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Name Class Date Economics and Environmental PolicyBefore you read the chapter, answer each question with information you know. Afteryou complete the chapter, re-answer the questions using information you learned.How Can We Best Balance Our OwnInterests and Needs With the Health of the Environment?What I LearnedWhat I Know2.1 How is sustain-ability affected byeconomics?2.2 How do envi-ronmental policiesprotect theenvironment?2.3 How cangovernments workwith one anotherand citizens to formsound environmentalpolicy?18aesthetic value: non-market value that we appreciate for the beauty or emotional appealcost-benefit analysis: a comparison of what is sacrificed or gained by a specific actioncultural value: non-market value that sustain or help define our culturedemand: the amount of a product people will buy at a given price if free to do soecolabeling: serves to tell consumers which brands use environmentally benign processesecological economics: a developing school of study that applies the principles of ecology and systems thinking to the description and analysis of economicseconomics: the study of how resources are converted into goods and services and how these goods and services are distributed and usededucational value: non-market value that may teach us about ourselves and the worldenvironmental economics: a new trend in economics where there is recognition that suppliers of goods and services need to consider how to conserve resources and reduce harm to the environmentenvironmental impact statement (EIS): a report that must show the costs and benefits of major federal actions that could significantly affect the quality of the environmentenvironmental policy: consists of general plans and principles that address the interactions between humans and the environmentexistence value: non-market value that we may never experience directly, but are of value just because they exist, such as animals in far off placesmarket failure: occurs when markets do not reflect the environments positive or negative impacts on the economynon-market values: values not included in the price of a good or service (aesthetic, cultural, scientific)option value: non-market value that we do not use now but might use later, such as timber in an uncut forestpolicy: a formal set of general plans and principles for addressing problems and guiding decision makingscientific value: non-market value that may be subject of scientific researchsupply: the amount of a product offered for sale at a given priceuse value: non-market value that we use directly, such as a river for boatingName Class Date Border 2012The pollution problem in the TijuanaRiver is just part of a larger environmentalsituation along the 3100-kilometer (2000-mile) border between Mexico and the UnitedStates. Located along this border are 15 pairsof U.S.-Mexico “sister cities.” The map belowshows the U.S.-Mexico border region andthese sister cities.Rapid population growth in the borderregion’s sister cities has placed stresseson the region’s resources, causing manyenvironmental problems. These problemsinclude air and water pollution, overloadingof water and sewage treatment plants, andoveruse of natural resources. Furthermore,the health of the region’s nearly 13 millionresidents is also at stake. The pollution iscausing respiratory ailments, water-bornediseases, respiratory ailments, and otherhealth problems.The U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA) and Mexico’s Secretariatof Environment and Natural Resources(SEMARNAT), along with many otherorganizations, are working together on anenvironmental plan for the region called“Border 2012.” This binational effort takesinto account population, demographics,language, trade, and biological diversityof the various parts of the border. Border2012’s six goals are to: reduce watercontamination; reduce air pollution; reduceland contamination; improve environmentalhealth; establish emergency preparednessand response; and to enforce environmentalstewardship.Name Class Date Use the information in Border 2012 to answer the questions below.1.Identify 3 of the 15 pairs of sister cities along the U.S.-Mexico border2.Do you think the health of the environment in the border region—and the health of theresidents—will improve or worsen in the future? Explain your answer.3.Why is it important that both nations work together to clean up the pollution?4.Use the information in the article and the map to explain how twonations can work together to balance their own interests and needs with the health of theenvironment.Find out more about Border 2012. In small groups, use Internet resources to explore the topicon the EPA and SEMARNAT Web sites and on other reputable sites. Brainstorm solutions tothe environmental problems in the region, and present your ideas to the class.The 21st Century Skills used in this activity include Critical Thinking and Problem Solving,Creativity and Innovation, Communication and Collaboration, Media Literacy, andInformation Literacy.Log on for more information and activities on the CentralCase, Cleaning the Tides of San Diego and Tijuana.Name Class Date 2.1 Economics—pp. 36-41Key ConceptsSupply