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Component three: applied psychologyCHILD PSYCHOLOGYTOPIC ONE: IntelligenceBackground: What Psychologists mean by intelligence and what biological factors could affect intelligenceKey Research:?Van Leeuwen et al (2008) A twin-family study of general IQApplication: At least one method of assessing intelligenceTOPIC TWO: Pre-adult Brain DevelopmentBackground: Brain development and the impact of this on risk taking behaviourKey Research:?Barkley-Levenson and Galvan (2014) Neural representation of expected value in adolescent brainApplication: At least one strategy to reduce the risk of taking behaviours using knowledge of brain developmentTOPIC THREE: Perceptual DevelopmentBackground: Perceptual development in children and how this can be studied in babies and animalsKey Research: Gibson and Walk (1960) The Visual CliffApplication: At least one play strategy to develop perception in young childrenTOPIC FOUR: Cognitive Development and EducationBackground:?Cognitive development in children and the impact of this on educationKey Research:?Wood et al. (1976) The role of tutoring in problem-solvingApplication: At least one cognitive strategy to improve revision of learningTOPIC FIVE: Development of AttachmentBackground: The development of attachment and babies and the impact of failure to develop attachmentsKey Research:?Ainsworth and Bell (1970) Attachment, Exploration and Separation: Illustrated by the Behaviour of One-year-olds in a Strange SituationApplication: At least one strategy to develop an attachment friendly environmentTOPICE SIX: Impact of Advertising on ChildrenBackground: The influence of television advertising on children and the stereotyping in such advertisingKey Research: Johnson and Young (2002) Gendered voices in children’s advertisingApplication: At least one strategy to reduce impact of advertising which is aimed at childrenPractice exam questions:TOPIC ONE: Intelligence:Explain how the research by Van Leeuwen et al. (2008) could be used to understand similarities and differences in the intelligence of twins [10]Assess the role of biological factors in intelligence [15]Thelma is worried about her son. He seems very bright in some ways; he is generally making excellent progress at school. However, in three subjects his report was terrible and Thelma is wondering whether an intelligence test would help her to understand why. Discuss how an intelligence test might be conducted and what the results might, or might not, tell Thelma about her son. [10]TOPIC TWO: Pre-adult brain development:Use the study by Barkley-Leveson and Galvan (2014) to explain how neuroscience can help us to understand differences between adolescent and adult brains [10]Assess the reliability of research into brain development and risk-taking [15]Dr Shah’s Research team studies risky behaviour in adolescents. She has a young research student called Dan who is designing a new project. He has to choose a topic other than gambling. Choose any risk-taking behaviour other than gambling and discuss how Dan might plan and conduct a new piece of research and what he might find [10]TOPIC THREE: Perceptual Development:?Using the research by Gibson & Walk (1960), explain how experimental studies can be used to understand perceptual development [10]Assess the role of science in psychology, using Gibson and Walk’s study of perceptual development as an example [15]Sally is a nurse at a post-natal clinic specialising in sensory awareness. She advises parents on ways to help their newborn babies to develop. Discuss how Sally’s knowledge of studies of perceptual development in children and animals will influence the suggestions she makes to the parents she meets. [10]TOPIC FOUR: Cognitive development and education:Explain how the research by Wood et al (1976) could be used to improve children’s learning in an educational setting [10]Assess the usefulness of research into cognitive development in children in the context of education [15]Leroy is a new teacher at Park School and has a lunchtime craft group with students aged between 6 and 10 years old. He is aware that the older and younger children might have different needs when learning crafts such as sewing and woodwork. Discuss how Leroy’s understanding of the cognitive development of children will impact on the way he treats the children in his group [10]TOPIC FIVE: Development of attachment:Explain how the research by Ainsworth & Bell (1970) could be used to identify children with attachment problems [10]Assess ethical problems with the use of children in Ainsworth & Bell’s study of the development of attachment [15]Kate works with infants at a nursery, some of whom find adjusting to the nursery very difficult. Her boss has asked her to provide a leaflet for parents about possible changes the nursery could make to become a more attachment-friendly environment. Discuss a strategy that Kate could suggest that could help to develop an attachment-friendly environment either for use in the child’s home or in the nursery [10]TOPIC SIX: The impact of advertising on children:Explain how the research by Johnson and Young (2002) helps us to understand the influence of advertising on children [10]Assess problems of sampling bias in the study of the influence of television advertising on children [15]Carly runs a preschool nursery and although some parents are happy that the children are allowed to watch appropriate tv shows during the day, others have raised concerns about whether the children should be allowed to watch the advertisements between programmes. Discuss the evidence that television advertising may influence the children in the nursery [10]Other child psychology questions:Using the research by Barkley-Levenson et al. (2014), explain the relationship between brain development and risk taking behaviour. [10]Assess ethical problems with using brain structure as an explanation of risk taking behaviour. [15]Max has just passed his driving test and often breaks the speed limit. He enjoys driving fast and even a police warning has not stopped him. Max’s parents have tried to punish him for this behaviour but their interventions have not been successful.Discuss how a psychologist could investigate whether Max’s behaviour is due to brain development. [10]Explain how the research by Gibson and Walk (1960) could be applied to everyday life.[10]Evaluate ethical considerations when researching perceptual development. [15]Billy works for a manufacturer of educational toys. He wants to create a toy that will help young children develop their perception of different smells. Part of the product development process will involve testing out the toy on young children. What practical advice might a psychologist give Billy about how to test out his company’s new toy on young children? [10]Explain how research by Van Leeuwen et al. (2008) could be used to explain the biological influence on intelligence.Discuss the usefulness of a method of measuring intelligence. [10]Discuss ethical considerations and the socially sensitive nature of measuring intelligence. [10]Using the research by Barkley-Levenson et al. (2014), explain the relationship between brain development and risk taking behaviour (10)Max has just passed his driving test and often breaks the speed limit. He enjoys driving fast and even a police warning has not stopped him. Max’s parents have tried to punish him for this behaviour but their interventions have not been successful. Discuss how a psychologist could investigate whether Max’s behaviour is due to brain development. (10)Discuss how a psychologist could reduce Max’s risk taking behaviour (10)Jack has just started nursery and his mother is worried about his perceptual development, as he seems to be behind other infants. Discuss a strategy which could be used to develop Jack’s perception (10)Discuss the nature/ nurture debate (or another debate) in relation to cognitive development in children. (10)Assess the reductionist debate with regard to research into cognitive development and education (15)Describe how research by Johnson and Young (2002) can be used to explain the influence of television advertising on children and the stereotyping in such advertising. (10)Green way day care centre has won an award. The staff have been applauded for their care and consideration towards all the children. Discuss how a child psychologist might apply their knowledge to explain why the day centre is such an attachment friendly environment. [10] ................
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