Name:



Weather Stations Name: ________________________

As you move to your station, you will see information on the topics listed below. Answer the questions using the information in your station area.

Hurricane Names

1. How many named storms did we have during the 2018 hurricane season? (Oscar was the last)

2. The name Katrina was retired, as was Sandy. Look at the 2018 list of hurricane names and tell what name was used to replace Sandy.

3. Will we start our next hurricane season (2019) with a boy name or a girl name? What name is that?

4. If Nadene was a storm that happened in 2018, when would that list of names be used again?

5. Ivan (2004) was retired as a hurricane name. What name was put into its place?

Hurricane Floyd

1. When did Floyd hit the United States…give a date.

2. How strong did Floyd get? What information made it qualify as that strength?

3. Where did Floyd do the most damage (city? state?)

4. How is Hurricane Floyd connected to Hurricane Dennis (of the same season)?

5. What was the total rainfall from Floyd? How does that compare to the annual rainfall for North Carolina?

6. Give at least 5 coordinates (draw them on your hurricane tracking map) to show Floyd’s path.

Hurricane Katrina

1. When did Katrina hit the United States…give a date.

2. How strong did Katrina get? What information made it qualify as that strength?

3. Where did Katrina do the most damage (city? state?)

4. Katrina’s damage actually came AFTER the storm had passed. Explain.

5. Give at least 5 coordinates (draw them on your hurricane tracking map) to show Katrina’s path.

Station Model WS – you may use the back of this paper, but label your work

1. Choose any two of the problems listed and draw them out on your own paper. Use the textbook or the reference guide provided as a resource to find symbols and examples.

Station Model WS 2 – you may use the back of this paper, but label your work

1. Choose any 2 of the problems listed. Draw the picture onto your own paper.

2. Write out what each symbol means…Temp (in Fahrenheit), Temp (in Celsius), Dew Pt. Temperature, Air pressure in millibars, Air pressure in inches, Sky cover, Wind speed, and wind direction.

Reading a weather map – Use the weather map provided (from your green Prentice Hall book pg.157 – ) to answer the following questions.

1. What color represents the highest temperatures? What color represents the lowest temperatures?

2. What city has the highest temperature? What city has the lowest temperature?

3. Where on the map is it raining? Where on the map is it snowing?

4. How many different kinds of fronts are shown on the map?

5. How many areas of low pressure are shown on the map? How many areas of high pressure are shown on the map?

6. What season does this map represent? How do you know?

Resources:

Follow that Hurricane! – NOAA

For the weather station symbols key

Weather stations or centers with mapping (pdf – so look for Adobe files)

Atlantic Names

Atlantic Pronunciation Guide (PDF)

|2017 |2018 |2019 |2020 |2021 |2022 |

|Arlene |Alberto |Andrea |Arthur |Ana |Alex |

|Bret |Beryl |Barry |Bertha |Bill |Bonnie |

|Cindy |Chris |Chantal |Cristobal |Claudette |Colin |

|Don |Debby |Dorian |Dolly |Danny |Danielle |

|Emily |Ernesto |Erin |Edouard |Elsa |Earl |

|Franklin |Florence |Fernand |Fay |Fred |Fiona |

|Gert |Gordon |Gabrielle |Gonzalo |Grace |Gaston |

|Harvey |Helene |Humberto |Hanna |Henri |Hermine |

|Irma |Isaac |Imelda |Isaias |Ida |Ian |

|Jose |Joyce |Jerry |Josephine |Julian |Julia |

|Katia |Kirk |Karen |Kyle |Kate |Karl |

|Lee |Leslie |Lorenzo |Laura |Larry |Lisa |

|Maria |Michael |Melissa |Marco |Mindy |Martin |

|Nate |Nadine |Nestor |Nana |Nicholas |Nicole |

|Ophelia |Oscar |Olga |Omar |Odette |Owen |

|Philippe |Patty |Pablo |Paulette |Peter |Paula |

|Rina |Rafael |Rebekah |Rene |Rose |Richard |

|Sean |Sara |Sebastien |Sally |Sam |Shary |

|Tammy |Tony |Tanya |Teddy |Teresa |Tobias |

|Vince |Valerie |Van |Vicky |Victor |Virginie |

|Whitney |William |Wendy |Wilfred |Wanda |Walter |

Since 1953, Atlantic tropical storms had been named from lists originated by the National Hurricane Center. They are now maintained and updated through a strict procedure by an international committee of the World Meteorological Organization.

