Chapter 1
UNIT 1 STUDY GUIDE
Name: __________________________
Period: ______
Chapter 1
Environmental Problems, Their Causes, and Sustainability
1. Describe the relationship between sustainability and environmental degradation.
2. Describe “the tragedy of the commons” and explain how these situations can be avoided. Provide a specific example of a situation and how it can be prevented.
3. Describe what it wrong with the way we are using our nonrenewable resources? What can we do to make them last longer?
4. What are the principle types of pollution and what can we do about pollution?
5. What are the major causes of environmental problems?
6. What are the harmful effects of poverty and affluence?
7. Describe the four basic components of the earth’s natural sustainability.
Chapter 1 – Key Terms
(Terms are listed in the same font style as they appear in the text.)
Living more sustainably
environment (p. 7)
environmental science (p. 7)
environmentalism (p. 8)
sustainability (durability) (p.8)
Resources
resource (p. 12)
perpetual resource (p. 12)
renewable resource (p. 12)
sustainable yield (p. 12)
environmental degradation (p. 12)
tragedy of the commons (p. 12)
ecological footprint (p. 13)
nonrenewable resources (p. 14)
Pollution
pollution (p. 15)
point sources (p. 15)
nonpoint sources (p. 15)
Environmental Problems: Causes and Connections
poverty (p. 18)
affluenza (p. 19)
Chapter 2
Science, Systems, Matter, and Energy
1. Explain why models are useful in predicting the behavior of a complex system.
2. Describe the difference between a positive feedback loop and a negative feedback loop. Give an example of each.
3. Explain how a time delay can make a complex system even harder to understand and predict.
4. Describe synergistic interactions and list an example.
5. What is the difference between organic compounds and inorganic compounds? Why are organic compounds so important?
6. Explain the law of conservation of matter and how it relates to the phrase, “There is no away”.
7. Explain why the First Law of Thermodynamics is also known as the Law of Conservation of Energy.
8. Completely describe the Second Laws of Thermodynamics.
Chapter 2 – Key Terms
(Terms are listed in the same font style as they appear in the text.)
The Nature of Science
scientific hypotheses (p. 30)
scientific theory (p. 30)
peer review (p. 30)
scientific (natural) law (p. 30)
Models and Behavior of Systems
positive feedback loop (p. 33)
negative feedback loop (p. 33)
time delays (p. 33)
threshold level or tipping point (p. 33)
synergistic interaction (synergy) (p. 34)
Types and Structure of Matter
organic compounds (p. 36)
inorganic compounds (p. 36)
hydrocarbons (p. 37)
chlorinated hydrocarbons (p. 37)
Changes in Matter
law of conservation of matter (p. 39)
Energy Laws: Two Rules We Cannot Break
first law of thermodynamics or law of conservation of energy (p. 45)
second law of thermodynamics (p. 45)
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