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Materials for Experiment 2, Sensitivity to parasitic gaps inside subject islands in native and non-native sentence processingMAIN CONDITIONSA: PLAUSIBLE; NON-FINITEB: PLAUSIBLE; FINITEC: IMPLAUSIBLE; NON-FINITED: IMPLAUSIBLE; FINITEPSEUDO-EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONSE: GAPLESS; NON-FINITE F: GAPLESS; FINITE A local teacher was upset.It was not clear which boys [the plan to irritate cruelly and foolishly the angry teacher who hated all the episodes of misbehaviour] would involve_ after all. It was not clear which boys [the plan that irritated cruelly and foolishly the angry teacher who hated all the episodes of misbehaviour] would involve_ after all. It was not clear which toys [the plan to irritate cruelly and foolishly the angry teacher who hated all the episodes of misbehaviour] would involve_ after all. It was not clear which toys [the plan that irritated cruelly and foolishly the angry teacher who hated all the episodes of misbehaviour] would involve_ after all. It was not clear that [the plan to irritate cruelly and foolishly the angry teacher who hated all the episodes of misbehaviour] would involve those boys after all. It was not clear that [the plan that irritated cruelly and foolishly the angry teacher who hated all the episodes of misbehaviour] would involve those boys after all. Question: Is there a plan to irritate a teacher?A famous restaurant in London was preparing to celebrate after some good news.The manager wondered which waiter [the party to congratulate with great warmth the creative cook who won an award for his sausages] would inspire _ following some comments from customers. The manager wondered which waiter [the party that congratulated with great warmth the creative cook who won an award for his sausages] would inspire_ following some comments from customers.The manager wondered which menu [the party to congratulate with great warmth the creative cook who won an award for his sausages] would inspire_ following some comments from customers. The manager wondered which menu [the party that congratulated with great warmth the creative cook who won an award for his sausages] would inspire_ following some comments from customers.The manager wondered if [the party to congratulate with great warmth the creative cook who won an award for his sausages] would inspire the waiter following some comments from customers.The manager wondered if [the party that congratulated with great warmth the creative cook who won an award for his sausages] would inspire the waiter following some comments from customers. Question: Was the party for the manager?The family down the street had hired some entertainment for their child’s birthday celebrations.It was obvious which mother [the plan to embarrass suddenly and silently the young children who watched the clown’s amazing performance] might include_ given their backgrounds as practical jokers.It was obvious which mother [the plan that embarrassed suddenly and silently the young children who watched the clown’s amazing performance] might include_ given their backgrounds as practical jokers. It was obvious which trick [the plan to embarrass suddenly and silently the young children who watched the clown’s amazing performance] might include_ given their backgrounds as practical jokers.It was obvious which trick [the plan that embarrassed suddenly and silently the young children who watched the clown’s amazing performance] might include_ given their backgrounds as practical jokers. It was obvious that [the plan to embarrass suddenly and silently the young children who watched the clown’s amazing performance] might include one particular mother given their backgrounds as practical jokers.It was obvious that [the plan that embarrassed suddenly and silently the young children who watched the clown’s amazing performance] might include one particular mother given their backgrounds as practical jokers. Question: Was there a plan to embarrass the children?People were campaigning for local government to make travel free for anyone under-fives. The bus driver realised which children [the plan to persuade during the debate the very large council with the massive grand offices] could benefit_ in times of government cut-backs.The bus driver realised which children [the plan that persuaded during the debate the very large council with the massive grand offices] could benefit_ in times of government cut-backs. The bus driver realised which bus routes [the plan to persuade during the debate the very large council with the massive grand offices] could benefit_ in times of government cut-backs.The bus driver realised which bus routes [the plan that persuaded during the debate the very large council with the massive grand offices] could benefit_ in times of government cut-backs.The bus driver realised that [the plan to persuade during the debate the very large council with the massive grand offices] could benefit many children in times of government cut-backs.The bus driver realised that [the plan that persuaded during the debate the very large council with the massive grand offices] could benefit many children in times of government cut-backs. Question: Did the bus driver realise how the plan could be of benefit?In a small Canadian town, there was always a general concern for the environment.The local people knew which animals [the proposal to capture without special equipment the wild bears that spent most of the summer up trees] would encourage destruction of_ and they didn’t like it one bit.The local people knew which