Biology

[Pages:593]Section Summaries With IPC Review ? Concise two-page summaries of every

chapter in the student text

? Includes graphic organizers, vocabulary support, and practice questions

Guided Reading and Study Workbook ? Section-based worksheets for mastering

chapter content and developing study skills

? Builds a record of students' work to use as a study aid for quizzes and tests

Biology Prentice Hall

All-in-One Study Guide

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Boston, Massachusetts

Copyright ? by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall, Boston, Massachusetts 02116. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458.

Pearson Prentice HallTM is a trademark of Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson? is a registered trademark of Pearson plc. Prentice Hall? is a registered trademark of Pearson Education, Inc.

ISBN 0-13-115522-9

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How to Use the All-in-One Study Guide

Did you know that learning to study more effectively can make a real difference in your performance at school? Students who master study skills are more confident and have more fun learning. This book, the All-in-One Study Guide for Prentice Hall Biology, is designed to help you acquire the skills that will allow you to study biology more effectively. Your active participation in class and use of this Study Guide can go a long way toward helping you achieve success in biology.

This Study Guide can be used to ? preview a chapter, ? learn key vocabulary terms, ? master difficult concepts, ? review for chapter and unit tests, and ? prepare for the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS) in Science.

Part 1 Section Summaries With IPC Review

IPC Review The first part of this Study Guide will help you review the concepts from Integrated Physics and Chemistry (IPC) that will be tested on the TAKS, in grade 10 and grade 11. In addition, there are

? vocabulary terms from IPC and ? key formulas from IPC, with practice in using

each of the formulas. Section Summaries A two-page summary for each chapter in Prentice Hall Biology is also included in the first part of this Study Guide. The key concepts and vocabulary terms are summarized in an easy-to-read style. Use this portion of the Study Guide to review what you have read in every section of the textbook and to check your understanding of the chapter content.

The vocabulary reviews take a variety of formats including flowcharts, crossword puzzles, labeling, multiple-choice questions, and matching exercises.

Part 2 Guided Reading and Study Workbook With IPC Review

The second part of this Study Guide provides a worksheet for every section within each chapter of your textbook and for the TAKS Handbook as well. Completing these worksheets will help you master the key concepts and vocabulary in each section.

Each lesson in the Study Guide provides questions to help you understand the content found under each of the main headings in the textbook. Diagrams, charts, and word puzzles provide a variety of formats to help you master key terms.

An activity that focuses on a particular reading strategy for each chapter is also provided. These activities will help improve your reading skills. Strategies include

? outlining, ? sequencing information, ? identifying cause and effect, and ? identifying main ideas and supporting details.

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Contents

Section Summaries With IPC Review

Introduction .............................................................................................................1 Biology TEKS ..........................................................................................................2 IPC Review ..............................................................................................................5 Formula Chart.......................................................................................................25 IPC Vocabulary Review .......................................................................................26 IPC Formula Review ............................................................................................28 Chapter 1 The Science of Biology ....................................................................33 Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Life .....................................................................36 Chapter 3 The Biosphere ...................................................................................39 Chapter 4 Ecosystems and Communities .......................................................42 Chapter 5 Populations .......................................................................................45 Chapter 6 Humans in the Biosphere ...............................................................48 Chapter 7 Cell Structure and Function ...........................................................51 Chapter 8 Photosynthesis..................................................................................54 Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration.........................................................................57 Chapter 10 Cell Growth and Division...............................................................60 Chapter 11 Introduction to Genetics..................................................................63 Chapter 12 DNA and RNA .................................................................................66 Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering ........................................................................69 Chapter 14 The Human Genome .......................................................................72 Chapter 15 Darwin's Theory of Evolution .......................................................75 Chapter 16 Evolution of Populations ................................................................78 Chapter 17 The History of Life...........................................................................81 Chapter 18 Classification.....................................................................................84 Chapter 19 Bacteria and Viruses ........................................................................87 Chapter 20 Protists ...............................................................................................90 Chapter 21 Fungi ..................................................................................................93 Chapter 22 Plant Diversity..................................................................................96 Chapter 23 Roots, Stems, and Leaves................................................................99 Chapter 24 Reproduction of Seed Plants ........................................................102 Chapter 25 Plant Responses and Adaptations ...............................................105 Chapter 26 Sponges and Cnidarians ...............................................................108 Chapter 27 Worms and Mollusks .....................................................................111 Chapter 28 Arthropods and Echinoderms......................................................114 Chapter 29 Comparing Invertebrates ..............................................................117 Chapter 30 Nonvertebrate Chordates, Fishes, and Amphibians ................120 Chapter 31 Reptiles and Birds ..........................................................................123 Chapter 32 Mammals.........................................................................................126 Chapter 33 Comparing Chordates ...................................................................129 Chapter 34 Animal Behavior ............................................................................132 Chapter 35 Nervous System .............................................................................135 Chapter 36 Skeletal, Muscular, and Integumentary Systems ......................138 Chapter 37 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems .........................................141 Chapter 38 Digestive and Excretory Systems ................................................144 Chapter 39 Endocrine and Reproductive Systems........................................147 Chapter 40 The Immune System and Disease ...............................................150

