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|Acidic conditions in the liver as a result of alcoholism is due |Which of the following periods fatty acid across the |

|to build up of? |Mitochondrial membrane? |

|Acetate |Malate |

|Acetoacetate |Lysine |

|Acid tone |Citrate |

|Beta hydroxybuctyric acid |Carnitine |

| | |

|What is quickest to become rancid? |What is required for trans-skeleton reactions? |

|Coconut oil |B-1 |

|Olive oil |B-2 |

|The fat |B. 3 |

|Butter |B-6 |

| | |

|Which of the following vitamin deficiencies is responsible for |In fatty acid biosynthesis which of the following requires NADPH?|

|xerophthalmia? |Acetyl Co A dehydrogenase |

|Retinol |Ketoacyl synthase |

|Thiamine |Ketoacyl reductase |

|Riboflavin |Hydratase |

|Niacin | |

| |Which of the following enzymes is the apoenzyme of a holoenzyme? |

|What leads to ketone body Synthesis? |Proteins |

|( levels of glucose |Vitamins |

|Complete oxidation of fat |Minerals |

|Incomplete oxidation of fats |Carbohydrates |

|Incomplete breakdown of carbohydrates | |

| |Which of the following is a low molecular weight substance that |

|A deficiency of HMG CO-A sentences wall result in which the |hast abide with another substance to be active? |

|following? |. |

|Decrease cholesterol Synthesis |Epimer |

|Increased cholesterol Synthesis | |

|Decrease fat Synthesis | |

|Increased fat Synthesis | |

| |Which the following affects growth factor? |

|If a substance contains 30% starch and 10% Maltose 10% Lactose |Zinc |

|50% Sucrose what % is glucose, Galactose, Fructose? |Selenium |

|70, 10, 10 |Vitamin C. |

|70, 5, 25 |Vitamin E. |

|60, 30, 10 | |

|70, 20, 10 |In which process is glucagons converted to a Monosaccharide |

| |phosphate? |

|Which of the following vitamins is depleted from the body of a |Glycogenolysis |

|person is taking antibiotics? |Glycogensis |

|A |Glycolysis |

|C. |Gluconeogenesis |

|E. | |

|K. |What is an isomere of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate? |

| |Dyhydroacetone phosphate |

|In the electron transport chain what contains copper? |Fructose-6-phosphate |

|Cytochrome C |Glucose-6-phosphate |

|Cytochrome A3 |Pyruvate |

|Cytochrome B | |

|Coenzyme Q | |

| | |

|Gluconeogenesis with lipolysis but no protein synthesis will lead|With the following is a function of enzyme? |

|to? |Decrease the activation energy |

|Starvation |Decreased rate of reaction |

|Being well fed |Consumed in reaction |

|High glucose levels |The catalyce reaction ray product is converted to a substrate |

|High-fat levels | |

| | |

|Which of the following states produces the most fatty acids? |Which of the following does not contain both an acidic and basic |

|Starvation |component? |

|High carbohydrate diet |Alanine |

|High fatty diet |Glutamic acid |

|High protein diet |Citrate |

| |Aspartate |

|After Glycogen has been depleted from the body what is the source| |

|of carbon? | |

|Proteins |Which of the following is an essential fatty acid? |

|Ketones |Linolenic acid |

|Dietary fats |Palmitic acid |

|Endogenous fats |Oleic acid |

| |Stealic acid |

|Which the following has the highest energy compound? | |

|AMP |Which of the following is a precursor to prostaglandin’s? |

|Creatinine phosphate |Ecosanoids |

|Glucose-6-phosphate |Steroids |

|ATP |Glycolipids |

| |Triacylglycerols |

|Which of the following is a negative allosteric inhibitor? | |

|Inorganic phosphate |Which of the following indicates that an amino acid is |

|ATP |nonessential? |

|AMP |Inability of body to synthesize it |

|ADP |Ability of body to synthesize it |

| |Can be obtained from food |

|What substance supplies the main fuel to the brain? |Body does not need it for function |

|Ketones | |

|Proteins |Which of the following is a pyrmidine? |

|Fat |Adenine |

|Glucose |Guanine |

| |Uracil |

|Sucrose is made from the combination of what & what? |Alanine |

|Glucose & lactose | |

|Glucose & fructose |Which of the following is a purine? |

|Glucose & glucose |Guanine |

|Glucose & Galactose |Cytosine |

| |Thynine |

|24. Which of the following vitamins is lethal in high doses? |Uracil |

|Vitamin C. | |

|Vitamin D. |Which of the following is a branch chain amino acid? |

|Vitamin B6 |Leucine |

|Vitamin B3 |Phenyalanine |

| |Tyrosine |

| |Tryptophan |

|Which of the following is a precursor to melatonin? |The most efficient amount protein is in? |

|Serotonin |Eggs |

|Lysine |Peas |

|Niacin |Beef |

|Phenylalanine |Peanuts |

| | |

|Which of the following has a non-polar side chain? |Breakdown what yields urea? |

|Glutamine |CHO |

|Serine |Cholesterol |

|Alanine |Purine |

|Asparagines |Protein |

| | |

|Which of the following bonds are found in secondary protein |The most abundant polar compound of a cell membrane is? |

