Bondingbasics2008 - Science Spot
[Pages:3]CB8=B; 5G=7G
ANSWER KEY
Section A: Complete the chart using a periodic table to help you.
Element Chlorine
Atomic Symbol
Cl
Total # of Electrons
17
# of Valence Electrons
7
# of Electrons Needed to
Gain or Lose
(to Fill Outer Shell)
Gain 1
Oxidation Number
1-
Potassium
K
19
1
Lose 1
1+
Magnesium
Mg
12
2
Lose 2
2+
Fluorine
F
9
7
Gain 1
1-
Aluminum
Al
13
3
Lose 3
3+
Sodium
Na
11
1
Lose 1
1+
Nitrogen
N
14
4
Gain 3
3-
Oxygen
O
8
6
Gain 2
2-
Hydrogen
H
1
1
Gain or Lose 1
1+ or 1-
Carbon
C
6
4
Gain or Lose 4
4+ or 4-
Iodine
I
53
7
Gain 1
1-
Answer these questions: An atom that gains one or more electrons will have a NEGATIVE charge. An atom that loses one or more electrons will have a POSTIVE charge. An atom that gains or loses one or more electrons is called an ION. A positive ion is called a CATION and a negative ion is called an ANION.
T. Trimpe & L. Bogner 2008
Section B: Ionic Bonds
ANSWER KEY
What is an ionic bond? Atoms will transfer one or more electrons to another to form the bond. Each atom is left with a complete outer shell. An ionic bond forms between a metal ion with a positive charge and a nonmetal ion with a negative charge.
Example B1: Sodium + Chlorine
Example B2: Magnesium + Iodine
I
Na Cl
Mg
I
Na1+ + Cl1- ? NaCl
Mg2+ + I1- + I1- ? MgI2
Example B3: Potassium + Iodine
Example B4: Sodium + Oxygen
K
I
K1+ + I1- ? KI
Na O
Na
Na1+ + Na1+ + O2- ? Na2O
Example B5: Calcium + Chlorine
Cl Mg
Cl
Mg2+ + Cl1- + Cl1- ? MgCl2
Example B6: Aluminum + Chlorine
Cl
Al
Cl Cl
Al3+ + Cl1- + Cl1- + Cl1- ? AlCl3
Challenge: What are some other ionic bonds that can be formed by the elements you see? Write the chemical formula for the compound and its name.
Answers will vary.
T. Trimpe & L. Bogner 2008
Section C: Covalent Bonds
ANSWER KEY
What is a covalent bond? Atoms share one or more electrons with each other to form the bond. Each atom is left with a complete outer shell. A covalent bond forms between two nonmetals.
Example C1: Hydrogen + Hydrogen
Example C2: 2 Hydrogen + Oxygen
H H
H H H2
H O H
H O H
H2O
Example C3: Chlorine + Chlorine
Cl Cl
Cl Cl Cl2
Example C5: Carbon + 2 Oxygen
O C O
O C O CO2
Example C4: Oxygen + Oxygen
O O
O O O2
Example C6: Carbon + 4 Hydrogen
H H C H
H
H CH4
HCH H
T. Trimpe & L. Bogner 2008
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