CITING A SOURCE WITHIN A SOURCE
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CITING A SOURCE WITHIN A SOURCE
What does it mean to cite a source within a source?
The APA defines secondary source (sometimes called an indirect source) as a source that cites
other primary or original sources. For example, if you read an article by Brown (2013) and that
author cites Smith (2012), Smith is considered the direct or original source and Brown is the
secondary or indirect source.
How do I cite a source within a source?
To properly cite a source within a source, you need to acknowledge the original author as well as
the source you found those ideas in. See the examples below.
Example #1: The writer has read an article by Sloan (2015), which cites an article by Smith.
Proper Citation: According to Smith (as cited in Sloan, 2015) students need support to succeed.
Introduce the original source
of the idea (Smith).
Cite the indirect source (Sloan) using ¡°as
cited in¡¡±
Example #2: The writer wants to discuss Lee¡¯s study who was cited in Brown¡¯s (2014) article.
Proper Citation: Coffee helps students stay awake to study (Lee, as cited in Brown, 2014).
Give credit to original
author of the idea (Lee).
Communicate that the information from Lee was
found within Brown (2014).
Example #3: The writer wishes to use a quote from Parker who was also quoted in an article by
Miles (2013).
Proper Citation: Parker (as cited in Miles, 2013) stated that ¡°drinking coffee black is healthier¡± (p. 5).
Introduce original
writer (Parker).
Show the quote was
found within Miles (2013).
Use quotation marks and include the
page number for where the quote is
located in the source you read it in.
What do I include in the reference list?
In your reference list, only include the secondary source (the source you read). For example, if you
read an article by Jones (2016) and that author cites Lassitter, only include Jones (2016) within the
reference list.
When should I use secondary (indirect) sources?
Only use a secondary source when you cannot locate or access the original source. If you find
information from another author within a source you read, try to locate that original source rather
than citing the indirect source.
Created by Dr. Christy Fraenza in 2016
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