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What is a sense of place in geography

Cloke, Philo and Sadler (1991, p. 81) understand a ¡®sense of place¡¯ to be ¡°a rudimentary understanding of how a place ¡®works¡¯ It's a general feeling about a place by an actor. Every actor has a different sense of place for every location. An actor can for instance love or hate a place or they can feel (un)comfortable at that specific location. Therefore

sense of place can differ a lot between actors. In The Dictionary of Human Geography ¡®sense of place¡¯ is, in line with the above, defined as ¡°the attitudes and feelings that individuals and groups hold vis a` vis the geographical areas in which they live. It further commonly suggests intimate, personal and emotional relationships between self and place¡±

(Gregory, Johnston, Pratt, Watts & Whatmore, 2009, p. 676). In addition, Knox and Marston (2007) can also be cited in this context. They describe ¡®sense of place¡¯ as ¡°the feelings evoked among people as a result of the experiences and memories they associate with a place and the symbolism they attach to that place. It can also refer to the character

of a place as seen by outsiders: its distinctive physical characteristics and/or its inhabitants¡± (p. 33). In this sense, they argue, a sense of place ¡°is the result of a shared pool of meanings, which carries over into people¡¯s attitudes and feelings about themselves and their localities¡± (p. 33). Knox and Marston (2007) clearly make a distinction between the

sense of place as it develops for insiders on the one hand (for instance through shared dress codes and speech patters, and whereby the concept of lifeworld is important), and for outsiders on the other (when, e.g. local landmarks and ways of life are so distinctive that they ¡°evoke a significant common meaning for people who have no common

experience of them¡± (p. 35). With regard to the relation between the notion of a sense of place and human geography as a scientific discipline, Cloke, Philo and Sadler (1991, p. 81), argue that humanistic geography probably has made its most important contribution by ¡°sensitising numerous researchers (many of whom would not even begin to label

themselves as humanistic geographers) to the everyday and yet often quite intimate attachments all sorts of people [¡­] have to places that encircle them¡±, in order words, to their senses of place. For instance, humanistic geographers such as Yi-Fu Tuan have elaborated on the issue of sense of place further, by developing concepts such as ¡®topophilia¡¯

(love of place) and ¡®topophobia¡¯ (fear of places) (Gregory et al., 2009). As described in the definitions above, the key concepts of sense of place are that they can differ a lot between different actors and that previous memories and experiences with that place/location play a key role in the creation for a sense of place for a specific actor. References

Cloke, P., Philo, C. & Sadler, D. (1991) Approaching Human Geography. London: Chapman. Gregory, D., Johnston, R., Pratt, G., Watts, M. & Whatmore, S. (2009). The Dictionary of Human Geography, 5th edition. London: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing. Knox, P. L. & Marston S. A. (2007). Human Geography: places and regions in global context. New

Jersey: Pearson Education. Contributors Edited by Jan-Peter Hoste Term used in behavioral sciences and urban planning For the George Seddon book, see Sense of Place. The term sense of place has been used in many different ways. It is a multidimensional, complex construct used to characterize the relationship between people and spatial settings.

[1] It is a characteristic that some geographic places have and some do not,[2] while to others it is a feeling or perception held by people (not by the place itself).[3][4] [5] It is often used in relation to those characteristics that make a place special or unique, as well as to those that foster a sense of authentic human attachment and belonging.[6]

Others, such as geographer Yi-Fu Tuan, have pointed to senses of place that are not "positive," such as fear.[7] Some students and educators engage in "place-based education" in order to improve their "sense(s) of place," as well as to use various aspects of place as educational tools in general. The term is used in urban and rural studies in relation to

place-making and place-attachment of communities to their environment or homeland.[8][9]The term sense of place is used to describe how someone perceives and experiences a place or environment.[10] Different places can be experienced in different ways, including "imagined, yearned for, held, remembered, voiced, lived, contested, and struggled

over."[10] Sense of place and belonging are strongly influenced by the groups someone interacts with such as age groups, racial groups, regional groups, educational groups, trade groups, religious groups".[10] Many indigenous cultures are losing their sense of place because of climate change and "ancestral homeland, land rights and retention of

sacred places".[10] Geographic place Cultural geographers, anthropologists, sociologists and urban planners study why certain places hold special meaning to particular people or animals.[11] Places said to have a strong "sense of place" have a strong identity that is deeply felt by inhabitants and visitors.[12][13] Sense of place is a social

phenomenon.[14] Codes aimed at protecting, preserving and enhancing places felt to be of value include "World Heritage Site" designations, the British "Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty" controls and the American "National Historic Landmark" designation. Placelessness Main article: non-place Places that lack a "sense of place" are sometimes

referred to as "placeless" or "inauthentic". Edward Relph, a cultural geographer, investigates the "placelessness" of these locations.[15] Anthropologist Marc Aug¨¦ calls these locations "non-places".[16] Stepping against the kind of reductive thinking that placelessness can lead to, in his book, The Practice of Everyday Life, Jesuit philosopher Michel de

