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Chapter 8 Questions8.1.1 Introduction to Handling Chemical Wastes1.Which statement is true?A) Up until the 1970s, chemical waste disposal in the United States largely involved direct discharge into the environment.B) In the 21st century in the United States, most chemical waste cannot be disposed of directly into the environment.C) In the 21st century most waste disposal outside of the United States and western Europe involved directly discharge into the environment.D) All of the above are true.2.The best rule for disposal of waste from a chemistry lab isA) down the sink unless instructed otherwise.B) into trash cans unless instructed otherwise.C) into chemical waste receptacles unless instructed otherwise.D) A and B.3.Learning to properly dispose of even very small amounts of chemicals in academic lab experiments is important becauseA) if hundreds of students all disposed of small amounts, the total would be large and significant.B) sometimes even small amounts of chemicals down the sink can be a hazard.C) this practice teaches students the appropriate method of disposalD) All of the above.4.With regard to the disposal of chemical wastes, the EPA assumes that A) all chemicals are hazardous to the environment.B) chemicals are hazardous unless they are known to be non-hazardous.C) chemicals are non-hazardous unless they are known to be hazardous.D) chemicals in small quantities are necessarily not very hazardous, so waste disposal legislation only applies to large quantities of chemicals.5.Apart from environmental concerns, why is it unwise to dispose of chemicals down the sink?A) Solids that are insoluble in water will remains in the sink trap and perhaps react with subsequent chemicals poured down the sink.B) some chemicals can produce toxic gases when mixed with other chemicals in the sink trap.C) some chemicals may react unexpectedly with other chemicals in the trap.D) All of the above.6.Unidentified wastes from chemistry labsA) are generally the cheapest to dispose of since they are always burned. B) are generally the cheapest to dispose of since they are always buried.C) are generally expensive to dispose because they are assumed to be dangerous mixtures.D) are generally expensive to dispose of because they must be treated as if they are very hazardous.7.If you inadvertently dispose of a chemical into the incorrect waste container, you shouldA) make a note of this in your lab notebook.B) tell your instructor before the end of the laboratory session.C) tell your instructor immediately.D) write an email to your instructor so that there is a legal statement about the event.8.Paper towels that are contaminated with chemicalsA) should simply be put in the trash.B) should be burned in chemical hood.C) should be placed in the same container that holds waste containing the same chemicals.D) None of the above.9.Broken glass that is contaminated with chemicalsA) should be washed thoroughly before disposal in the broken glass container.B) should be handled by your instructor or someone with training about how to handle this situation.C) can be placed in a trash receptacle. D) should be placed in your lab drawer until the chemical self-decontaminates and then is can be placed in the broken glass container.8.2.1 Storing Flammable and Corrosive Liquids1.What are the best materials for constructing a cabinet designed to hold corrosives?A) Polyethylene or painted/sealed wood.B) Metal or polyethylene.C) Polyethylene or unpainted woodD) Metal or unpainted wood.2.What features should a well-constructed corrosive cabinet have?A) Sturdy shelves.B) Locks.C) Spill-containing shelves and bottom.D) A and C3.Which is true?A) Acids and bases can be stored in the same cabinets, but not on the same shelf.B) Acids and bases can be stored together as long as the concentrations are less than 6 M.C) Acids and bases should not be stored together.D) Acids and bases can be stored together, but only for periods of less than 1 month.anic acids, such as acetic acid, should be storedA) with inorganic acids.B) with flammable chemicals.C) in a separate cabinets designed for organic acids.D) Any of the above.5.Ammonium hydroxide should be stored withA) strong bases such as NaOH and KOH.B) weak acids, since it is a weak base.C) other weak bases, but not with strong bases.D) non-oxidizing acids.6.Storage cabinets for flammables can be constructed fromA) only steel.B) steel or thick plywood.C) only hick plywood treated with fire-resistant paint.D) non-combustible polyethylene.7. Storage cabinets for flammablesA) must be vented.B) must not be vented.C) can be vented or non-vented.D) must be vented with flame-arresting openings.8.What