animals [the proposal that captured without special equipment the wild bears that spent most of summer up trees] would encourage destruction of_ and they didn’t like it one bit.The local people knew which habitat [the proposal to capture without special equipment the wild bears that spent most of summer up trees] would encourage destruction of_ and they didn’t like it one bit.The local people knew which habitat [the proposal that captured without special equipment the wild bears that spent most of summer up trees] would encourage destruction of_ and they didn’t like it one bit. The local people knew that [the proposal to capture the wild bears that spent most of summer up trees] would encourage destruction of many bears and they didn’t like it one bit.The local people knew that [the proposal that captured the wild bears that spent most of summer up trees] would encourage destruction of many bears and they didn’t like it one bit.Question: Did the local people capture wild bears?With education funding what it is, universities have had to lower standards.The professor realised which students [the plan to enrol carelessly and repeatedly the unknown people with very bad exam marks] could encourage_ but the University wanted full lecture halls.The professor realised which students [the plan that enrolled carelessly and repeatedly the unknown people with very bad exam marks] could encourage_ but the University wanted full lecture halls. The professor realised which complaints [the plan to enrol carelessly and repeatedly the unknown people with very bad exam marks] could encourage_ but the University wanted full lecture halls. The professor realised which complaints [the plan that enrolled carelessly and repeatedly the unknown people with very bad exam marks] could encourage_ but the University wanted full lecture halls.The professor realised that [the plan to enrol carelessly and repeatedly the unknown people with very bad exam marks] could encourage worse students but the University wanted full lecture halls.The professor realised that [the plan that enrolled carelessly and repeatedly the unknown people with very bad exam marks] could encourage worse students but the University wanted full lecture halls.Question: Was there a plan to enrol good students?Every effort is being made to get people who have committed crimes back to a decent living.The policeman knew which prisoners [the activities to inspire massively and cleverly the sensible criminals who want a life inside of the law] would help_ because the training programmes available included a gardening club. The policeman knew which prisoners [the activities that inspired massively and cleverly the sensible criminals who want a life inside of the law] would help_ because the training programmes available included a gardening club. The policeman knew which houseplants [the activities to inspire massively and cleverly the sensible criminals who want a life inside of the law] would help_ because the training programmes included a gardening club. The policeman knew which houseplants [the activities that inspired massively and cleverly the sensible criminals who want a life inside of the law] would help_ because the training programmes included a gardening club.The policeman knew that [the activities to inspire massively and cleverly the sensible criminals who want a life inside of the law] would help particular prisoners because the training programmes available included a gardening club.The policeman knew that [the activities that inspired massively and cleverly the sensible criminals who want a life inside of the law] would help particular prisoners because the training programmes available included a gardening club.Question: Are the activities to inspire the policemen?With the prices of beer being what they are, the expectations of pubs are at an all-time high.The pub owner guessed which customers [the campaign to warn quickly and quietly the horrible people with loud and annoying habits] might upset_ and harm the pub.The pub owner guessed which customers [the campaign that warned quickly and quietly the horrible people with loud and annoying habits] might upset_ and harm the pub. The pub owner guessed which atmosphere [the campaign to warn quickly and quietly the horrible people with loud and annoying habits] might upset_ and harm the pub. The pub owner guessed which atmosphere [the campaign that warned quickly and quietly the horrible people with loud and annoying habits] might upset_ and harm the pub.The pub owner guessed that [the campaign to warn quickly and quietly the horrible people with loud and annoying habits] might upset certain customers and harm the pub.The pub owner guessed that [the campaign that warned quickly and quietly the horrible people with loud and annoying habits] might upset certain customers and harm the pub.Question: Was the campaign to warn the horrible people?People do not seem to have much money for pets these days.It was quite clear which parrot [the plan to silence with great urgency the pet shop manager with the very unfriendly manner] might have sold_ thanks to the sales assistant.It was quite clear which parrot [the plan that silenced with great urgency the pet shop manager with the very unfriendly manner] might have sold_ thanks to the sales assistant. It was quite clear which dog food [the plan to silence with great urgency the pet shop manager with the very unfriendly manner] might have sold_ thanks to the sales assistant.It was quite clear which dog food [the plan that silenced with great urgency the pet shop manager with the unfriendly manner] might