The Weaponization of Quantum Mechanics: Quantum Technology ...

The Weaponization of Quantum Mechanics: Quantum Technology in Future Warfare

A Monograph by

MAJ Ren? G. Berendsen Royal Netherlands Army

School of Advanced Military Studies US Army Command and General Staff College

Fort Leavenworth, KS 2019

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23-05-2019

Master's Thesis

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The Weaponization of Quantum Mechanics: Quantum Technology

in Future Warfare

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6. AUTHOR(S)

Maj. Ren? G. Berendsen

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U.S. Army Command and General Staff College ATTN: ATZL-SWD-GD Fort Leavenworth, KS 66027-2301

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14. ABSTRACT

History has shown that new technologies can change the face of war significantly.

Today, experiencing the speed of innovation and the emergence of technologies made possible by the Fourth Industrial Revolution, even the classical Clausewitzian theory of the nature of war can be questioned.

The United States is expected to have an early advantage in the area of quantum computing. However, China is also exploring the applications of quantum technology and has already surpassed the United States in the area of quantum communication. Therefore, recognizing the importance of quantum technology and its application, developing its integration, and understanding the strategic context laid in the US National Defense Strategy 2018 (NDS 2018), it is imperative to consider quantum technology in the paradigm of operational art.

Quantum technology is an emerging technology that has the potential to reshape the world and provoke a new arms race. Given that we are in the early stages of quantum technology and there exists the potential of this technology providing the United States and her allies an advantage over adversaries, this monograph analyzes quantum technology and examines its potential importance in future warfare.

15. SUBJECT TERMS

Quantum Technology; Future Warfare; Science-fiction prototyping; Scenario developing

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a. REPORT b. ABSTRACT c. THIS PAGE

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43

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Name of Candidate:

Monograph Title: Future Warfare

Monograph Approval Page

MAJ Ren? G. Berendsen The Weaponization of Quantum Mechanics: Quantum Technology in

Approved by:

__________________________________, Monograph Director Daniel G. Cox, PhD

__________________________________, Seminar Leader Yannick Michaud, COL

___________________________________, Director, School of Advanced Military Studies Kirk C. Dorr, COL

Accepted this 23rd day of May 2019 by:

___________________________________, Director, Graduate Degree Programs Robert F. Baumann, PhD

The opinions and conclusions expressed herein are those of the student author and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Army Command and General Staff College or any other government agency. (References to this study should include the foregoing statement.)

Fair Use determination or copyright permission has been obtained for the use of pictures, maps, graphics, and any other works incorporated into the manuscript. This author may be protected by more restrictions in their home countries, in which case further publication or sale of copyrighted images is not permissible.

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Abstract

The Weaponization of Quantum Mechanics: Quantum Technology in Future Warfare, by MAJ Ren? G. Berendsen, 43 pages. History has shown that new technologies can change the face of war significantly. Today, experiencing the speed of innovation and the emergence of technologies made possible by the Fourth Industrial Revolution, even the classical Clausewitzian theory of the nature of war can be questioned. The United States is expected to have an early advantage in the area of quantum computing. However, China is also exploring the applications of quantum technology and has already surpassed the United States in the area of quantum communication. Therefore, recognizing the importance of quantum technology and its application, developing its integration, and understanding the strategic context laid in the US National Defense Strategy 2018 (NDS 2018), it is imperative to consider quantum technology in the paradigm of operational art. Quantum technology is an emerging technology that has the potential to reshape the world and provoke a new arms race. Given that we are in the early stages of quantum technology and there exists the potential of this technology providing the United States and her allies an advantage over adversaries, this monograph analyzes quantum technology and examines its potential importance in future warfare.

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Contents

Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... v Acronyms ....................................................................................................................................... vi Illustrations ................................................................................................................................... viii Tables ........................................................................................................................................... viii Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1: Quantum Technology .................................................................................................... 5 Chapter 2: Applications of Quantum Technology........................................................................... 8

Quantum Computing ................................................................................................................... 8 Three Types of Quantum Computers ...................................................................................... 9

Quantum Communication and Quantum Cryptography............................................................ 16 Quantum Sensing ...................................................................................................................... 18 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 20 Chapter 3: Methodology................................................................................................................ 21 Chapter 4: Scenarios...................................................................................................................... 26 Scenario 1 .................................................................................................................................. 26

Framing the Scenario............................................................................................................. 26 Scenario: "Quantum Computer Domination"........................................................................ 28 Scenario 1 Implications ......................................................................................................... 32 Scenario 2 .................................................................................................................................. 33 Framing the Scenario............................................................................................................. 33 Scenario: "Whole of Quantum Approach" ............................................................................ 35 Scenario 2 Implications ......................................................................................................... 37 Scenario 3 .................................................................................................................................. 37 Framing the Scenario............................................................................................................. 37 Scenario: "Full-Scale Quantum Dominance"........................................................................ 38 Scenario 3 Implications ......................................................................................................... 41 Chapter 5: Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 41 Bibliography .................................................................................................................................. 44

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Acknowledgements

I would like to express my great appreciation for Dr. Daniel Cox, my monograph director who allowed me to investigate the fascinating topic of quantum technology and gave me the opportunity to gaze into the future. I would also like to thank my seminar leader Colonel Yannick Michaud for his expertise and positive energy during our seminar sessions.

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ADRP AI ASCOPE DoD DRFM EW FM IT JEDI LANL NASA NDS 2018 NIST OODA PLA PMESII-PT

QEDC QKD SIGINT UAV USRA US

AAIGR

Acronyms

Army Doctrine Reference Publication Artificial Intelligence Areas Structures Capabilities Organizations People Events Department of Defense Digital Radio Frequency Memory Electronic Warfare Field Manual Information Technology Joint Enterprise Defense Infrastructure Los Alamos National Laboratory National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Defense Strategy 2018 National Institute of Standards and Technology Observe Orient Decide Act People's Liberation Army Political Military Economic Social Information Infrastructure Physical Environment Time Quantum Economic Development Consortium Quantum Key Distribution Signals Intelligence Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Universities Space Research Association United States

Scenario Acronyms

Autonomous Artificial Intelligence Guided Robot

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AIRS COIN D-A2AD HPC IADS IBC2S LSCO MQRS NOVAC OASIS PTDM PVIQCPP RWP SMP QBB QJWP WSAIRTV WQA

Artificial Intelligent Robotic Swarm Counter Insurgency Digital Anti-Access and Area Denial High Performance Computer Integrated Air Defense System Integrated Battlefield Command and Control System Large Scale Combat Operations Mobile Quantum Radar Station Nuclear Operative Variable Automatic Computer Ontologically Anthropocentric Sensory Immersive Simulation Photon Time Delaying Machine Physical and Virtual Integrated Quantum Command Post Platform Robotic Warrior Platform Sub Maritime Platform Quantum Beam Binocular Quantum Joint Warrior Platform Weaponized Submarine Artificial Intelligence Robot Tracking Vehicle Whole of Quantum Approach

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