and demand and cost-benefit analysis are two economic concepts that greatlycontribute to decision making.All economies depend on the environment for resources and for management of wastes,but these connections are often overlooked.A new trend in economics is the recognition that suppliers of goods and services needto consider how to conserve resources and reduce harm to the environment.What Is Economics?Match each type of economy with the statement that best describes it.1.centrally planned economy2.free market economy3.mixed economya.The government decides what is made, how it is made, and who gets what.b.Both government and individuals play roles ineconomic decision making.c.Individuals decide what is made, how it is made,and how much is made.Is economics only about money? Explain your answer.pare and contrast goods and services.6.Explain how supply and demand works.7.On the surface, cost-benefit analysis seems straightforward. What can make this decision-making method both complicated and controversial?20Name Class Date Economics and the Environment8.Briefly define natural resources.9.What kinds of “services” do ecological systems provide?10.Fill in the diagram with short descriptions of economicassumptions that have harmed the environment.Economic AssumptionsThat Have Harmedthe EnvironmentEndless ResourcesShort-term EffectsInternal Costsand BenefitsGrowthEconomics and plete the following paragraph with terms from the word bank.ecolabelingecological economicsenvironmental economicsmarket failure non-market valueMany economists in argue that economies must be stable to besustainable. But economists in think growing economies canbecome sustainable if they address environmental problems. In particular, these economists aredeveloping ways to include the of ecosystem services in prices. They arealso finding ways to avoid by acknowledging the positive effects of theenvironment on economies and the negative effects of economic activities on the environmentand people. helps consumers push companies toward sustainability.21Name Class Date 12.How do companies benefit by offering sustainable products and services?Organize plete the tables below to show how the quantity produced and the quantity purchasedchange in a typical market. On the lines below the tables, describe what might happen ifconsumers were willing to pay a high price for a new sustainable product, such as a veryenergy and water efficient yet expensive washing machine.SupplyPriceQuantity ProducedLowLowDemandPriceQuantity PurchasedLowHighAnswer the questions to test your knowledge of lesson concepts. You can check yourwork using the answers on the bottom of the page.14.Which kind of economy do most nations have today? Explain your answer.15.What are external costs, and how do they relate to market failure?22Name Class Date 2.3International Environmental Policy andApproaches Pages 53-55Key ConceptsSteps of the environmental policy process include identifying a problem, finding thecause, proposing solutions, getting organized, gaining access to policymakers, andguiding the solution to law.Reading StrategyAs you read the lesson, complete the main ideas and details chart.Main IdeasDetailsThe environmental policyprocessThe Environmental Policy Process15.Fill in the flowchart with the steps in the environmental policyprocess. The first step is provided.1. Identify theproblem.6.2.5.3.4.16.Describe ways in which science can help identify environmental problems and their causes.17.Explain a problem an environmental policy might face even after it becomes a law.Answer the questions to test your knowledge of lesson concepts. You can check yourwork using the answers on the bottom of the page.ernments can use taxes both to encourage compliance with environmental policiesand to discourage noncompliance. Give an example of each.19.How can people who are too young to vote influence environmental policy?30Name Class Date Chapter Vocabulary ReviewMatch each term with its definition.1.supply2.policy3.subsidy4.demand5.lobbying6.economics7.green tax8.non-market value9.market failure10.cost-benefit analysisa.the study of how resources become goodsand services that are distributed and usedb.a tax on companies that harm theenvironmentc.a comparison of the disadvantages andadvantages of a specific actiond.the amount of a product offered for saleat a given pricee.efforts to influence an elected official tosupport a specific interestf.a value that is not usually included in theprice of goods or servicesg.a formal set of plans for addressingproblems and guiding decision makingh.the amount of a product people will buyat a given price if free to do soi.when a market does not reflect the fullcosts and benefits of actionsj.a giveaway of cash or public resources toencourage an activity or lower a product’spriceWrite a sentence that shows the relationship between the two terms.13.ecological economics, environmental economics EXTENSION On a separate sheet of paper, write a short paragraph describing U.S. effortsto address environmental issues over the last few decades. In the paragraph, use atleast one vocabulary term from each lesson in the chapter. ................
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