have sold_ thanks to the sales assistant. It was quite clear that [the plan to silence with great urgency the pet shop manager with the very unfriendly manner] might have sold the noisy parrot thanks to the sales assistant.It was quite clear that [the plan that silenced with great urgency the pet shop manager with the very unfriendly manner] might have sold the noisy parrot thanks to the sales assistant. Question: Might the plan have sold things in the pet shop?As medical treatments get more advanced, it is becoming harder to find money to finance them.The doctor wondered which business man [the scheme to cure carefully and speedily the sick people who lived in the nearby town] secured money for_ thanks to the local council.The doctor wondered which business man [the scheme that cured carefully and speedily the sick people who lived in the nearby town] secured money for_ thanks to the local council.The doctor wondered which drugs company [the scheme to cure carefully and speedily the sick people who lived in the nearby town] secured money for_ thanks to the local council. The doctor wondered which drugs company [the scheme that cured carefully and speedily the sick people who lived in the nearby town] secured money for_ thanks to the local council. The doctor wondered if [the scheme to cure carefully and speedily the sick people who lived in the nearby town] secured money for a rich business man thanks to the local council. The doctor wondered if [the scheme that cured carefully and speedily the sick people who lived in the nearby town] secured money for a rich business man thanks to the local council. Question: Did the scheme secure some money?The Zoo in California expanded its tiger breeding programme because of a decline in population numbers.The zoo keeper understood which rare aggressive tiger [the scheme to capture during mating season the large cats that come from South Africa] might upset_ given the layout of the zoo. The zoo keeper understood which rare aggressive tiger [the scheme that captured during mating season the large cats that come from South Africa] might upset_ given the layout of the zoo.The zoo keeper understood which animal rights group [the scheme to capture during mating season the large cats that come from South Africa] might upset_ given the layout of the zoo.The zoo keeper understood which animal rights group [the scheme that captured during mating season the large cats that come from South Africa] might upset_ given the layout of the zoo.The zoo keeper understood that [the scheme to capture during mating season the large cats that come from South Africa] might upset the rare aggressive tiger given the layout of the zoo. The zoo keeper understood that [the scheme that captured during mating season the large cats that come from South Africa] might upset the rare aggressive tiger given the layout of the zoo. Question: Did the zoo keeper understand that the scheme might be upsetting? Because of staff shortages, many hospitals have started hiring.It was really obvious which nurses [the scheme to supervise continuously and intensively the new staff of the small local hospital] might prevent_ from doing any harm to the patients. It was really obvious which nurses [the scheme that supervised continuously and intensely the new staff of the small local hospital] might prevent_ from doing any harm to the patients. It was really obvious which diseases [the scheme to supervise continuously and intensely the new staff of the small local hospital] might prevent_ from doing any harm to the patients.It was really obvious which diseases [the scheme that supervised continuously and intensely the new staff of the small local hospital] might prevent_ from doing any harm to the patients. It was really obvious that [the scheme to supervise continuously and intensely the new staff of the small local hospital] might prevent the bad nurses from doing any harm to the patients.It was really obvious that [the scheme that supervised continuously and intensely the new staff of the small local hospital] might prevent the bad nurses from doing any harm to the patients. Question: Did the scheme harm the patients? A newspaper article reported more programmes for getting older and younger people to do things together were springing up. All the parents wondered which children [the activities to entertain on Tuesday afternoons the many residents at the local old people’s home] could involve_ because a lot of schools agreed to participate.All the parents wondered which children [the activities that entertained on Tuesday afternoons the many residents at the local old people’s home] could involve_ because a lot of schools agreed to participate.All the parents wondered which schemes [the activities to entertain on Tuesday afternoons the many residents at the local old people’s home] could involve_ because a lot of schools agreed to participate.All the parents wondered which schemes [the activities that entertained on Tuesday afternoons the many residents at the local old people’s home] could involve_ because a lot of schools agreed to participate. All the parents wondered if [the activities to entertain on Tuesday afternoons the many residents at the local old people’s home] could involve their children because a lot of schools agreed to participate.All the parents wondered if [the activities that entertained on Tuesday afternoons the many residents at the local old people’s home] could involve their children because a lot of schools agreed to participate. Question: Were the activities to entertain the residents of the old people’s