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US History Ms. Byrne

New Immigration: 1865-1896

European Flood into America

• Between 1865 and 1914, ________ ______________________ Europeans immigrated to the United States

• By the late 1890s, more than half of all immigrants were from __________________ and ___________________________ Europe

• More than ____________ of the new immigrants were ______________

Why Did They Come?

• _____________

• Forced military service

• __________________ or high food prices

• ___________________ ______________________

• Overpopulation

• ____________________ of ____________ in America

The Atlantic Voyage

• Most immigrants booked passage in _______________________, the cheapest accommodations available

• Passage to the United States often cost a ______________ __________________

• Entire families would often save enough money to send just __________ ____ ______________ family members to America

On the Boat

• “Narrow, steep and slippery stairways lead to it. _____________________ everywhere, ill smelling bunks, uninviting washrooms – this is steerage. The odors of scattered orange peelings, ___________________, garlic, and _______________________ meeting but not blending, No lounge or chairs for comfort, and a continual babble of tongues – this is steerage. The food, which is miserable, is dealt out of ______________ _________________ into the dinner pails provided by the steamship company.” – World of Our Fathers

Ellis Island

• Most immigrants coming from Europe passed through __________________ ____________________ in New York City

• A huge three-story building served as the _________________________ ___________________ for many of the immigrants after _______________

• Immigrants filed past a doctor for an initial _______________________

– “Whenever a case aroused suspicion, the alien was set aside in a _____________ apart from the rest… and his coat or shirt marked with _________________ _______________.”

– If an immigrant ____________________ the inspection, they risked the chance of being sent ____________ to Europe

• With the huge numbers of immigrants, inspectors had just _____ __________________ to complete the process

• Many immigrants had their ______________ ___________________ changed by the inspectors because they didn’t have the time or patience to struggle with the _________________ _____________________.

• ___________ _________________ of immigrants were tagged according to what ______________________ they spoke

Ethnic Cities

• Most immigrants settled in the nation’s ____________________

• Immigrants made up a large percentage of _________ _____________ ___________, Chicago, ______________________, and Detroit

• Immigrants tended to move into ethnically similar neighborhoods

– Ex. “________________ _______________,” Jewish “Lower East Side,” “Chinatown”

• Adjustment depended partly on how well they learned __________________ and adapted to ___________________ ___________________

In the Tenements

• Many immigrants lived in crowded ____________________ buildings.

• Families shared living space and ________________ ______________ & _______________ _________ were __________________.

Living Conditions

• Conditions were ______________________, crowded, and _________________.

• In New York, 1,231 people lived in only ____________ ____________________ in one part of the city.

• In Chicago in one year, over 60% of _____________________ never reached their first birthdays. Many babies _____________________________ in their own homes.

• Many immigrants had no home and slept in _____ _________________ a spot rooms where people paid for a ______________ __________________ to spend the night.

Jacob Riis

• An immigrant himself, Jacob Riis was well known for his _______________________ documenting the lives of __________________________ & the urban poor in his book How the Other Half Lives.

Asian Immigration

• By the mid-1800s, ___________________ population reached about 430 million

– Country was suffering from _________________________, poverty, and _______________________

• ______________________ of Chinese left the nation for the United States

• Demand for ___________________ on the railroads led to further Chinese immigration

• Chinese settled mostly in the ___________________ ____________________

• Often worked as laborers, servants, or __________________ _____________________

• American business often would not hire Chinese, so they were forced to open their ___________ __________________________

Angel Island

• Until 1910, Asian immigrants arriving in __________ ______________________ had to stop at a two-story ________________ on the wharf

• As many as _______________ people were squeezed in at a time

• January 1910 ( California opened _____________ _____________________ for Asian immigrants

• Most were young _____________ in their teens or twenties

• Wait could last ____________________

Nativism Returns

• Nativism ( extreme __________________ of _______________________ by native-born people

• First surfaced during the ________________ immigration in the 1840-50s ( later focused on ______________, Jews, and ___________________ Europeans

• Feared the influx of _____________________ would swamp the Protestant United States

• Labor Unions thought that immigrants undermined American workers by working for __________ ___________________ and working as __________________________

Prejudice Against Catholics

• American Protective Association, founded by _____________ __________________ in 1887, was an __________-________________________ organization

• Largely protestant population considered the Irish to be _____________, superstitious, and ________________________

• A new law in 1882 banned _____________________, paupers, and the ___________________ _________________________ from immigrating to America

– Also created a ___________ ______________ on each head

Restrictions on Asian Immigration

• _____________ ________________________ organized the ________________________ Party of California, and worked against Chinese immigration

• Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)

– Law ___________________ all Chinese immigration for _________ _______________ and prevented Chinese already in America from becoming citizens

– Congress renewed law in 1892 and it became ____________________ in 1902 ( not _________________________ until 1943

• San Francisco required all Asian immigrant children to attend segregated “___________________ ______________________________”

– Theodore Roosevelt agreed to limit __________________________ immigration if San Francisco would __________ the _________________________ of schools

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