________________Put into ________________ or on ________________ and accompanied by satellite imageryStation ModelsPlotting Station Model Dataa record of weather data for a particular ________________ and ________________Uses meteorological ________________ to represent weather dataAllows meteorologists to fit a _____________ amount of data onto a _____________ spaceA ________________ way of communicating weather dataProvides information for ________________ sites________________: lines that connect points of equal or constant values over a large area – national or global________________: lines of equal pressure________________: lines of equal temperatureInterpreting Station Model DataBy studying the ________________ and the ________________ on a weather map, meteorologists can make ________________ about weather – such as wind speedIsobars that are close together indicate a ________________ pressure difference over a ________________ area; bringing ________________ windsIsobars that are far apart indicate a ________________ difference in ________________ and ________________ winds________________ isobars and isotherms help to determine the weather ____________All station data is used to determine the ______________ weather conditionsImportant when making ________________26765251200150________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________00________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2724150-485775________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________00________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________13430252047875___________________________________________________00___________________________________________________left266700________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________00________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________left-438150___________________________________________________00___________________________________________________Types of forecasts346710-32766000Meteorologists analyze data from different ______________ in that atmosphere, based upon ______________ and ______________ weather conditions; create a ______________ forecastDigital forecastAnalogMade by applying ______________ of ______________ to atmospheric ______________ and making predictions about how these variables will ______________ over timeBased upon ______________ data and is only as ______________ as the amount of ______________ dataMain method used todayBased upon the ______________ of weather systems to ______________ weather patterns from the ______________Short Term ForecastsThe most ______________ and ______________ forecastWeather systems change ______________, ______________, and ______________ over time______________: extrapolation is reliable for ______________ -______________ weather features that are readily observable by ______________ and ____________________________: based upon the ______________ of ______________ surface and upper-level features – low-pressure systems, etc.Usually ______________ for expected ______________ and for when and amount of ______________Long Term Forecastsit is ______________ for computers to model all variables and condition that affect weather in a ______________ and place, making them ______________ reliable than short term forecastsAtmospheric ______________ change and interact, creating more ______________ weather scenarios______________ Forecasts: estimate each day’s weather but cannot ______________ when or what specific conditions ______ occur______________ Forecasts: based upon ______________ in large-scale circulation patterns, are ______________ and based mainly on ______________ condition found in the past______________ and ______________: based upon weather ______________ or patternsCan involve changes in ______________ currents, ______________, and ______________ activity occurring at the same time ................
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