The six lists above are used in rotation and re-cycled every six years, i.e., the 2017 list will be used again in 2023. The only time that there is a change in the list is if a storm is so deadly or costly that the future use of its name on a different storm would be inappropriate for reasons of sensitivity. If that occurs, then at an annual meeting by the WMO committee (called primarily to discuss many other issues) the offending name is stricken from the list and another name is selected to replace it. Several names have been retired since the lists were created. Here is more information the history of naming tropical cyclones and retired names.

If a storm forms in the off-season, it will take the next name in the list based on the current calendar date. For example, if a tropical cyclone formed on December 28th, it would take the name from the previous season's list of names. If a storm formed in February, it would be named from the subsequent season's list of names.

In the event that more than twenty-one named tropical cyclones occur in the Atlantic basin in a season, additional storms will take names from the Greek alphabet.

Station Models

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77: Temperature 

68: Dewpoint

998: Pressure, to the nearest tenth of a millibar. Add either a 10 or 9 in front based on which would bring the value closer to 1000. The pressure here is 999.8 millibars (mb).

-03: Pressure tendency the last 3 hours, to the nearest tenth of a millibar. The pressure here has fallen .3 mb the last 3 hours

Middle Circle (filled in w/ mostly black): Cloud cover. It's mostly black showing that this station is mostly cloudy. Technically, this represents a broken sky with 7/8 of the sky covered with clouds.

Black line, extending from circle: Wind barb. It points to where the wind is coming from. The wind here is from the southwest, hence a southwest wind. The two lines extending represent 20 knot winds with each line representing 10 knots.

Symbol between 77 and 68: This is the present weather field and in this case shows that there is a thunderstorm occuring at the station

symbol next to -03: That line is the pressure tendency. The 1st hour the pressure was steady, then fell the last two hours.

Triangle(with a dot above it): Previous weather, or the weather one hour ago. In this case it was a light rain shower.

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Thank you UIUC and Purdue/WXP for the images provided on this page – weather.cod.edu/notes/stnmodel.html

Wikipedia information…gleaned 10-8-13

Hurricane Sandy was the deadliest and most destructive hurricane of the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season, as well as the second-costliest hurricane in United States history. Classified as the eighteenth named storm, tenth hurricane and second major hurricane of the year, Sandy was a Category 3 storm at its peak intensity when it made landfall in Cuba.[1] While it was a Category 2 storm off the coast of the Northeastern United States, the storm became the largest Atlantic hurricane on record (as measured by diameter, with winds spanning 1,100 miles (1,800 km)).[2][3] Estimates as of June 2013 assess damage to have been over $68 billion (2013 USD), a total surpassed only by Hurricane Katrina.[4] At least 286 people were killed along the path of the storm in seven countries.[5] The severe and widespread damage the storm caused in the United States, as well as its unusual merge with a frontal system, resulted in the nicknaming of the hurricane by the media and several organizations of the U.S. government "Superstorm Sandy".[6][7][8][9]

Sandy developed from a tropical wave in the western Caribbean Sea on October 22, quickly strengthened, and was upgraded to Tropical Storm Sandy six hours later. Sandy moved slowly northward toward the Greater Antilles and gradually intensified. On October 24, Sandy became a hurricane, made landfall near Kingston, Jamaica, re-emerged a few hours later into the Caribbean Sea and strengthened into a Category 2 hurricane. On October 25, Sandy hit Cuba as a Category 3 hurricane then weakened to a Category 1 hurricane. Early on October 26, Sandy moved through the Bahamas.[10]On October 27, Sandy briefly weakened to a tropical storm and then re-strengthened to a Category 1 hurricane. Early on October 29, Sandy curved north-northwest and then[11] moved ashore near Brigantine, New Jersey, just to the northeast of Atlantic City, as a post-tropical cyclone with hurricane-force winds.[1]