Study Guide/Contents

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Guided Reading and Study Workbook With IPC Review

Science TAKS 4 Structures and Properties of Matter

IPC TEKS 7 Matter and Its Components

IPC 7A Properties of Fluids ..............................................................................155 IPC 7E Classifying Matter .................................................................................156 IPC 7D Chemical Behavior of Elements .........................................................156

IPC TEKS 8 Changes in Matter

IPC 8A Physical and Chemical Changes.........................................................159 IPC 8C The Law of Conservation of Mass .....................................................161

IPC TEKS 9 Chemistry of Solutions

IPC 9A The Structure and Function of Water ................................................162 IPC 9B Properties of Solutions .........................................................................163 IPC 9D Factors That Influence Solubility .......................................................164

Science TAKS 5 Motion, Forces, and Energy

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IPC TEKS 4 Force and Motion

IPC 4A Motion, Work, and Power ...................................................................165 IPC 4B Newton's Laws of Motion ...................................................................166 IPC 4D Efficiency of Machines .........................................................................168

IPC TEKS 5 Waves

IPC 5A Wave Types and Characteristics .........................................................169 IPC 5B Wave Interactions ..................................................................................171

IPC TEKS 6 Energy Transformations

IPC 6A Energy.....................................................................................................173 IPC 6B Movement of Heat ................................................................................174 IPC 6F Series and Parallel Circuits ..................................................................175 IPC 6D Impact of Various Energy Sources .....................................................177

Chapter 1 The Science of Biology

1?1 What Is Science? ..........................................................................................179 1?2 How Scientists Work...................................................................................181 1?3 Studying Life................................................................................................184 1?4 Tools and Procedures ..................................................................................186

Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Life

2?1 The Nature of Matter .................................................................................189 2?2 Properties of Water......................................................................................191 2?3 Carbon Compounds....................................................................................194 2?4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes ............................................................197

Chapter 3 The Biosphere

3?1 What Is Ecology? .........................................................................................200 3?2 Energy Flow ................................................................................................202 3?3 Cycles of Matter...........................................................................................205

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Study Guide/Contents

Chapter 4 Ecosystems and Communities

4?1 The Role of Climate ....................................................................................208 4?2 What Shapes an Ecosystem?......................................................................210 4?3 Biomes ...........................................................................................................212 4?4 Aquatic Ecosystems.....................................................................................216

Chapter 5 Populations

5?1 How Populations Grow..............................................................................220 5?2 Limits to Growth .........................................................................................223 5?3 Human Population Growth .......................................................................225

Chapter 6 Humans in the Biosphere

6?1 A Changing Landscape...............................................................................228 6?2 Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources...............................................230 6?3 Biodiversity ..................................................................................................233 6?4 Charting a Course for the Future..............................................................236

Chapter 7 Cell Structure and Function

7?1 Life Is Cellular..............................................................................................238 7?2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure ...........................................................................240 7?3 Cell Boundaries............................................................................................244 7?4 The Diversity of Cellular Life....................................................................247

Chapter 8 Photosynthesis

8?1 Energy and Life............................................................................................249 8?2 Photosynthesis: An Overview ...................................................................251 8?3 The Reactions of Photosynthesis...............................................................253

Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration

9?1 Chemical Pathways.....................................................................................257 9?2 The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport .................................................260

Chapter 10 Cell Growth and Division

10?1 Cell Growth ................................................................................................265 10?2 Cell Division...............................................................................................266 10?3 Regulating the Cell Cycle.........................................................................269

Chapter 11 Introduction to Genetics

11?1 The Work of Gregor Mendel ....................................................................271 11?2 Probability and Punnett Squares.............................................................273 11?3 Exploring Mendelian Genetics ................................................................275 11?4 Meiosis.........................................................................................................278 11?5 Linkage and Gene Maps...........................................................................280

Chapter 12 DNA and RNA

12?1 DNA ............................................................................................................282 12?2 DNA Chromosomes and Replication ....................................................285 12?3 RNA and Protein Synthesis .....................................................................287 12?4 Mutations....................................................................................................290 12?5 Gene Regulation ........................................................................................292

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Study Guide/Contents

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