Chapter 1 – Introduction



Introduction

Psychology

Structuralism-     

Gestalt Psychology

Functionalism-      

Psychoanalysis

Behaviorism-        

Developmental

Humanist

Cognitive

William James

Wilhelm Wundt

Sigmund Freud

Biological              

Research Methods

Applied vs. Basic Psychology

Scientific Method-              

Survey

Case Study

Naturalistic Observation

Experimental Research

Correlation

Operational definition

Independent variable

Dependent variable

Double-Blind study

Single Blind Study

Random assignment       

 Experimental Group

Control group   

Ethical principles

Biological Foundations of Behavior

PET, MRI, and CAT Scans

Lesions

Parts of the Neuron

Central Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

Sympathetic Nervous System

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Motor cortex

Somatosensory Cortex

Medulla

Amygdala

Hippocampus

Hypothalamus

Broca’s Area

Wernicke’s Area

Corpus Callosum

Pituitary Gland

Pineal Gland

4 Lobes of the Brain

Cerebellum

Right vs. Left Hemisphere

Sensation and Perception

Sensation

Sensory receptors

Retina

Cornea

Visual Cliff

Pitch

Semicircular Canals

Cochlea

Light vs. Sound Waves

Taste Buds

Transduction

Sensory Adaptation

Similarity, Proximity, Continuity

Perception   

Brightness Constancy

Shape Constancy

Size constancy

Binocular Cues

Monocular Cues

                        

Consciousness and Sleep

Consciousness- 

Circadian rhythm

Stages of Sleep

REM sleep        

Manifest Content

Latent Content           

Lucid dream

Insomnia          

Melatonin                                 

Hypnosis

Meditation

Alcohol

Barbiturates

Withdrawal Symptoms

Depressants

Stimulants

Tolerance

Free – Running Circadian Rhythm

Memory

Flashbulb Memory

Encoding

Storage

Retrieval

Sensory memory

Short-term

Long-term

Working memory

Automatic vs. effortful

Rehearsal

Spacing

Serial position effect

Recognition

Mnemonics

Chunking

Iconic and echoic memory

Amnesia

Implicit vs explicit memory

Recall

Relearning

Priming

Deja vu

mood, state congruent memory

Ebbinghaus forgetting curve

PORN

Repression

Amnesia (2 types)

Misinformation effect

Source confusion

Learning

Learning

Conditioning

Classical Conditioning

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)

Unconditioned Response (UCR)

Neutral Stimulus (NS)

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

Conditioned Response (CR)

Acquisition

Generalization

Discrimination

Extinction

Spontaneous Recovery

Operant Conditioning

Thorndike’s Law of Effect

“Skinner Box”

Positive Reinforcement

Negative Reinforcement

Shaping

Continuous Reinforcement

Partial Reinforcement

Punishment

Observational Learning

Modeling

Lifespan Development

Teratagens

Placenta

Reflexes

Temperament

Maturation

Cognition

Sensorimotor

Object Permanence

Preoperational

Conservation

Egocentrism

Concrete Operational

Formal Operational

Stranger Anxiety

Attachment

Self concept

Authoritarian Parents

Permissive Parents

Authoritative Parents

Latitudinal Studies

Longitudinal Studies

Jean Piaget

Harry Harlow

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