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First molecular approach to the octopus’ fauna from the southern CaribbeanMarine BiodiversityElena A. Ritschard1,2, Jürgen Guerrero-Kommritz3, Juan A. Sanchez11Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Marina (BIOMMAR), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1E No. 18A – 10, Bogotá, Colombia2Department of Molecular Evolution and Development, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14 (UZA1), Vienna, Austria3Fundación Fundabas, Bogotá, ColombiaCorrespondence author:Elena A. Ritschard HYPERLINK "mailto:ea.ritschard10@uniandes.edu.co" ea.ritschard10@uniandes.edu.coTable S1. GenBank accession numbers and ANDES-E codes (ANDES Natural History Museum, Los Andes University, Bogota, Colombia) of the samples obtained in the three sampling locations. Samples without museum code are in the process of entering the collection; NA (not applicable) is designated for samples that lack specimen for voucher. Sample codeSpeciesMuseum code (ANDES- E)Genbank accession numberSampling locationCOIRhoPR1Octopus sp -MG778040MG778085Old ProvidencePR2Octopus spB-MG778041MG778100Old ProvidencePR3Octopus sp -MG778042MG778077Old ProvidencePR4Octopus sp -MG778043MG778087Old ProvidencePR5Octopus sp -MG778044MG778103Old ProvidencePR6Octopus sp -MG778045MG778084Old ProvidenceSA1Octopus briareus4955MG778066MG778105San AndrésSA2Octopus briareus4953MG778067-San AndrésSA3Octopus briareus4957MG778068MG778106San AndrésSA4Octopus briareus4956MG778071MG778107San AndrésSA5Octopus briareus4954MG778069MG778104San AndrésSA6Octopus sp4958MG778070MG778091San AndrésSA7Octopus sp4959MG778046MG778083San AndrésSA8Octopus tayrona4952MG778055MG778082San AndrésSM1Callistoctopus spNAMG778073MG778111Santa MartaSM2Octopus tayrona4979MG778038MG778075Santa MartaSM3Octopus tayrona4978MG778053MG778078Santa MartaSM4Octopus tayrona4977MG778052MG778079Santa MartaSM5Octopus spD4976MG778058MG778080Santa MartaSM6Octopus tayrona4972MG778059MG778086Santa MartaSM7Octopus taganga4973MG778063MG778101Santa MartaSM8Octopus tayrona4971MG778057MG778093Santa MartaSM9Octopus tayrona4970MG778054MG778097Santa MartaSM10Octopus tayrona4974MG778060MG778098Santa MartaSM11Octopus taganga4975MG778065MG778102Santa MartaSM12Octopus taganga4961MG778064MG778110Santa MartaSM13Octopus tayrona4963MG778062MG778095Santa MartaSM14Octopus tayrona4962MG778061MG778096Santa MartaSM15Octopus tayrona4960MG778039MG778094Santa MartaSM16Octopus tayrona4966MG778056MG778090Santa MartaSM17Octopus tayrona4967MG778047MG778089Santa MartaSM18Octopus tayrona4968MG778048MG778088Santa MartaSM19Octopus spB4965MG778049MG778099Santa MartaSM20Octopus tayrona4964MG778050MG778081Santa MartaSM21Octopus tayrona4969MG778051MG778076Santa Marta2017-01Amphioctopus burryi-MG778074MG778108Santa Marta2017-02Macrotritopus beatrixi-MG778072MG778109Santa Marta2015-42Octopus hummelincki-MG778037MG778092Santa MartaTable S2. Summary of morphological characters used for the identification of octopus species from the southern Caribbean found in this study. ML (Mantle