is the total quantity of Class I flammables allowed to be stored outside of a storage cabinet, per 100 ft2, for a laboratory unit in Fire Hazard Class C?A) 4 LB) 7.5 LC) 10 LD) 15 L9.What is the allowable glass container size for Class II combustibles for a laboratory unit in Fire Hazard Class C?A) 4 LB) 10 LC) 15 LD) 20 L10.If an organic solvent has a flash point of 19 oC and a boiling point of 45 oC, what is the NFPA Class?A) IAB) IBC) ICD) II8.3.1 Doing Your Own Laboratory Safety Inspection1.Why is it sometimes hard to detect unsafe conditions in a lab in which you regularly work?A) Unsafe conditions that have not yet caused an incident become accepted as “normal.”B) Students are probably not trained to conduct “self-assessments” of laboratory safety.C) Unsafe conditions are usually hard to detect.D) A and B.2.When entering a new lab, what circumstances make is easy to overlook unsafe conditions?A) Unsafe conditions and procedures might have been in place for years without incidents, and therefore considered “safe.”B) The habits of current and former occupants often get transferred to new lab workers without much reflection on the safety of those habits.C) It may be uncomfortable for a new person to challenge pre-existing conditions that are “normal.”D) All of the above.3.What is a good time period for conducting informal inspections of laboratories?A) Daily.B) Weekly.C) Monthly.D) Annually.4.The best way to conduct inspections isA) to use a checklist and have someone else who does not work in the lab accompany you.B) to use a checklist and conduct the inspection alone.C) to simply “walk through” the laboratory and see what doesn’t “look right.”D) to take pictures of all unsafe conditions.8.3.2 Managing Chemicals in Your Laboratory1.Who is responsible for the chemicals on a college campus or in an industrial facility?A) Everyone who handles or uses the chemicals.B) Only the person who bought the chemicals.C) Only the person who uses the chemicals.D) The chemical hygiene officer.2.What factors should be considered before purchasing a chemical?A) Whether the chemical can be safely stored and handled on site.B) If it is possible to buy a cheaper chemical, even if more hazardous.C) If it is possible to buy in larger quantity to get a better “per gram” price.D) All of the above.3.When purchasing, for example, 4 L of ethyl ether, it is best to purchaseA) a 4-L bottle.B) four 1-L bottles.C) a 20-L supply (at reduced cost) and divide this into five 4-L containers.D) a 55-gallon drum and remove the quantity of ether “on demand.”4.When receiving a new chemical A) quickly put it on a shelf in the proper alphabetical location.B) make sure that the container is intact and that it is, in fact, the correct chemical.C) mark the “expiration date” on the label.D) remove the manufacturer’s label and replace this with a local label that is more useful.5.When planning to receive a particularly hazardous chemical at your facility, you shouldA) plan to take the day off so that if anything goes wrong you will not be blamed.B) notify appropriate people who may be receiving and transporting the chemical locally to advise them about appropriate handling procedures.C) notify anyone else who may potentially handle the chemical and tell them not to touch anything.D) advise people who might transport the chemical locally to remove all warning labels so that no one gets worried.8.3.3 Chemical Inventories and Storage1.Why is storing all chemicals in alphabetical order not a good idea?A) It is hard to know how to alphabetize some chemicals since they have multiple names.B) Alphabetical arrangement might place incompatible chemicals next to each other.C) Some chemicals should not be stored on an “open shelf” but instead in a vented cabinet or in a chemical refrigerator.D) B and C.2.How is storing chemicals different than storing books?A) Books do not deteriorate over time to become more hazardous.B) Books are not in containers that might crack or otherwise lose their intergrity.C) Books do not react with each other.D) All of the above.3.The safest place to store most chemicals in a laboratory is A) on the floor.B) in cabinets (for flammable or corrosive chemicals) or on shelves.C) in chemical hoods.D) in desk drawers, out of sight.4.Maintaining an accurate chemical inventory in a laboratory A) is required my some Local Emergency Planning Committees.B) is so tedious that safety experts agree it is not worth the effort.C) is almost impossible since the daily use of chemicals makes this impractical.D) recommended, but not required, by the “Lab Standard.” 