Chapter Reinforcement and Study Guide Biological Diversity

Name

Date

Class

5 Chapter Biological Diversity

and Conservation

Reinforcement and Study Guide

Section 5.1 Vanishing Species

In your textbook, read about biological diversity.

Use the terms below just once to complete the passage. You will not use all the terms.

environments biological diversity

variety equator

greater less

space decrease

species increase

(1) ____B_i_o_l_o_g__ic_a_l__d_i_v_e_r_s_it_y____ refers to the (2) ___________v_a_r_i_e_t_y_________ of life in an

area. Another word for biological diversity is biodiversity. The simplest measure of biodiversity is the number of (3) __________s_p_e__c_ie_s__________ that live in a certain area. The more species there are, the (4) __________g_r_e_a__te__r_________ is the biodiversity of the area. Biodiversity on land tends to (5) __________in__c_re__a_s_e_________ as you move toward the (6) __________e_q__u_a_t_o__r________ .

Biodiversity is greater on large islands than on small islands because large islands have more (7) ___________s_p_a__c_e__________ and a greater variety of (8) _______e_n__v_ir_o__n_m__e_n_t_s______ .

In your textbook, read about the importance of biodiversity. For each statement below, write true or false. ________t_r_u_e_________ 9. Biodiversity provides our world with beauty.

________f_a_l_s_e________ 10. The loss of a species from an ecosystem usually has no effect because of the presence of other species in the ecosystem.

________f_a_l_s_e________ 11. Biodiversity decreases the stability of ecosystems because more species are competing with each other.

________t_r_u_e_________ 12. Increasing the biodiversity of an ecosystem may result in more niches.

________f_a_l_s_e________ 13. Diseases are more likely to spread in an ecosystem with high biodiversity than in an ecosystem with low biodiversity.

________t_r_u_e_________ 14. A decrease in Earth's biodiversity may affect people's diets.

________t_r_u_e_________ 15. Preserving diverse plant species may lead to the discovery of new drugs in the future.

REINFORCEMENT AND STUDY GUIDE

CHAPTER 5 BIOLOGY: The Dynamics of Life 19

Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Name

Date

Class

Chapter

5

Biological Diversity and Conservation, continued

In your textbook, read about the loss of biodiversity.

Reinforcement and Study Guide

Section 5.1 Vanishing Species, continued

For each item in Column A, write the letter of the matching item in Column B.

Column A

______f______ 16. The number of members of a species is so low that there is a possibility of extinction.

______c______ 17. This animal is an example of an endangered species. ______b______ 18. The population of a species begins declining rapidly. ______a______ 19. This animal is an example of an extinct species. ______e______ 20. All members of a species have died, so the species

no longer exists. ______d______ 21. This animal is an example of a threatened species.

Column B a. passenger pigeon b. threatened species c. black rhinoceros d. African elephant e. extinct species f. endangered species

In your textbook, read about threats to biodiversity. Complete the table by checking the correct column for each statement.

Statement

22. Animals have no migratory route. 23. A rain forest is burned. 24. A highway divides a forest. 25. Acid precipitation leaches nutrients

from the soil. 26. Detergents and other chemicals pollute

bodies of water. 27. Coral is mined for building materials. 28. The reduction of the ozone layer causes

more ultraviolet radiation to reach Earth's surface.

Habitat Loss

Habitat Fragmentation

Habitat Degradation

Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

20 CHAPTER 5 BIOLOGY: The Dynamics of Life

REINFORCEMENT AND STUDY GUIDE

Name

Date

Class

Chapter

5

Biological Diversity and Conservation, continued

Reinforcement and Study Guide

Section 5.1 Vanishing Species, continued

Circle the letter of the choice that best completes the statement.

29. When species lose their habitats, they may

a. lack food.

b. lack shelter.

c. be in danger of becoming extinct.

d. all of the above.

30. Habitat fragmentation often leads to

a. increased species diversity within an area.

c. decreased species diversity within an area.

b. larger habitats for species. d. an increased food supply for species.

31. Different conditions along the boundaries of an ecosystem are called

a. habitat fragmentation.

b. edge effect.

c. habitat loss.

d. canopy effect.

32. The greatest source of air pollution is a. volcanic eruptions. c. burning fossil fuels.

b. forest fires. d. CFCs.

33. Acid precipitation a. may decrease biodiversity on land. c. may increase biodiversity in water.

b. has no effect on biodiversity. d. both a and c.

34. The reduction of the ozone layer is caused by

a. burning fossil fuels.

b. acid precipitation.

c. heavy metals.

d. CFCs.

35. Algal blooms in lakes a. are caused by acid precipitation.

c. clog the gills of fish.

b. decrease the amount of oxygen in the lake when they decay.

d. both a and b.

36. When exotic species are introduced into an area, their populations may grow exponentially because the species

a. are large.

b. are predators.

c. lack competitors and predators.

d. are small.

37. The African elephant population was greatly reduced between 1970 and 1990 due to

a. habitat degradation.

b. excessive hunting.

c. habitat loss.

d. pollution.

Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

REINFORCEMENT AND STUDY GUIDE

CHAPTER 5 BIOLOGY: The Dynamics of Life 21

Name

Date

Class

Chapter

5

Biological Diversity and Conservation, continued

In your textbook, read about strategies of conservation biology.

Reinforcement and Study Guide

Section 5.2 Conservation of Biodiversity

Answer the following questions. 1. What is conservation biology? Conservation biology is a field of biology that studies methods and implements

plans to protect biodiversity.

2. How does the U.S. Endangered Species Act protect biodiversity? The law prohibits people from harming any species on the endangered or threatened species lists. It also prohibits federal agencies from funding projects that harm organisms on those lists.

3. How do nature preserves help protect biodiversity? Nature preserves help protect biodiversity by preserving the habitats of

organisms.

4. Why is it usually better to preserve one large area of land instead of a few smaller areas of land? There usually is greater biodiversity within large areas than within small areas.

5. Why are habitat corridors used to connect different protected areas? The habitat corridors allow organisms to migrate from one area to another.

6. What caused the steady decline of the black-footed ferret population in Wyoming? Their decline was due to canine distemper, which spread to the ferrets, and the poisoning of prairie dogs, which were the ferrets' main source of food.

7. What efforts were made to increase the size of the black-footed ferret population? The remaining ferrets were captured, bred in captivity, and then returned to their original habitat.

8. How are seed banks useful in protecting biodiversity? Seeds from endangered or threatened plant species can be stored in seed banks for long periods of time. If the plant species become extinct, the seeds can be used to reintroduce the species to their original habitats.

9. What are some problems of keeping endangered animals in captivity before reintroducing them to their original habitats? Keeping animals in captivity is expensive. While in captivity, animals may lose the behaviors they need to survive in their original habitats.

Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

22 CHAPTER 5 BIOLOGY: The Dynamics of Life

REINFORCEMENT AND STUDY GUIDE

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