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|Problemset |Essay Questions |

|Title | |

|Introductory |  |

|Text | |

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|Question 1 |List at least five characteristics of a person that would be counted as an aspect of their personality and |

|Type:  |five that would not. |

|Essay |Hint: |

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| |Feedback: |

| |It should be relatively easy to find five that would count but a little more difficult to find five that would|

| |not. The chapter will give you many that count. For ones that do not (at least not usually) count, look back |

| |at the other chapters (e.g., some physical aspects, cognitive). |

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|Question 2 |Compare and contrast objective and projective measures of personality. Are there aspects of personality that |

|Type:  |neither of these test types measure? |

|Essay |Hint: |

| |Do they measure the same things and in the same way? |

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| |Feedback: |

| |pp. 177-179 Tell how they are similar (e.g., they both attempt to measure what?). They differ in the approach |

| |they use and in their reliability and validity. Neither measures McAdams' second and third levels of |

| |personality (or, at least, not very well). |

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|Question 3 |What are traits and do they change as we grow older? |

|Type:  |Hint: |

|Essay |Five factor model |

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| |Feedback: |

| |pp. 179-182 Define traits and then present Costa and McCrae's five factors. There are major cohort differences|

| |in these traits but age differences also occur, especially during younger adulthood and in certain traits. |

| |Describe those changes. |

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|Question 4 |Some people are afraid of growing old. Is this fear related to their personality? |

|Type:  |Hint: |

|Essay |  |

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| |Feedback: |

| |Box 9-1 provides information on this issue and tells you which traits are most closely associated with a fear |

| |of aging and which are not. |

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|Question 5 |Describe Erikson's stages of adult personal concerns and some of the research supporting this theory. |

|Type:  |Hint: |

|Essay |Erikson's last 3 stages of adult development |

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| |Feedback: |

| |Read pp. 184-188 Those last three stages focus on concerns about intimacy, generativity, and ego integrity. |

| |You might include mid-life crises as a component of that middle-age stage. The best research to describe is |

| |some of the longitudinal work although cross-sectional work has also supported the theory. |

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|Question 6 |What are the four types of coping strategies discussed in the text and are these strategies used by both older|

|Type:  |and younger adults? Are there other ways if categorizing coping strategies? |

|Essay |Hint: |

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| |Feedback: |

| |pp. 189-191 The strategies are problem solving, two types of emotion regulation, and avoidance. There are some|

| |age differences in the use of these strategies when a problem has emotional components. You should have |

| |described these differences. Another categorization of coping strategies is into assimilation, accommodation, |

| |and immunization strategies. You should also have defined these and told what the research shows with respect |

| |to age differences. |

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|Question 7 |Choose one classification of control (either internal vs. external OR primary vs. secondary), define the |

|Type:  |terms, and discuss age differences. |

|Essay |Hint: |

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| |Feedback: |

| |pp. 192 195 The definitions of these terms should be easy to get from the text. For the first, age differences|

| |seem to only occur under certain circumstances (which you should describe) while under the second age |

| |differences seem more prevalent. |

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|Question 8 |What characterizes a life story and what types of people are more likely to have one? |

|Type:  |Hint: |

|Essay |One way of measuring identity |

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| |Feedback: |

| |pp. 195-199 Life stories are one way of assessing an individual's identity. Coleman says they have four main |

| |characteristics that allow us to distinguish them from a collection of life events; you should describe these |

| |characteristics. |

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|Question 9 |Does culture influence identity? Describe some cultural differences. |

|Type:  |Hint: |

|Essay |  |

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| |Feedback: |

| |pp. 196-197 Yes it does. The work on Dutch and Spanish and/or Chinese, Japanese, and U. S. cultures should be |

| |described. |

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|Question 10 |What relationships have been found between aspects of a person's personality and their health? |

|Type:  |Hint: |

|Essay |  |

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| |Feedback: |

| |pp. 199-203 Several different traits, locus of control, and a positive attitude are all related to health and |

| |well-being. You should describe these relationships (e.g., conscientiousness and longer life). |

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