Certeau uses the term "space" (French: espace) to refer to these placeless locations as opposed to "place" (lieu). For de Certeau, "space is merely composed of intersections of mobile elements" that are not in stasis. Place, on the other hand, is space that has been ordered in some way to serve some human need. A park, for instance, is a place that has

been constructed "in accord with which elements are distributed in relationships of coexistence" and therefore "implies an indication of stability".[17] de Certeau's ideas became instrumental in understanding the intersections of power and social relations in the construction of place. For de Certeau, placelessness, or "space" was a site for freedom or

at least it is the site for what Timotheus Vermeulen sees as "potentially anarchic movement"[18] Placeless landscapes are seen as those that have no special relationship to the places in which they are located¡ªthey could be anywhere; roadside strip shopping malls, gas/petrol stations and convenience stores, fast food chains, and chain department

stores have been cited as examples of placeless landscape elements.[19] Some historic sites or districts that have been heavily commercialized for tourism and new housing estates are defined as having lost their sense of place.[20] Gertrude Stein's "there is no there there" has been used as a description of such places.[21] Development of sense of

place Human geographers and social psychologists have studied how a sense of place develops, including the importance of comparisons between places, learning from elders and observing natural disasters and other events. Of particular note is the importance of childhood experiences.[22] Environmental psychologists have quantified links between

exposure to natural environments in childhood and environmental preferences later in life.[23] Learning about surrounding environments during childhood is strongly influenced by the direct experience of playing, as well as through the role of family, culture, and community.[24] The special bond which develops between children and their childhood

environments has been called a "primal landscape" by human geographers.[25] This childhood landscape forms part of an individual's identity and constitutes a key point of comparison for considering subsequent places later in life. As people move around as adults, they tend to consider new places in relation to this baseline landscape experienced

during childhood.[26] In the context of climate change, sense of place and then the awareness of the changes and disaster related destruction of place is leading to emotional experiences of grief and solastalgia. Research states that these emotional experiences that arise are inherently adaptive and recommends collective processing and reflecting on

these in order to increase resilience and a sense of belonging. [27] Usage Sense of place is used as a model for community-based psychosocial support programs.[28][29] See also Genius loci Spirit of place Cultural landscape Non-place Place identity Place attachment Topophilia Yi-Fu Tuan Ian Nairn Marc Aug¨¦ Jane Jacobs References ^ Caves, R. W.

(2004). Encyclopedia of the City. Routledge. p. 590. ISBN 9780415252256. ^ Tuan, Yi-Fu (1977). Space and place: The perspective of experience. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota press. ^ Agnew, J.A.; Duncan, J.S. (1989). The power of place: Bringing together geographical and sociological imaginations. Boston: Unwin Hyman Publishers. ^

Altman, ed., I.; Low, ed., S.M. (1992). Place attachment. Human behavior and environment: Advances in theory and research. New York: Plenum Press.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link) ^ Adams, Jennifer D. (2013). "Theorizing a Sense of Place in a Transnational Community". Children, Youth and Environments. 23 (3): 43¨C65.

doi:10.7721/chilyoutenvi.23.3.0043. ISSN 1546-2250. JSTOR 10.7721/chilyoutenvi.23.3.0043. ^ Casey, E.S. (2001). "Between geography and philosophy: what does it mean to be in place world?". Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 91 (4): 683¨C693. doi:10.1111/0004-5608.00266. S2CID 56055085. ^ Tuan, Yi-Fu (1980). Landscapes of

Fear. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ^ Groat, ed., L. (1995). Giving places meaning: Readings in environmental psychology. San Diego: Academic Press.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link) ^ Adams, Jennifer (2016-05-26). "Sense of Place". The Nature of Cities. Retrieved 2020-03-09. ^ a b c d Basso, Keith. "Sense of Place". Cite journal requires |journal=

(help) ^ Spretnak, C. (1997). The resurgence of the real: Body, nature and place in a hypermodern world. New York: Addison-Wesley Publishers. ^ Bloom, W. (1990). Personal identity, national identity and international relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ^ Allen, J.; Massey, D.; Cochrane, A. (1998). Rethinking the Region. London:

Routledge. ^ Agnew, J. (2002). Making political geography. London: Arnold Press. ^ Relph, Edward (1976). Place and Placelessness. ^ Aug¨¦, Marc (1995). Non-Places: Introduction to an Anthropology of Supermodernity. New York: Verson Books. ^ Michel de Certeau (2002). ""Spaces" and "places"". The Practice of Everyday Life. University of

California Press. p. 117. ISBN 0-520-23699-8. ^ Timotheus Vermeulen. "Space is the Place". Frieze. ^ Davis, Mike (1990). City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles. New York: Vintage Press, Penquin Books. ISBN 9780679738060. ^ Harvey, D.C. (1993). From space to place and back again: reflections on the condition of post modernity.