In Jamaica, winds left 70% of residents without electricity, blew roofs off buildings, killed one, and caused about $100 million (2012 USD) in damage. In Haiti, Sandy's outer bands brought flooding that killed at least 54, caused food shortages, and left about 200,000 homeless. In the Dominican Republic, two died. In Puerto Rico, one man was swept away by a swollen river. In Cuba, there was extensive coastal flooding and wind damage inland, destroying some 15,000 homes, killing 11, and causing $2 billion (2012 USD) in damage. In The Bahamas, two died amid an estimated $700 million (2012 USD) in damage. In Canada, two were killed in Ontario and an estimated $100 million (2012 CAD) in damage was caused throughout Ontario and Quebec.[12]

In the United States, Hurricane Sandy affected 24 states, including the entire eastern seaboard from Florida to Maine and west across the Appalachian Mountains to Michigan and Wisconsin, with particularly severe damage in New Jersey and New York. Its storm surge hit New York City on October 29, flooding streets, tunnels and subway lines and cutting power in and around the city.[13][14] Damage in the United States amounted to $65 billion (2013 USD).[15]

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**This article pairs nicely with the Storm Stories DVD (#5)**

Hurricane Katrina 2005

Katrina was one of the most devastating hurricanes in the history of the United States. It is the deadliest hurricane to strike the United States since the Palm Beach-Lake Okeechobee hurricane of September 1928. It produced catastrophic damage - estimated at $75 billion in the New Orleans area and along the Mississippi coast - and is the costliest U. S. hurricane on record.

This horrific tropical cyclone formed from the combination of a tropical wave, an upper-level trough, and the mid-level remnants of Tropical Depression Ten. A tropical depression formed on August 23 about 200 miles southeast of Nassau in the Bahamas. Moving northwestward, it became Tropical Storm Katrina during the following day about 75 miles east-southeast of Nassau. The storm moved through the northwestern Bahamas on August 24-25, and then turned westward toward southern Florida. Katrina became a hurricane just before making landfall near the Miami-Dade/Broward county line during the evening of August 25. The hurricane moved southwestward across southern Florida into the eastern Gulf of Mexico on August 26. Katrina then strengthened significantly, reaching Category 5 intensity on August 28. Later that day, maximum sustained winds reached 175 mph with an aircraft-measured central pressure of 902 mb while centered about 195 miles southeast of the mouth of the Mississippi River. Katrina turned to the northwest and then north, with the center making landfall near Buras, Louisiana at 1110 UTC August 29 with maximum winds estimated at 125 mph (Category 3). Continuing northward, the hurricane made a second landfall near the Louisiana/Mississippi border at 1445 UTC with maximum winds estimated at 120 mph (Category 3). Weakening occurred as Katrina moved north-northeastward over land, but it was still a hurricane near Laurel, Mississippi. The cyclone weakened to a tropical depression over the Tennessee Valley on 30 August. Katrina became an extratropical low on August 31 and was absorbed by a frontal zone later that day over the eastern Great Lakes.

Katrina brought hurricane conditions to southeastern Louisiana, southern Mississippi, and southwestern Alabama. The Coastal Marine Automated Network (C-MAN) station at Grand Isle, Louisiana reported 10-minute average winds of 87 mph at 0820 UTC August 29 with a gust to 114 mph. Higher winds likely occurred there and elsewhere, as many stations were destroyed, lost power, or lost communications during the storm. Storm surge flooding of 25 to 28 feet above normal tide level occurred along portions of the Mississippi coast, with storm surge flooding of 10 to 20 feet above normal tide levels along the southeastern Louisiana coast. Hurricane conditions also occurred over southern Florida and the Dry Tortugas. The National Hurricane Center reported sustained winds of 69 mph at 0115 UTC August 26 with a gust to 87 mph. Additionally, tropical storm conditions occurred along the northern Gulf coast as far east as the coast of the western Florida Panhandle, as well as in the Florida Keys. Katrina caused 10 to 14 inches of rain over southern Florida, and 8 to 12 inches of rain along its track inland from the northern Gulf coast. Thirty-three tornadoes were reported from the storm.

