Life’s Diversity Use with Chapter 17, Sections 17.1, 17 - Weebly

Name

Date

Chapter

17

Class

Concept Mapping

Organizing

Life¡¯s Diversity

Use with Chapter 17, Sections 17.1, 17.2

Classifying Organisms

Make a concept map identifying the six kingdoms into which organisms are classified. Show whether

the organisms in each kingdom are prokaryotes or eukaryotes; unicellular or multicellular; autotrophs

or heterotrophs.

1.

2.

3.

4.

7.

8.

5.

6.

Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

eukaryotes

Six

Kingdoms

10.

9.

11.

eukaryotes

heterotrophs

12.

13.

multicellular

14.

UNIT 5

15.

16.

17.

CHAPTER 17 Organizing Life¡¯s Diversity

113

Name

Date

Chapter

17

Class

Critical Thinking

Organizing

Life¡¯s Diversity

Use with Chapter 17, Section 17.1

Evaluating Methods of Classification

U

ntil recently, in order to classify living things,

scientists compared the body parts of organisms

or examined their tissues under a microscope. They

also had the fossil record, but much of it was incomplete. Today, classification systems can be checked

and revised by looking at the biochemistry of organisms and comparing the structures of their DNA and

their proteins.

Amino-Acid Sequences In the 1970s, scientists

Walter Fitch and Emanuel Margoliash revealed

detailed comparisons of the amino-acid sequences of

a protein called cytochrome c from different species.

This protein exists in slightly different forms, yet it

performs a similar function of energy transport in

hundreds of different species. Fitch and Margoliash

worked on the assumption that the more closely the

sequences resembled each other, the more closely

the species were related. The table below shows

some of the sequences they found for cytochrome c.

Amino-Acid Sequences 1¨C25 for Cytochrome c

Tuna GDVAKGKKTFVQKCAQCHTVENGGK

Moth GNADNGKKIFVQRCAQCHTVEAGGK

Dog

CDVEKGKKIFVQKCAQCHTVEKGGK

Wheat GNPDAGAKIFKTKCAQCHTVDAGAG

1. Which two organisms shown on the table are the most closely related? Explain your answer.

Based on their analysis of the differences in

sequences of cytochrome c, Fitch and Margoliash

drew a phylogenetic diagram. Part of a similar

diagram is shown in the figure below.

Horse

Human

Donkey

Monkey

Pig

Turtle

Dog

Penguin

Rabbit

Kangaroo

Snake

Tuna

Chicken

Duck

Pigeon

3. Older systems of classification always placed birds in their own group and turtles and snakes in the reptile

group. Does the diagram support this? Explain.

4. According to this diagram, are humans more closely related to the kangaroo or the tuna?

114

CHAPTER 17 Organizing Life¡¯s Diversity

UNIT 5

Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

2. Should a moth be classified as being more similar to a tuna or more similar to wheat? Explain.

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