5.What are some challenges faced by the process of organizing chemicals for storage?A) Chemicals frequently fall into multiple classesB) Identifying or recognizing incompatibles may not easyC) Finding adequate space and storage for all classes requires more space and more managementD) All of the above.6.The best scheme for storing chemicals isA) the one that works best and safest at your institution.B) in Prudent Practices.C) in the NIOSH Pocket Guide.D) located at the OSHA website.7.Time-sensitive chemicalsA) are rarely used in most laboratories.B) should be marked with the date of receipt and the date when opened.C) should be stored in a chemical vault.D) should always be used immediately upon receipt.8.Which categories of chemicals requires special storage considerations?A) Flammables and combustibles.B) Corrosives.C) Unusually odorous chemicals.D) All of the above.9.Shelves that store chemicals should be A) stabilized so that they cannot easily be tipped over.B) constructed from floor-to-ceiling to save space.C) be made of materials that react with chemicals so that leaks can be quickly detected.D) All of the above.8.3.4 Handling Hazardous Laboratory Waste1.What federal agency oversees the disposal of hazardous waste?A) OSHA.B) EPA.C) CSB.D) DOE.2.What regulation governs the disposal of hazardous waste?A) Resource Conservation and Recovery ActB) The Clean Water Act.C) The Clean Air Act.D) The Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal Act3.The two most important steps in managing hazardous wastes areA) identifying the exact components of the waste and minimizing the quantity of waste.B) identifying the exact components of the waste and finding someone else who can take care of it.C) making sure that all wastes are in a solid state and minimizing the quantity of waste.D) making sure that all wastes are in a liquid state and minimizing the quantity of waste.4.How many categories of waste generators are identified by RCRA?A) One.B) Two.C) Three.D) Five.5.There are limits with regard to the time that hazardous waste can be stored on site forA) Conditionally exempt small quantity generatorsB) Small quantity generators C) Large generatorsD) B and C.6.What name is given to the container that holds hazardous waste?A) Hazardous waste drum.B) Labpack.C) Hazdrum.D) WasteCon.7.What letters are used by the EPA to identify lists of hazardous characteristics (flammability, corrosivity, reactivity, toxicity) of wastes?A) F, K, P and T.B) F, C, R and T.C) F, K, P and T.D) F, K, P and U.8.Biological wastes from chemistry laboratoriesA) can be treated the same as chemical wastes.B) are treated differently that biological wastes from biology laboratories.C) are usually treated locally in an autoclave.D) can be disinfected with many different agents and then discarded down a sanitary sewer.8.3.5 Chemical Security1.Most academic laboratories areA) not very secure.B) fairly secure.C) reasonably secure.D) very secure.2.What categories of compounds are mostly likely to be stolen from chemistry laboratories and stockrooms?A) Poisons, chemicals for making drugs, and acids and bases.B) Poisons, chemicals for making drugs, and explosives.C) Strong oxidizing agents, poisons, and explosivesD) Strong oxidizing agents, chemicals for making drugs, and explosives3.With regard to physical facilities, how does the academic environment compare with an industrial environment?A) They are about the same.B) More security is possible, and likely, in the industrial environment.C) More security is possible, but unlikely, in the industrial environment.D) More security is possible, but unlikely, in the academic environment.4.What method can be used to maintain control over high hazard materials?A) Lock boxes.B) Locked rooms.C) Locked drawers.D) All of the above.5.How are safety and security sometimes in conflict?A) Laboratory safety requires specific signage about chemicals and hazards and easy access to information, while security requires less, or vague signage and controlled access to information.B) Laboratory safety requires specific signage about chemicals and hazards and controlled access to information, while security requires less, or vague signage and easy access to information.C) Laboratory safety requires vague signage about chemicals and hazards and easy access to information, while security requires specific signage and controlled access to information.D) Laboratory safety requires vague signage about chemicals and hazards and controlled access to information, while security requires specific signage and easy access to information.6.How many chemicals dose the U.S. Department of Homeland Security regulate with regard to allowable quantities in labs (without notification)?A) about 30B) about 300C) about 3000D) about 30,000 ................
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