home? One effect of global business partnerships has been the rise in air travel between Europe and North America. It was clear which airports [the proposal to expand hugely and thoroughly the small number of airline services that pass through Germany] might involve_ and it was also likely that several new runways would have to be built.It was clear which airports [the proposal that expanded hugely and thoroughly the small number of airline services that pass through Germany] might involve_ and it was also likely that several new runways would have to be built.It was clear which passengers [the proposal to expand hugely and thoroughly the small number of airline services that pass through Germany] might involve_ and it was also likely that several new runways would have to be built.It was clear which passengers [the proposal that expanded hugely and thoroughly the small number of airline services that pass through Germany] might involve_ and it was likely that several new runways would have to be built. It was clear that [the proposal to expand hugely and thoroughly the small number of airline services that pass through Germany] might involve airports around Berlin and it was likely that several new runways would have to be built.It was clear that [the proposal that expanded hugely and thoroughly the small number of airline services that pass through Germany] might involve airports around Berlin and it was likely that several new runways would have to be built. Question: Is the proposal to expand the number of services in Germany?A rapid increase in population around the town has meant the need for more housing.The builder understood which project [the plan to continue rapidly and ambitiously the large development of many new apartment blocks] could benefit_ and that would provide a lot of extra business. The builder understood which project [the plan that continued rapidly and ambitiously the large development of many new apartment blocks] could benefit_ and that would provide a lot of extra business. The builder understood which people [the plan to continue rapidly and ambitiously the large development of many new apartment blocks] could benefit_ and that would provide a lot of extra business.The builder understood which people [the plan that continued rapidly and ambitiously the large development of many new apartment blocks] could benefit_ and that would provide a lot of extra business. The builder understood that [the plan to continue rapidly and ambitiously the large development of many new apartment blocks] could benefit the large project and that would provide a lot of extra business.The builder understood that [the plan that continued rapidly and ambitiously the large development of many new apartment blocks] could benefit the large project and that would provide a lot of extra business. Question: Did the builder understand how the plan could be of benefit? The new manager of the department store wanted to change the way the business presented itself. The sales assistant knew which products [the policy to create in several days the colourful display in the large window of the shop] would involve_ because customers are always attracted to brightly coloured things. The sales assistant knew which products [the policy that created in several days the colourful display in the large window of the shop] would involve_ because customers are always attracted to brightly coloured things.The sales assistant knew which people [the policy to create in several days the colourful display in the large window of the shop] would involve_ because customers are always attracted to brightly coloured things.The sales assistant knew which people [the policy that created in several days the colourful display in the large window of the shop] would involve_ because customers are always attracted to brightly coloured things.The sales assistant knew that [the policy to create in several days the colourful display in the large window of the shop] would involve the yellow products because customers are always attracted to brightly coloured things.The sales assistant knew that [the policy that created in several days the colourful display in the large window of the shop] would involve the yellow products because customers are always attracted to brightly coloured things.Question: Was the policy to involve the customers? Too many young people get distracted at school, so new ideas to maintain interest levels were always welcomed.All the teachers realised which students [the plan to teach positively and playfully the new pupils who liked using fancy laptop computers in classes] might benefit_ since the shiny new machines brighten up any room. All the teachers realised which students [the plan that taught positively and playfully the new pupils who liked using fancy laptop computers in classes] might benefit_ since the shiny new machines brighten up any room. All the teachers realised which classrooms [the plan to teach positively and playfully the new pupils who liked using fancy laptop computers in classes] might benefit_ since the shiny new machines brighten up any room.All the teachers realised which classrooms [the plan that taught positively and playfully the new pupils who liked using fancy laptop computers in classes] might benefit_ since the shiny new machines brighten up any room.All the teachers realised that [the plan to teach positively and playfully the new pupils who liked using fancy laptop computers in classes] might benefit certain unhappy students since the shiny new machines brighten up any room.All the teachers realised that [the plan that