Length) refers to the maximum size known for each species. Ocellus refers to a dark spot present between the base of arms II and III. Mantle-arm ratio is the proportion of the ML to the longest arm. Enlarged suckers are specialized suckers for mating purposes found on these species in arms II and III. Funnel organ refers to the shape of a gland at the inner surface of the funnel (W-shaped or V V-shaped). SC HAL is the sucker count on the hectocotylized arm (HA). Calamus index is the percentage of the calamus length to the ligula length (calamus length/ligula length x 100). Ligula index is the percentage of the ligula length to the HA length (ligula length/HAL x 100). The identification to species by morphometrics of the Callistoctopus sample SM1 could not be assessed, but we include here the specifications for the species currently under description by J. G-K (*).SpeciesML (mm)OcellusMantle-arm ratioLongest arm pairEnlarged suckersLamellas in demi-branchFunnel organSC HACalamus indexLigula indexOctopus taganga81Yes2 - 3IIINo7 - 10W8038 - 500.8 – 1.8Octopus hummelincki50lYes2 – 2.5IIYes6 - 7W8052-562-6Octopus tayrona127No2 - 3II =IIINo9 - 12W112 - 13520 - 500.4 – 1.6Octopus spB76No3 - 4II = IVNo11V V100 – 10840 – 501.5 – 1.9Octopus spD86No3 - 4IINo10-11W152 – 15600.65 – 0.88Octopus briareus150No5 - 7II = IIINo6 - 7W141 - 18217,53Amphioctopus burryi50lNo3IVNo10W90401.6Callistoctopus spA*75No6 - 7INo12W15214.34.8Macrotritopus beatrixi70No5 - 8IIINo10 - 11W98251-1.25Table S3. Accession numbers, sampling location, reference and area (as defined in Fig. 2 and 3) of sequences used in the phylogenetic analyses (after collapsing haplotypes and cleaning alignments). All sequences were downloaded from GenBank. OG: outgroup; mPac: mid-Pacific; nePac: north-eastern Pacific; sePac: south-eastern Pacific; Ca: Caribbean; Br: Brazil; mAI: mid-Atlantic Islands; SAf: South Africa; nAf: northern Africa; neA: north-eastern Atlantic; Me: Mediterranean Sea; mIO: mid-Indian Ocean Islands; Ind: India; IndPac: Indo-Pacific; nAs: northern Asia.SpeciesCOIRhoSampling PlaceReferenceAreaEnteroctopus dofleiniGU802397-British Columbia, Queen Charlotte Sound, CanadaOGEnteroctopus dofleini-AY545174-Strugnell et al., 2004OGMuusoctopus spGU073624--Undheim et al., 2010OGMuusoctopus sp-AY545173-Strugnell et al., 2004OGAbdopus aculeatusH M104254HM104287Orpheus Island, AustraliaStrugnell et al., 2014IndPacAmeloctopus litoralisHM104255HM104288Dudley Point, N.T., AustraliaStrugnell et al., 2014IndPacAmphioctopus aeginaAB191276-Irino, Kochi, JapanTakumiya et al., 2005nAsAmphioctopus arenicolaGQ900729-Hawaii, USAHuffard et al., 2010mPacAmphioctopus fangsiaoHQ846155-Xiamen, ChinaDai et al., 2012nAsAmphioctopus kagoshimensisHQ846124-Xiamen, ChinaDai et al., 2012nAsAmphioctopus marginatusGQ900730-IndonesiaHuffard et al., 2010IndPacAmphioctopus marginatusHQ846138-Xiamen, ChinaDai et al., 2012nAsAmphioctopus marginatusHQ846140-Xiamen, ChinaDai et al., 2012nAsAmphioctopus ovulumHQ846157-Xiamen, ChinaDai et al., 2012nAsAmphioctopus ovulumHQ846158-Xiamen, ChinaDai et al., 