REVIEW EACH OF THE FOLLOWING SCENARIOS AND …
Review each of the following scenarios and indicate which statistical test would be most appropriate to analyze that scenario. For each scenario, identify the variables (and levels, as applicable), and its scale of measurement.
Choose from the following statistics (Each Only Used Once):
Dependent-Samples t Test
One-Factor (One-Way) Repeated Measures ANOVA
Independent-Samples t Test
One-way ANOVA
One-Factor (One-Way) Analysis of Covariance
Factorial (Two-way) ANOVA
1. As part of a two-week treatment for phobias, a therapist measured the general anxiety level of each client four times: before, after one week of treatment, at the end of the treatment, and four months later. What statistical test would be used to determine the effectiveness of the treatment?
2. Children (mean age = 6 years) who ate breakfast at school participated in an experiment to determine the effect of sugar on activity. On some days a particular child received sugar with breakfast and on other days the child did not. This was true for all the children in the study. Later in the day each child was observed and activity recorded.
3. An experimenter is interested in the effect of expectations and drugs on alertness. Each participant is given an amphetamine (stimulant) or a placebo (an inert substance). In addition, half of each group is told that the drug taken was a stimulant and half that the drug was a depressant. An alertness score for each participant is obtained from a composite of measures that included a questionnaire and observation.
4. The districts high school cafeteria manager is dismayed by the amount of food that is left on plates. One way to reduce waste is to prepare the food using a tastier recipe. Suppose that three unique recipes for the entrée are served (all other items being equal) at three different school cafeterias (from peer schools). As the plates are cleaned in the kitchen, the amount of entrée left on the plates is recorded. How might the manager gauge the preference of the recipes?
5. A consumer testing group compared two leading laundry detergents to determine which got laundry whiter. White towels that had been subjected to a variety of filthy treatments were randomly assigned to one of the two detergents. After washing, each set of towels was tested with a photometer for the amount of light reflected (testing their cleanliness). What is the statistical test that should be used to compare the two detergents?
6. Based on research from the National High School and Beyond Study, males have been shown to have significantly higher mathematics achievement scores than females. A researcher wishes to explore this hypothesis; however, she contends that this difference may be due to differences in the number of math courses taken by the male and female students. What statistical test would she use to test mathematics achievement score differences between males and females controlling for the effect of the number of mathematics courses that the male and female students had previously taken.
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