Chapter 18 Definitions Chemical Bond Ion - a neutral ...

Chapter 18 Definitions Chemical Bond- force that holds atoms together in a compound Chemical Formula- chemical shorthand that uses symbols to tell what elements are in a compound and there ratios Covalent Band- attraction formed between atoms when they share electrons Ion- charged particle that has either more or fewer electrons than protons

Ionic Band- the force of attraction between opposite charges of the ions in an ionic compound

Molecule- a neutral particle that forms as a result of electron sharing among atoms

Non-Polar Molecule- molecule that shares electrons equally and doesn't have oppositely charged ends

Non-Polar Band- A covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally by both atoms

Polar Molecule- a covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally, resulting in a slightly positively and negatively charged particles

Hydrate- compound that has water chemically attached to its atoms and written into its chemical formula

Chapter 18 Definitions (contd.)

Oxidation Number- positive or negative number indicates how many electrons an atom has gained, or shared to become stable Polar Band- a covalent bond in which the electrons are not shared equally, resulting in a slightly positively or negatively charged particles Binary Bond- A chemical compound composed of only two elements Polyatomic Ion- is a positively or negatively charged ion composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded

Stability in Bonding

Chapter 18: Section 1

I. Combined Elements A. When elements combine together in fixed proportions they form what we call compounds B. Example: ? 2 (Water) ? (Table Salt)

II. Oxidation Numbers A. Positive or negative number that indicates how many electrons an atom has gained, lost, or shared to become stable

III. Chemical Bonding A. Chemical Bonding- the combination of elements to form new substances (compounds) B. Why bonds form? ? Occurs because atoms want to be stable ? They become stable by losing, gaining, or sharing electrons in order to fill their outer energy level C. What determines how they bond? ? Valence electrons play the biggest role in determining how atoms combine ? The electron arrangement of the outer energy level determines whether or not an element will form bonds

IV. Dot Diagram A. Electron dot diagrams are useful for showing how electrons will combine B. Remember the goal of combining elements is to reach stability (8 electrons in outer shell) C. When atoms gain or lose electrons an attraction forms between the atoms pulling them together to form compounds D. that atoms tend to combine in such a way that they each have eight electrons in their valence shells, giving them the same electronic configuration as a noble gas.

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