Warm-Up Expansion of the Vietnam War - Edgenuity Inc.
[Pages:14]Warm-Up Expansion of the Vietnam War
A Looming War
Fighting started in the
France .
1950s
when Vietnam won its independence from
Vietnam Divided
? North Vietnam created a
communist
government. ? South Vietnam
created a
republic .
Viet Cong Attacked
US Supported South Vietnam
? Viet Cong
communists tried to overthrow South Vietnam's government.
? President
Eisenhower
sent military aid to
South Vietnam .
The Domino Theory
According to the domino theory, if one country becomes
communist ,
then its neighbors also are likely to fall to communism.
W2K
Words to Know
Fill in this table as you work through the lesson. You may also use the glossary to
help you.
draft
a system that requires people to serve in the military
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Warm-Up Expansion of the Vietnam War
Lesson Objectives
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to: ? Examine the reasons for increased US
military
involvement in
Vietnam. ? Describe the
challenges
facing American soldiers
fighting the war in Vietnam.
? Analyze the effects of the Tet Offensive on the course of the war.
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Instruction Expansion of the Vietnam War
?
Lesson What challenges did the United States face as it entered
Question the Vietnam War?
Slide
2
The Viet Cong Gain the Upper Hand
By 1961 , the Viet Cong seemed to be winning the war in South
Vietnam.
? President Kennedy sent more money, weapons, and military advisers to help South Vietnam .
The situation grew worse.
? South Vietnam's leader was
generals .
overthrown
by his own
Lyndon B. Johnson (1908?1973)
? Became president following Kennedy's
? Was born in Stonewall, Texas
assassination
? Served as a representative and senator in Congress
? Was known for his
social programs
and his role in the
Vietnam War
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Instruction Expansion of the Vietnam War
Slide
2
Johnson's Dilemma
Johnson faced a tough decision about Vietnam.
Should the United States...
...get more involved?
...avoid more involvement?
? Without more help from US troops, ? Going to war in Vietnam would be
South Vietnam was likely
expensive and controversial.
to fall.
? Losing Vietnam to communism
would hurt Johnson politically.
? A war also could harm his
ability to promote his
social programs at
home.
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Instruction Expansion of the Vietnam War
Slide
4
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
In 1964, US Navy ships were allegedly attacked by
North Vietnam in the Gulf of Tonkin.
Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution in response.
? Authorized the president to take any actions he felt necessary to deal
with threats to US forces or allies in Southeast Asia
North Vietnam
Laos
China
Gulf of Tonkin
Cambodia
South Vietnam
Rolling Thunder
LBJ used his new authority to increase US military involvement in Vietnam. The United States began bombing North Vietnam in 1965 in an operation called Rolling Thunder . The bombing was not enough to turn the tide of the war.
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Instruction Expansion of the Vietnam War
Slide
4
More US Troops
US leaders felt they had to send troops to fight the Viet Cong.
? The major buildup began in 1965 .
? By 1968 , more than 500,000 US troops were in Vietnam.
War was never formally declared .
6,00,000
US Troops in Vietnam
5,00,000
4,00,000
3,00,000
2,00,000
1,00,000
0 1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
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Instruction Expansion of the Vietnam War
Slide
7
The Draft
All men aged 18 to 25 had to register for the draft.
? The draft is a system that requires people to serve in the military.
From 1965 to 1973, about 1.7 million US men were drafted.
Many college students avoided the draft through deferments.
Those Who Fought
The majority of Americans who served in Vietnam
volunteered .
Most infantry soldiers were drafted.
? The average age of infantry soldiers was 1.9
? Most were working class .
? About 13 percent were African American.
9
A Determined Enemy
The main opponents of the US forces were the Viet Cong and units of the
NVA , or the North Vietnamese Army.
? Supplied by North Vietnam, China , and the USSR
? Often disguised as civilians
? Willing to take heavy losses and fight a long war
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Instruction Expansion of the Vietnam War
Slide
9
Guerrilla Warfare
The Viet Cong often used guerrilla warfare tactics against US forces.
? Building hidden camps
? Usually fighting in small groups
? Moving constantly
? Hiding in jungles
? Ambushing US troops
American Tactics: Search & Destroy
The Americans tried to counter guerrilla tactics in several ways.
? Using helicopters to move quickly ? Sending special patrols to find and attack the Viet Cong ? Bombing supply lines ? Spreading Agent Orange to kill jungle cover
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