2012nAsSpeciesCOIRhoSampling PlaceReferenceAreaAmphioctopus ovulumHQ846159-Xiamen, ChinaDai et al., 2012nAsCallistoctopus luteusGQ900731-Hawaii, USAHuffard et al., 2010mPacCallistoctopus minorAB191275-Akashi, Osaka, JapanTakumiya et al., 2005nAsCallistoctopus ornatusAY616892AY616926AustraliaStrugnell et al., 2005IndPacCallistoctopus ornatusGQ900732-Hawaii, USAHuffard et al., 2010mPacCistopus indicusHM104258HM104291Taichung Fish Market, TaiwanStrugnell et al., 2014nAsGrimpella thaumastocheirHM104259-Pt. Victoria Jetty, S.A., AustraliaStrugnell et al., 2014IndPacHapalochlaena maculosaAF000043-Victoria, AustraliaCarlini et al., 1999IndPacHapalochlaena maculosaHQ846163-Lingao, ChinaDai et al., 2012nAsHapalochlaena maculosa-AY545171Victoria, AustraliaStrugnell et al., 2004IndPacMacroctopus maorumHM104260-Victoria, AustraliaStrugnell et al., 2014IndPacOctopus berrima-AY545168Venus Bay, AustraliaStrugnell et al., 2004IndPacOctopus bimaculatusKT335828-MexicoPliego-Cardenas et al., 2016CaOctopus bimaculoidesAF377967-California, USACarlini et al., 2001nePacOctopus bimaculoidesAY545189AY545172Galveston, TX, USAStrugnell et al., 2004CaOctopus bimaculoidesKF774309-Gulf of California, MexiconePacOctopus briareusJX500618-CurazaoCaOctopus cf tetricusKJ605262-Woodmans Point, AustraliaAmor et al., 2014IndPacOctopus cf tetricusKJ605263-Town Jetty, AustraliaAmor et al., 2014IndPacOctopus cf tetricusKJ605264-Cape Le Grand, Western AustraliaAmor et al., 2014IndPacOctopus cf tetricusKJ605268-Esperance, AustraliaAmor et al., 2014IndPacSpeciesCOIRhoSampling PlaceReferenceAreaOctopus cf tetricusKJ605269-Mandurah, AustraliaAmor et al., 2014IndPacOctopus cf tetricusKJ605270-Mandurah, AustraliaAmor et al., 2014IndPacOctopus cf tetricusKJ605276-Mandurah, Western AustraliaAmor et al., 2014IndPacOctopus cf tetricusKJ605277-Mandurah, AustraliaAmor et al., 2014IndPacOctopus cyaneaAB191280-Nago, Okinawa, JapanTakumiya et al., 2005nAsOctopus cyaneaAB430534-Tokyo, Ogasawara Island, JapanKaneko et al., 2011nAsOctopus cyaneaAB430535-Okinawa, Nakagusuku, JapanKaneko et al., 2011nAsOctopus hubbsorumKF225001-Pacific Coast of MexicoPliego-Cardenas et al., 2014nePacOctopus hubbsorumKF225003-Pacific Coast of MexicoPliego-Cardenas et al., 2014nePacOctopus hubbsorumKF225004-Pacific Coast of MexicoPliego-Cardenas et al., 2014nePacOctopus hubbsorumKF225005-ColombiaPliego-Cardenas et al., 2014CaOctopus hummelinckiKF844044-Ceara, BrazilDe Luna Sales et al., 2013BraOctopus incellaAB430542-JapanKaneko et al., 2011nAsOctopus insularisKF844000-Bragana, BrazilDe Luna Sales et al., 2013BraOctopus insularisKF844003-Fortaleza, BrazilDe Luna Sales et al., 2013BraOctopus insularisKF844010-Natal, BrazilDe Luna Sales et al., 2013BraOctopus insularisKF844016-Natal, BrazilDe Luna Sales et al., 2013BraOctopus insularisKF844018-Baia da Traicao, BrazilDe Luna Sales et al., 2013BraOctopus insularisKF844020-Recife, BrazilDe Luna Sales et al., 2013BraOctopus insularisKF844022-Barra Grande, BrazilDe Luna Sales et al., 2013BraOctopus insularisKF844024-Barra Grande, BrazilDe Luna Sales et al., 