London: Routledge. ^ Anyone's Autobiography, 1937: see Gertrude Stein. ^ Measham TG (2006) Learning about environments: The significance of primal landscapes, Environmental Management 38(3), pp. 426¨C434 ^ Bixler, R. D., M. F. Floyd, and W. E. Hammitt. (2002). Environmental socialization: Quantitative tests of the childhood play hypothesis,

Environment and Behavior 34(6) pp. 795¨C818 ^ Derr, V (2002). "Children's sense of place in northern New Mexico". Journal of Environmental Psychology. 22 (1¨C2): 125¨C137. doi:10.1006/jevp.2002.0252. ^ Gayton (1996) Landscapes of the Interior: Re-explorations of Nature and the Human Spirit. Gabriola Island, Canada: New Society Publishers ^

Measham, TG (2007) Primal Landscapes: insights for education from empirical research on ways of learning about environments, International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education 16 (4) pp. 339¨C350 ^ Kieft, J.; Bendell, J (2021). "The responsibility of communicating difficult truths about climate influenced societal disruption and

collapse: an introduction to psychological research". Institute for Leadership and Sustainability (IFLAS) Occasional Papers. 7: 1¨C39. ^ Prewitt Diaz, J.O. and Dayal, A. (2008). Sense of Place: A Model for Community Based psychosocial support programs. Australasian Journal of Disaster and Trauma Studies. ^ Chigbu, U.E. (2013). "Fostering rural

sense of place: the missing piece in Uturu, Nigeria". Development in Practice. 23 (2): 264¨C277. doi:10.1080/09614524.2013.772120. S2CID 154138597. Further reading Chigbu, U.E. (2013). Fostering rural sense of place: the missing piece in Uturu, Nigeria. Development In Practice, 23 (2): pp. 264¨C277. View and download article: Alexander,

Christopher. A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction, Oxford University Press, 1977. ISBN 0-19-501919-9 Casey, Edward S. The Fate of Place, University of California Press, 1998. ISBN 0-520-21649-0 Cresswell, T. (2005) Place: a short introduction, Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 1-4051-0672-7 Cresswell, T. (2009). Place. In Thrift, N.,

Kitchen, R., (eds) International Encyclopedia of Human Geography ( pages 384-395. Cross, Jennifer E. (2001). What is Sense of Place? Department of Sociology, Colorado State University [1] Gussow, Alan. 1972. A Sense of Place: The Artist and the American Land. San Francisco: Friends of the Earth. ISBN 1559635681 Hubbard, Phil, Rob Kitchen,

and Gil Valentine, eds. 2004. Key Thinkers on Space and Place. London: Sage. ISBN 0-7619-4963-1 Inge, John A Christian Theology of Place, Ashgate, 2003. ISBN 0-7546-3498-1 Kunstler, James. Geography of Nowhere: The Rise and Decline of America's Man-Made Landscape, Free Press, 1994. ISBN 0-671-88825-0 Lippard, Lucy. The Lure of the

Local: Senses of Place in a Multicentered Society, New Press, 1998. ISBN 978-156584248-9 Long, Joshua. 2010. Weird City: Sense of Place and Creative Resistance in Austin, Texas. University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-72241-9 Massey, Doreen B. 2005. For Space. London: Sage. ISBN 1-4129-0362-9 Relph, E. C. Place and Placelessness, Pion, 1976.

ISBN 0-85086-111-X Roudavski, Stanislav (2008). Staging Places as Performances: Creative Strategies for Architecture (PhD, University of Cambridge) Snyder, Gary. 1996. A Place in Space. Counterpoint. ISBN 1-887178-27-9 Soja, Edward W. 1996. Thirdspace: Journeys to Los Angeles and Other Real-And-Imagined Places. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 155786-675-9 Tuan, Yi Fu. 1977. Space and Place: The Perspective of Experience. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 0-8166-3877-2 Tuan, Yi Fu. 1990. Topophilia: A Study of Environmental Perception, Attitudes and Values. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-07395-X External links A Definition of "Sense of Place"

Research on Place and Space Retrieved from "

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