Name:
Name: Date:
US History Ms. Byrne
New Immigration: 1865-1896
European Flood into America
• Between 1865 and 1914, ________ ______________________ Europeans immigrated to the United States
• By the late 1890s, more than half of all immigrants were from __________________ and ___________________________ Europe
• More than ____________ of the new immigrants were ______________
Why Did They Come?
• _____________
• Forced military service
• __________________ or high food prices
• ___________________ ______________________
• Overpopulation
• ____________________ of ____________ in America
The Atlantic Voyage
• Most immigrants booked passage in _______________________, the cheapest accommodations available
• Passage to the United States often cost a ______________ __________________
• Entire families would often save enough money to send just __________ ____ ______________ family members to America
On the Boat
• “Narrow, steep and slippery stairways lead to it. _____________________ everywhere, ill smelling bunks, uninviting washrooms – this is steerage. The odors of scattered orange peelings, ___________________, garlic, and _______________________ meeting but not blending, No lounge or chairs for comfort, and a continual babble of tongues – this is steerage. The food, which is miserable, is dealt out of ______________ _________________ into the dinner pails provided by the steamship company.” – World of Our Fathers
Ellis Island
• Most immigrants coming from Europe passed through __________________ ____________________ in New York City
• A huge three-story building served as the _________________________ ___________________ for many of the immigrants after _______________
• Immigrants filed past a doctor for an initial _______________________
– “Whenever a case aroused suspicion, the alien was set aside in a _____________ apart from the rest… and his coat or shirt marked with _________________ _______________.”
– If an immigrant ____________________ the inspection, they risked the chance of being sent ____________ to Europe
• With the huge numbers of immigrants, inspectors had just _____ __________________ to complete the process
• Many immigrants had their ______________ ___________________ changed by the inspectors because they didn’t have the time or patience to struggle with the _________________ _____________________.
• ___________ _________________ of immigrants were tagged according to what ______________________ they spoke
Ethnic Cities
• Most immigrants settled in the nation’s ____________________
• Immigrants made up a large percentage of _________ _____________ ___________, Chicago, ______________________, and Detroit
• Immigrants tended to move into ethnically similar neighborhoods
– Ex. “________________ _______________,” Jewish “Lower East Side,” “Chinatown”
• Adjustment depended partly on how well they learned __________________ and adapted to ___________________ ___________________
In the Tenements
• Many immigrants lived in crowded ____________________ buildings.
• Families shared living space and ________________ ______________ & _______________ _________ were __________________.
Living Conditions
• Conditions were ______________________, crowded, and _________________.
• In New York, 1,231 people lived in only ____________ ____________________ in one part of the city.
• In Chicago in one year, over 60% of _____________________ never reached their first birthdays. Many babies _____________________________ in their own homes.
• Many immigrants had no home and slept in _____ _________________ a spot rooms where people paid for a ______________ __________________ to spend the night.
Jacob Riis
• An immigrant himself, Jacob Riis was well known for his _______________________ documenting the lives of __________________________ & the urban poor in his book How the Other Half Lives.
Asian Immigration
• By the mid-1800s, ___________________ population reached about 430 million
– Country was suffering from _________________________, poverty, and _______________________
• ______________________ of Chinese left the nation for the United States
• Demand for ___________________ on the railroads led to further Chinese immigration
• Chinese settled mostly in the ___________________ ____________________
• Often worked as laborers, servants, or __________________ _____________________
• American business often would not hire Chinese, so they were forced to open their ___________ __________________________
Angel Island
• Until 1910, Asian immigrants arriving in __________ ______________________ had to stop at a two-story ________________ on the wharf
• As many as _______________ people were squeezed in at a time
• January 1910 ( California opened _____________ _____________________ for Asian immigrants
• Most were young _____________ in their teens or twenties
• Wait could last ____________________
Nativism Returns
• Nativism ( extreme __________________ of _______________________ by native-born people
• First surfaced during the ________________ immigration in the 1840-50s ( later focused on ______________, Jews, and ___________________ Europeans
• Feared the influx of _____________________ would swamp the Protestant United States
• Labor Unions thought that immigrants undermined American workers by working for __________ ___________________ and working as __________________________
Prejudice Against Catholics
• American Protective Association, founded by _____________ __________________ in 1887, was an __________-________________________ organization
• Largely protestant population considered the Irish to be _____________, superstitious, and ________________________
• A new law in 1882 banned _____________________, paupers, and the ___________________ _________________________ from immigrating to America
– Also created a ___________ ______________ on each head
Restrictions on Asian Immigration
• _____________ ________________________ organized the ________________________ Party of California, and worked against Chinese immigration
• Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)
– Law ___________________ all Chinese immigration for _________ _______________ and prevented Chinese already in America from becoming citizens
– Congress renewed law in 1892 and it became ____________________ in 1902 ( not _________________________ until 1943
• San Francisco required all Asian immigrant children to attend segregated “___________________ ______________________________”
– Theodore Roosevelt agreed to limit __________________________ immigration if San Francisco would __________ the _________________________ of schools
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