2013BraOctopus insularisKF844025-Salvador, BrazilDe Luna Sales et al., 2013BraSpeciesCOIRhoSampling PlaceReferenceAreaOctopus insularisKP056552-Lemon Valley, Saint HelenaAmor et al., 2015mAIOctopus insularisMH550422-Gulf of MexicoGonzalez-Gomez et al., 2018CaOctopus insularisMH550423-Gulf of MexicoGonzalez-Gomez et al., 2018CaOctopus insularisMH550425-Gulf of MexicoGonzalez-Gomez et al., 2018CaOctopus jollyorumKU525758-Yilan County, Dasi, TaiwanAmor et al., 2016nAsOctopus jollyorumKU525760-Kermadecs, North Meyer Island, New ZealandAmor et al., 2016IndPacOctopus kaurnaAY545188AY545169Edithburgh Jetty, South AustraliaStrugnell et al., 2004IndPacOctopus laqueusAB430543-JapanKaneko et al., 2011nAsOctopus mayaGU362545-Yucatan, MexicoJuarez et al., 2012CaOctopus mimusGU355923-Coloso, ChileAcosta-Jofre et al., 2012sePacOctopus mimusGU355924-Callao, PeruAcosta-Jofre et al., 2012sePacOctopus mimusGU355925-Callao, PeruAcosta-Jofre et al., 2012sePacOctopus mimusKP056550-ChileAmor et al., 2015sePacOctopus mimusKP056551-ChileAmor et al., 2015sePacOctopus oliveriAB430532-JapanKaneko et al., 2011nAsOctopus parvusAB191271-Shirahama, Wakayama, JapanTakumiya et al., 2005nAsOctopus parvusAB430544-JapanKaneko et al., 2011nAsOctopus rubescens-AY545170North Vancouver, BC, CanadaStrugnell et al., 2004nePacOctopus salutiiKC894940-Mediterranean SeaMedOctopus salutiiKC894941-Mediterranean SeaMedOctopus sasakiiAB191277-Tokushima, Tokushima, JapanTakumiya et al., 2005nAsSpeciesCOIRhoSampling PlaceReferenceAreaOctopus sinensisAB430546-Hyougo, Akashi, Futami, JapanKaneko et al., 2011nAsOctopus sinensisHQ846154-Xiamen, ChinaDai et al., 2012nAsOctopus tetricusKJ605247-Wallaga Lake, AustraliaAmor et al., 2014IndPacOctopus tetricusKJ605248-Wallaga Lake, AustraliaAmor et al., 2014IndPacOctopus tetricusKJ605249-Wallaga Lake, New South Wales, AustraliaAmor et al., 2014IndPacOctopus tetricusKJ605250-Wallaga Lake, AustraliaAmor et al., 2014IndPacOctopus tetricusKJ605251-Narooma, New South Wales, AustraliaAmor et al., 2014IndPacOctopus tetricusKJ605252-Shoal Bay, New South Wales, AustraliaAmor et al., 2014IndPacOctopus tetricusKJ605253-Port Stephens, AustraliaAmor et al., 2014IndPacOctopus tetricusKJ605254-Flinders Island, Tasmania, AustraliaAmor et al., 2014IndPacOctopus tetricusKJ605256-Flinders Island, AustraliaAmor et al., 2014IndPacOctopus tetricusKJ605258-Leigh, New ZealandAmor et al., 2014IndPacOctopus tetricusKJ605261-Leigh, New ZealandAmor et al., 2014IndPacOctopus vulgarisDQ683205-Tristan da CunhaTeske et al., 2007mAIOctopus vulgarisDQ683209-Hout Bay, South AfricaTeske et al., 2007SAfOctopus vulgarisDQ683211-Struisbaai, South AfricaTeske et al., 2007SAfOctopus vulgarisDQ683214-Durban, South AfricaTeske et al., 2007SAfOctopus vulgarisDQ683216-Durban, South AfricaTeske et al., 2007SAfOctopus vulgarisDQ683221-Galicia, SpainTeske et al., 2007neAOctopus vulgarisFN424379-St. Paul and Amsterdam IslandsGuerra et al., 2010mIOOctopus vulgarisHQ908426-Turkey (Mediterranean Sea)Keskin & Atar, 2011MedOctopus vulgarisHQ908427-Turkey (Mediterranean Sea)Keskin & Atar, 2011MedSpeciesCOIRhoSampling PlaceReferenceAreaOctopus vulgarisHQ908428-Turkey (Mediterranean Sea)Keskin & Atar, 2011MedOctopus vulgarisHQ908429-Turkey (Mediterranean Sea)Keskin & Atar, 2011MedOctopus vulgarisHQ908430-Turkey (Mediterranean Sea)Keskin & Atar, 2011MedOctopus vulgarisHQ908431-Turkey (Mediterranean Sea)Keskin & Atar, 2011MedOctopus vulgarisHQ908432-Turkey (Mediterranean Sea)Keskin & Atar, 2011MedOctopus vulgarisHQ908433-Turkey (Mediterranean Sea)Keskin & Atar, 2011MedOctopus vulgarisHQ908434-Turkey (Mediterranean Sea)Keskin & Atar, 2011MedOctopus vulgarisHQ908435-Turkey (Mediterranean Sea)Keskin & Atar, 2011MedOctopus vulgarisHQ908436-Turkey (Mediterranean Sea)Keskin & Atar, 2011MedOctopus vulgarisJX500622-Dominica, Lesser AntillesCaOctopus vulgarisJX500626-FranceMedOctopus vulgarisJX500629-Ikaria, GreeceMedOctopus vulgarisJX500630-Samos, GreeceMedOctopus vulgarisJX500631-Samos, GreeceMedOctopus vulgarisJX500632-Samos, GreeceMedOctopus vulgarisJX500633-Samos, GreeceMedOctopus vulgarisJX500636-Samos, GreeceMedOctopus vulgarisJX500649-Puerto RicoCaOctopus vulgarisJX500651-Puerto RicoCaOctopus vulgarisJX500652-Puerto RicoCaOctopus vulgarisJX500654-Puerto RicoCaOctopus vulgarisJX500655-SpainneASpeciesCOIRhoSampling PlaceReferenceAreaOctopus vulgarisJX500660-SpainneAOctopus vulgarisJX500664-SpainneAOctopus vulgarisJX500666-SpainneAOctopus vulgarisJX500676-SpainneAOctopus vulgarisJX500677-SpainneAOctopus vulgarisKF489451-Kerala, Neendakara, IndiaIndOctopus vulgarisKF844026-Amapa, BrazilDe Luna Sales et al., 2013BraOctopus vulgarisKF844027-Para, BrazilDe Luna Sales et al., 2013BraOctopus vulgarisKF844030-Para, BrazilDe Luna Sales et al., 2013BraOctopus vulgarisKF844031-Salvador, BrazilDe Luna Sales et al., 2013BraOctopus vulgarisKF844040-Santa Catarina, BrazilDe Luna Sales et al., 2013BraOctopus vulgarisKF844042-PortugalDe Luna Sales et al., 2013neAOctopus vulgarisKJ605279-Port Elizabeth, South AfricaAmor et al., 2014SAfOctopus vulgarisKJ605280-Perpignan, FranceAmor et al., 2014MedOctopus vulgarisKJ605282-Perpignan, FranceAmor et al., 2014MedOctopus vulgarisKJ605283-Perpignan, FranceAmor et al., 2014MedOctopus vulgarisKJ605284-Perpignan, FranceAmor et al., 2014MedOctopus vulgarisKU525761-Cabo Blanco, MoroccoAmor et al., 2016nAfOctopus vulgarisKU525767-Juan Fernandez Island, ChileAmor et al., 2016sePacOctopus vulgarisKU525769-Cabo Blanco, MoroccoAmor et al., 2016nAfOctopus vulgaris-HM104297Port Elizabeth, South AfricaStrugnell et al., 2014SAfSpeciesCOIRhoSampling PlaceReferenceAreaOctopus wolfiAB430545-JapanKaneko et al., 2011nAsScaeurgus unichirrhusHM104263HM104298North Eastern AtlanticStrugnell et al., 2014neAThaumoctopus mimicusGQ900746-Sulawesi, IndonesiaHuffard et al., 2010IndPacWunderpus photogenicusGQ900748-Sulawesi, IndonesiaHuffard et al., 2010IndPacReferencesAcosta-Jofré MS, Sahade R, Laudien J, Chiappero MB (2012) A contribution to the understanding of phylogenetic relationships among species of the genus Octopus ( Octopodidae?: Cephalopoda ). 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