|structures? |Phosphate portion of phospholipid |

|Peptide |Fatty acid part of a phospholipid |

|H |Cholesterol |

|S |Glycolprotein |

|Ester | |

| |Which of the following is not a natural triglyceride; but is |

|Which of the following is a pentose? |present in hydrogenated triglycerides? |

|Glucose |Cis-fatty acids |

|Ribose |Trans-proteins |

|Fructose |Cis-proteins |

|Galactose |Trans-fatty acids |

| | |

|Which of the following bonds are found in lipids? |Which of the following is not a ketone? |

|Peptide |Actone |

|Disulfate |Acetoacerate |

|Ester |Beta hydroxubutyric acid |

|H |Mavalonate |

| | |

|Decarboxylation of acetoacetate yields what? |A patient with diarrhea and flatulence after injesting milk? |

|Acetone | |

|Acetate | |

|Beta-hydroxybutyric acid | |

|HMG-Coa | |

| | |

|The reason that the TCA cycle cannot proceed under anaerobic |Protein is first broken down in which of the following body |

|conditions? |structures? |

|Cannot regenerate NADPH |Skeletal muscle |

|Cannot regenerate NAD & FAD w/o O2 |Liver |

|Cannot perform substrate level phosphroylation. |Kidney |

|There’s no seal to available for ETC |Stomach |

| | |

|Which of the following is a CTA cycle enzyme? |What amino acids is a precursor to serotonin? |

|Citrate Synthesis |Tryptophan |

| |Tyrosine |

| |Argine |

| |Niacin |

| | |

|Which of the following vitamins are necessary for the maintenance|In the initial step of the of CTA in the combination of acetyl |

|of RBC’s? |CoA & what form citrate? |

|B-1 |Oxaloacetate |

|B-2 |Malate |

|B-6 |Acetoacetate |

|B-12 and folic acid |Pyruvate |

| | |

|What vitamin is used for carboxylation reaction during |Which of the following is a major source of Ca in humans? |

|Gluconeogenesis? |Grains and cereals |

|Biotin |Dairy products |

|Thiamine |Poultry |

|Pyridoxine |Fruit |

|Niacin | |

| |Which of the following minerals is an antioxidant? |

|Glucose to lactate produces |Magnesium |

|2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 CO2 |Copper |

|2 ATP, 0 NADH, 0 CO2 |Chromium |

|0 ATP, 2 NADH, 0 CO2 |Selenium |

|0 ATP, 0 NADH, 2 CO2 | |

| |Glutamate transanimase & alanine transaminase both require? |

|The source of NADPH for fatty acids Synthesis is from? |Pyridoxine |

|TCA |Cobalamine |

|Glycolytic pathway |Thiamine |

|ETC |Niacin |

|Hexose-monophosphate shunt | |

| |An increase in which of the following minerals causes a decrease |

|Which of the following amino acids is ketogenic? |in blood pressure? |

|Lysine |Potassium |

|Cysterine |Na |

|Cytine |Chloride |

|Methionine |P |

| | |

|HMG-CoA reductase is the rate limiting enzyme in? |Dietary vitamin E is absorbed in the intestines by? |

|Glucose breakdown |Amino acids |

|Cholesterol Synthesis |Carbohydrates |

|Glycogen Synthesis |Lipids |

|Glycogen breakdown |Biotin and thiamine |

| | |

|Which CTA cycle intermediate is a mitochondrial membrane |Due to liver storage and enteropathic recycling sings of a |

|transporter? |deficiency of what vitamin may not be visible for five to six |

|Fumerate |years? |

|Alpha KG |B-1 |

|Citrate |B-2 |

|Succinal CoA |B-6 |

| |B-12 |

|What enzyme issues for breakdown of glycogen? | |

|Glycogen phosphorlace | |

|Glycogen synthesis | |

|Hexokinase | |

|Glucokinase | |

| | |

|Which of the following is an important adjunct for glucose? |If you ingest 200g of carbohydrates it will yield how many |

|Chromium |Kcalories? |

|Copper |100 |

|Mg |200 |

|Zn |800 |

| |1200 |

|The intramitochondrial space is the? Acidic than matrix because | |

|there is more ? in the intramitochondrial space than the matrix? |Which of the following is an intermediate in fatty acids |

|More, hydrogen ions |Synthesis? |

|Less, hydrogen ions |Malonyl CoA |

|More, hydroxial ions |HMG CoA |

|Less, hydroxal ions |Acetyl CoA |

| |Mevalonate |

|The build-up of cholesterol will inhabit? | |

|. |Which of the following compounds is a component of NADH & NADPH? |

|. |Biotin |

|HMG CoA reductase |Riboflavin |

|Phosophofructokinase |Niacin |

| |Pyroxidonine |

|Oxidation of fatty acids yielding CO2 & water through beta | |

|oxidation also goes through? |What CHO has RNA as its major component? |

|TCA a Gluconeogenesis |Glucose |

|HMP shunt & TCA |Ribose |

|TCA & ETC |Fructose |

|HMP & Gluconeogenesis |Alpha deoxyribose |

| | |

|Which of the following represents transcription? | |

|DNA ( mRNA | |

|RNA ( DNA | |

|RNA ( protein | |

|DNA ( DNA (Replication) | |

| | |

| | |

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