Katrina is responsible for approximately 1200 reported deaths, including about 1000 in Louisiana and 200 in Mississippi. Seven additional deaths occurred in southern Florida. Katrina caused catastrophic damage in southeastern Louisiana and southern Mississippi. Storm surge along the Mississippi coast caused total destruction of many structures, with the surge damage extending several miles inland. Similar damage occurred in portions of southeastern Louisiana southeast of New Orleans. The surge overtopped and breached levees in the New Orleans metropolitan area, resulting in the inundation of much of the city and its eastern suburbs. Wind damage from Katrina extended well inland into northern Mississippi and Alabama. The hurricane also caused wind and water damage in Miami-Dade and Broward counties.

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**This article pairs nicely with the Storm Stories DVD (#3)**

Hurricane Ivan 2004

Ivan developed from a large tropical wave that crossed the west coast of Africa on August 31, and spawned a tropical depression two days later. The depression reached storm strength on September 3rd (one of only a dozen on record to do so south of 10EN) and continued to strengthen. By the 5th , Ivan had become a hurricane about 1150 miles east of the southern Windward Islands. Eighteen hours later Ivan became the southernmost storm to reach major hurricane status, at 10.2EN. Ivan was a category 3 hurricane when the center passed about 7 miles south of Grenada, a path that took the northern eyewall of Ivan directly over the island. In the Caribbean, Ivan became a category 5 hurricane, with winds of 160 m.p.h., on the 9th when it was south of the Dominican Republic, and on two occasions the minimum pressure fell to 910 mb. The center of Ivan passed within about 20 miles of Jamaica on the 11th and a similar distance from Grand Cayman on the 12th , with Grand Cayman likely experiencing sustained winds of category 4 strength. Ivan then turned to the northwest and passed through the Yucatan channel on the 14th , bringing hurricane conditions to extreme western Cuba. Ivan moved across the east-central Gulf of Mexico, making landfall as a major hurricane with sustained winds of near 120 m.p.h. on the 16th just west of Gulf Shores, Alabama.

Ivan weakened as it moved inland, producing over 100 tornadoes and heavy rains across much of the southeastern United States, before merging with a frontal system over the Delmarva Peninsula on the 18th. While this would normally be the end of the story, the extratropical remnant low of Ivan split off from the frontal system and drifted southward in the western Atlantic for several days, crossed southern Florida, and re-entered the Gulf of Mexico on the 21st. The low re-acquired tropical characteristics, becoming a tropical storm for the second time on the 22nd in the central Gulf. Ivan weakened before it made its final landfall in southwestern Louisiana as a tropical depression on the 24th.

Ivan's storm surge completely over-washed the island of Grand Cayman, where an estimated 95% of the buildings were damaged or destroyed. Surge heights of 10-15 feet occurred along the Gulf coast during Ivan's first U.S. landfall. Peak rainfall amounts in the Caribbean and United States were generally 10-15 inches. The death toll from Ivan stands at 92 - 39 in Grenada, 25 in the United States, 17 in Jamaica, 4 in Dominican Republic, 3 in Venezuela, 2 in the Cayman Islands, and 1 each in Tobago and Barbados. U.S. damage is estimated to be near $14.2 billion, the third largest total on record.

The National Hurricane Center also maintains the official Tropical Cyclone Report for Hurricane Ivan. 

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**This article pairs nicely with the Storm Stories DVD (#2)**

Hurricane Floyd

Floyd was first detected as a tropical wave that moved off the African coast on September 2, 1999. The system developed into a tropical depression over the tropical Atlantic on September 7. Moving steadily west-northwestward, the system became a tropical storm the next day and a hurricane on the 10th. A northwestward turn late on the 10th was followed by a westward turn on the 12th, with the second turn marking the time Floyd started strengthening in earnest. It became a Category 4 hurricane on September 13 as it approached the central Bahama Islands. A west-northwestward turn late on the 13th took the center through the northeastern Bahamas. This was followed by a gradual turn to the north-northeast, which brought the center to the North Carolina coast near Cape Fear on September 16 as a Category 2 hurricane. Floyd continued north-northeastward along the coast of the Mid-Atlantic into New England, where the storm became extratropical on the 17th. The remnants of Floyd merged with a large non-tropical low on September 19.