taught positively and playfully the new pupils who liked using fancy laptop computers in classes] might benefit certain unhappy students since the shiny new machines brighten up any room.Question: Did the teachers realise how the plan might be of benefit? Many train companies have started taking special measures to combat dirty carriages.The train driver knew which people [the scheme to employ during peak times the cheap services of a larger and better cleaning company] might benefit_ because many of the seats on-board are often in a filthy state. The train driver knew which people [the scheme that employed during peak times the cheap services of a larger and better cleaning company] might benefit_ because many of the seats on-board are often in a filthy state.The train driver knew which cabins [the scheme to employ during peak times the cheap services of a larger and better cleaning company] might benefit_ because many of the seats on-board are often in a filthy state.The train driver knew which cabins [the scheme that employed during peak times the cheap services of a larger and better cleaning company] might benefit_ because many of the seats on-board are often in a filthy state.The train driver knew that [the scheme to employ during peak times the cheap services of a larger and better cleaning company] might benefit lots of people because many of the seats on-board are often in a filthy state.The train driver knew that [the scheme that employed during peak times the cheap services of a larger and better cleaning company] might benefit lots of people because many of the seats on-board are often in a filthy state.Question: Was the scheme intended to employ the train driver? Recent research findings reveal some medical conditions are cured quicker by giving sufferers more to eat.The cook wondered which meals [the plan to provide regularly and rightfully the bigger portions of healthy, tasty and nutritious food] might include_ as the whole scheme would require a lot of extra work.The cook wondered which meals [the plan that provided regularly and rightfully the bigger portions of healthy, tasty and nutritious food] might include_ as the whole scheme would require a lot of extra work. The cook wondered which illnesses [the plan to provide regularly and rightfully the bigger portions of healthy, tasty and nutritious food] might include_ as the whole scheme would require a lot of extra work. The cook wondered which illnesses [the plan that provided regularly and rightfully the bigger portions of healthy, tasty and nutritious food] might include_ as the whole scheme would require a lot of extra work.The cook wondered if [the plan to provide regularly and rightfully the bigger portions of healthy, tasty and nutritious food] might include desserts as the whole scheme would require a lot of extra work.The cook wondered if [the plan that provided regularly and rightfully the bigger portions of healthy, tasty and nutritious food] might include desserts as the whole scheme would require a lot of extra work. Question: Might the plan include the cook?A local farm has recently installed an automatic system to look after the animals.The farmer knew which animals [the plan to feed generously and frequently the fluffy sheep that live in the hilly fields] could disturb_ because the water hose always makes loud noises.The farmer knew which animals [the plan that fed generously and frequently the fluffy sheep that live in the surrounding fields] could disturb_ because the water hose always makes loud noises. The farmer knew which houses [the plan to feed generously and frequently the fluffy sheep that live in the surrounding fields] could disturb_ because the water hose always makes loud noises.The farmer knew which houses [the plan that fed generously and frequently the fluffy sheep that live in the surrounding fields] could disturb_ because the water hose always makes loud noises.The farmer knew that [the plan to feed generously and frequently the fluffy sheep that live in the surrounding fields] could disturb the horses because the water hose always makes loud noises.The farmer knew that [the plan that fed generously and frequently the fluffy sheep that live in the surrounding fields] could disturb the horses because the water hose always makes loud noises.Question: Was the plan to feed the fluffy sheep? The editor of a national newspaper has recently left his job. A replacement had to be found quickly.It was made clear which person [the proposal to persuade cleverly and thoughtfully the good journalist who often had great ideas] would help_ in making the newspaper one of the best on the market.It was made clear which person [the proposal that persuaded cleverly and thoughtfully the good journalist who often had great ideas] would help_ in making the newspaper one of the best on the market. It was made clear which plans [the proposal to persuade cleverly and thoughtfully the good journalist who often had great ideas] would help_ in making the newspaper one of the best on the market.It was made clear which plans [the proposal that persuaded cleverly and thoughtfully the good journalist who often had great ideas] would help_ in making the newspaper one of the best on the market. It was made clear that [the proposal to persuade cleverly and thoughtfully the good journalist who often had great ideas] would help the company’s chairman in making the newspaper one of the best on the market.It was made clear that [the proposal that persuaded cleverly and thoughtfully the good journalist who often had great ideas] would help the company’s chairman in