Benson
Jimmy Carter
Vice president: Walter Mondale
Date of term(s): 1977-1981
Political party: Democrat
Past political experience: Former Governor of Georgia (ran as Washington outsider)
| |-Advocated energy conservation and passed the National Energy Act to combat the energy crisis |
|DOMESTIC |created by OPEC |
|POLICIES/ISSUES |-Pushed for nuclear energy, but the Three Mile Island Incident scared Americans |
| | |
| |-Human rights issues were the foundation of his foreign policy |
|FOREIGN POLICIES/ISSUES |-Signed two treaties promising to turn over control of the Panama Canal in 1999 |
| |-Cut off aid to Argentina and Chile because of human rights violations |
| |-Officially recognized China (1979) |
| |-Initiated the SALT II Treaty (1979), but after the USSR attacked Afghanistan later that year, the |
| |treaty died in Congress |
| |-Soviet invasion of Afghanistan led Carter to cut off grain exports to the USSR, boycott the 1980 |
| |Olympics in Moscow, fund Afghan rebels (Taliban), and end detente |
| |*Negotiated the Camp David Accords (1978) peace between Egypt and Israel |
| |*Iran Hostage Crisis (1979)—Ayatollah Khomeini overthrew the U.S. supported Shah and the U.S. |
| |allowed the Shah to come to the U.S.; therefore 52 Americans were taken hostage at our embassy in |
| |Tehran for 444 days; failed to negotiate release or rescue hostages |
| |-U.S. standard of living declined for the first time since WWII |
|ECONOMIC TRENDS |-Proposed voluntary price freezes and cut spending in an attempt to deal with the worsening economy|
| |-Dramatically increased interest rates |
| |-Pushed for oil conservation to combat economic recession |
|MAJOR SUPREME COURT CASES | Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) rolled back affirmative action by deciding|
| |that college admissions could not be based on race alone. |
| |-By the end of the 1970s, Carter talked about a “moral and spiritual crisis” in America; which |
|SOCIAL CHANGES |Reagan and the Conservative Coalition would capitalize on in the 1980s |
|(INC. WOMEN & AFRICAN-AMERICAN |-Ethnic diversity within the U.S. grew dramatically, aided by refugees from SE Asia and Cuba |
|RIGHTS) |(illegal immigration also rose) |
| |-Mexican-American civil rights movement continued |
| | |
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