While wind gusts of 120 mph and storm surges of 9 to 10 ft were reported from the North Carolina coast, Floyd will be most remembered in the United States for its rainfall. The combination of Floyd and a frontal system over the eastern United States produced widespread rainfalls in excess of 10 inches from North Carolina northeastward, with amounts as high as 19.06 inches in Wilmington, North Carolina and 13.70 inches at Brewster, New York. These rains, aided by rains from Tropical Storm Dennis two weeks earlier, caused widespread severe flooding that caused the majority of the $3 to 6 billion in damage caused by Floyd. These floods also were responsible for 50 of the 56 deaths caused by Floyd in the United States. Floyd also caused damage in the Bahamas, with one death reported.

The National Hurricane Center also maintains the official Tropical Cyclone Report for Hurricane Floyd (PDF).

Weather Station Model - Helpful Hints

1. Fahrenheit to Celsius…Use a calculator. Plug in the number that you have been given for the “F” in the equation shown here:

(°F  -  32)  x  5/9 = °C

For example, if the temperature reads 77, then you would fill in the equation as such:

(77-32) x 5/9 = C

Remember to use the appropriate order of operations (PEMDAS) and your final answer should be the temperature in Celsius.

2. Convert the station model air pressure code into millibars. The given number is a form of millibars, but you have to put in the decimals. Anything above 1000 is written without the leading 10. Anything below (like 999) is written without the leading 9. And the number usually is carried over to the tenths place – so you should put a decimal to the left of the last number. For example, 990 would become 999.0 because you put in the decimal and added a 9 to the front.

3. When converting from millibars into inches…read the information below:

1013.25 millibars is equal to 29.92 inches of mercury. These values are the average sea level pressure in each unit. To convert between the two units cross multiplication algebra can be used.

This will involve setting the two values as a ratio to each other and then putting the known value on the other side of the equation. The unknown will also be on the other side of the equation and either in the numerator or denominator. If mb is on top on one side of the equation then it must be on top on the other side of the equation. The same works for inches of mercury.

For example -

Suppose we want to know what 1034 mb is in inches of mercury.

1013.25 mb / 29.92 inches of mercury = 1034 mb / ?

Or

1013.25 mb = 1034 mb

29.92 in x

29.2 x 1034 = 30,192.8 and I have to set it up to be equivalent to 1013.25 x ?

So my new equation reads:

30,192.8 = 1013.25 x ?

If I divide both sides by 1013.25, then I get my answer…

30,192.8 / 1013.25 = 29.797 (and I would just round to 29.8) inches

Station Model WS 1 Name:________________________ Period:________

Draw the station models for the following:

temp 30ºF

sleet

DPT 29ºF

wind 10kt

NW

press. 1012.0

temp 54ºF

DPT 41ºF

wind 15kt

E

press. 1013.2

clouds 25%

temp 78ºF

rain

DPT 78ºF

.14" of rain in last 6hrs

wind 0kt

press. 986.4

cloudy

temp 15ºF

snow

DPT 15ºF

wind 35kt

NE

cloudy

press. 1006.5

temp 22ºF

DPT 18ºF

press. 1021.0

Station Models WS Name:_________________ Period:___________

Decode the following Station Models and fill out the chart. See the helpful hints at the station. You will likely need a calculator. Choose to do any 2 of the following weather station models.

• Convert (F into (C. (°F  -  32)  x  5/9 = °C

• Convert the station model air pressure code into millibars.

• Convert millibars into Inches

| | | | | | | | | |

| |Temp (F |Temp (C |Dew Pt. Temp |Air Press. mb.|Air Press. In.|Sky Cover |Wind Speed |Wind Direct |

| | | |(F | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | | |

|A | | | | | | | | |

|[pic] | | | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | | |

|B[pic] | | | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | | |

|C[pic] | | | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | | |

|D[pic] | | | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | | |

|E[pic] | | | | | | | | |

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