making the newspaper one of the best on the market. Question: Did the proposal persuade the newspaper?The school had received word that a student was planning on sneaking answers into the exam.The teachers wondered whose paper [their plan to remove with great speed the tiny book which contained the correct answers] would wreck_ because using such things is considered cheating.The teachers wondered whose paper [their plan that removed with great speed the tiny book which contained the correct answers] would wreck_ because using such things is considered cheating.The teachers wondered whose future [their plan to remove with great speed the tiny book which contained the correct answers] would wreck_ because using such things is considered cheating.The teachers wondered whose future [their plan that removed with great speed the tiny book which contained the correct answers] would wreck_ because using such things is considered cheating.The teachers wondered if [their plan to remove with great speed the tiny book which contained the correct answers] would wreck one particular student’s exam paper because using such things is considered cheating.The teachers wondered if [their plan that removed with great speed the tiny book which contained the correct answers] would wreck one particular student’s exam paper because using such things is considered cheating.Question: Was the plan to remove the teachers?Since most people in big companies go out to eat in break times these days, the timetable for cleaning was recently changed.Many of the cleaners knew whose office [the scheme to close during lunch breaks the main bathroom which usually needs cleaning all over] would benefit_ since the fourth floor of the building is by far the busiest. Many of the cleaners knew whose office [the scheme that closed during lunch breaks the main bathroom which usually needs cleaning all over] would benefit_ since the fourth floor of the building is by far the busiest.Many of the cleaners knew whose staff [the scheme to close during lunch breaks the main bathroom which usually needs cleaning all over] would benefit_ since the fourth floor of the building is by far the busiest.Many of the cleaners knew whose staff [the scheme that closed during lunch breaks the main bathroom which usually needs cleaning all over] would benefit_ since the fourth floor of the building is by far the busiest. Many of the cleaners knew that [the scheme to close during lunch breaks the main bathroom which usually needs cleaning all over] would benefit the office on the fourth floor since the fourth floor of the building is by far the busiest.Many of the cleaners knew that [the scheme that closed during lunch breaks the main bathroom which usually needs cleaning all over] would benefit the office on the fourth floor since the fourth floor of the building is by far the busiest.Question: Did many of the cleaners know who the scheme might benefit?Many towns compete over light displays around the festive season.It was not clear whose computer [the plan to switch on with great speed the colourful Christmas lights that had beautiful patterns] made use of_ since it required a lot of programming. It was not clear whose computer [the plan that switched on with great speed the colourful Christmas lights that had beautiful patterns] made use of_ since it required a lot of programming. It was not clear whose background [the plan to switch on with great speed the colourful Christmas lights that had beautiful patterns] made use of_ since it required a lot of programming.It was not clear whose background [the plan that switched on with great speed the colourful Christmas lights that had beautiful patterns] made use of_ since it required a lot of programming. It was not clear if [the plan to switch on with great speed the colourful Christmas lights that had beautiful patterns] made use of the organiser’s computer since it required a lot of programming.It was not clear if [the plan that switched on with great speed the colourful Christmas lights that had beautiful patterns] made use of the organiser’s computer since it required a lot of programming.Question: Did the plan make use of a computer? EXAMPLES OF FILLER ITEMSIt is getting harder to get customers into shops these days. The shop keeper explained which products the idea to place in the shop window would sell plenty of.Question: Did the shop keeper explain an idea?Mathew’s granny often ruined people’s clothes when she washed them. Mathew discovered whose jumper his granny repaired after damaging.The council were starting to worry about the cat population in some districts. Lots of local residents realised which cats the old woman’s feeding had attracted to the area.Question: Did the old woman’s feeding attract cats?Many dog owners wondered which breeds the council’s moaning about might endanger.The professional race-car driver drove rather fast the Porsche that the makers had given him to test drive around a few circuits for a couple of weeks.Question: Did the driver drive a Porsche?Rich people hire lots of lawyers when in court as it improves their chances of winning. Several lawyers presented quickly the case for the claimant who had enough money to hire a whole team of representatives.Some newspapers sent their reporters undercover. One reporter watched the boss of the gangsters who were wearing black suits and sunglasses.Rumours were spreading around the office fast. I heard that the plan was to hire Sarah for the job. Question: Was the plan to hire someone other than Sarah? ................
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