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Standard 3 Civil War and Reconstruction Study GuideAbraham Lincoln being elected President caused South Carolina to secede because they felt he would abolish slavery in the south.The Civil War started with the firing on Fort Sumter 1861 and ended with Lee’s surrender at Appomattox Courthouse 1865.Know key People: Presidents, Generals and BattlesSherman’s taking Atlanta greatly impact the election of 1864 because it assured people in the North that victory was in sight, thereby increasing the popularity of President Lincoln and allowing him to win re-election.Jefferson Davis wanted to fight a war of attrition, in which the South would: defend its territory hoping to resist long enough the enemy would give up.The advantages enjoyed by the North during the Civil War:More railways for transporting people and supplies.More factories to produce goods necessary for warGreater population of people In the end, the following factors contributed to the South’s defeat in the Civil War:The North had too many resources and too much manpower for the South to keep up its fight.The North’s Anaconda Plan called for all of the following: A blockade of Confederate ports.Controlling the Mississippi River with gunboats.Dividing the Confederacy and exhausting its resources, forcing surrender.In their plans for Reconstruction, both President Abraham Lincoln and President Andrew Johnson wanted to allow the Southern States to reenter the nation as quickly as possible The following are effects of Reconstruction on the South: 1. Southern resentment grew due to “carpetbaggers’ and Republican policies. 2. Many southern blacks became sharecroppers and tenant farmers, while others came to occupy political offices at both the state and national level. 3. Groups like the Ku Klux Klan came into being. The poll tax, the literacy test, and the actions of the Ku Klux Klan were all attempts to limit the effectiveness of the 14th and 15th amendments. Booker T. Washington believed that the quickest way for African Americans to achieve equality was to expand their opportunities for vocational education so they could get jobs and support themselves. "Although important strides were made, Reconstruction failed to provide lasting guarantees of the civil rights of the freedmen.” This statement is supported by the following pieces of evidence:passage of Jim Crow laws in the latter part of the 19th century ratification of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments passage of the Civil Rights Acts of 1866 Know the philosophies of Booker T. Washington and WEB Dubois on how to make life better for African AmericansThe role of the Freedmen’s Bureau was to provide assistance and relief to emancipated slaves, by doing things like providing meals, education, and sometimes land.Churches housed schools, hosted social events and political gatherings, and were the center of many African The main intent of the literacy tests were to prevent African Americans from exercising the basic right of voting.The Jim Crow laws of the post-Civil War Era were attempts by state and local governments to restrict the freedoms of African Americans. After the passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments, African Americans continued to experience political and economic oppression mainly because Southern legislatures enacted Jim Crow laws that kept African Americans and whites separate.The Jim Crow laws, upheld by the Supreme Court in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), provided for separate public facilities based on race. The effect the system of sharecropping had on the South after the Civil War was it kept people that had been slaves economically dependent. This means that they depended on whites for money. If you depend on someone for money you are not free to make your own choices. The effect of the Thirteenth Amendment on the United States was it ended the slavery debate forever by outlawing the institution throughout the country.Reconstruction ended predominantly (mainly) because of a compromise that put the Republican candidate in the White House in exchange for withdrawing Union forces from the South and giving power back to state governments. It was called the Compromise of 1877.Plessey v. Ferguson is a Supreme Court case that supported Jim Crow Laws that made blacks and whites use separate facilities and sit in separate sections of restaurants, buses and theaters. The facilities were supposed to be equal, but not usually the case. “Separate but Equal”The outcome of the election that made Rutherford B. Hayes president is known as the Compromise of 1877 and formally ended reconstruction.1.13th Amendment: Abolished slavery2.14th Amendment: Gave blacks citizenship3.15th Amendment: This amendment granted black men the right to vote.4.54th Massachusetts: An all African American regiment famous for their assault on Fort Wagner.5.Appotomattox: the courthouse where Lee surrendered to Grant6.assassinated: To murder for political reasons. Ex. Abraham Lincoln was _____________ by John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theater on April 14, 1865.7.Battle of Antietam: Civil War battle in which the North succeeded in halting Lee's Confederate forces in Maryland. Was the bloodiest single day of the war and allowed Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.8.Battle of Gettysburg: Turning point of the War in which 50,000 people died, and the South lost its chance to invade the North.9.Battle of Vicksburg: With a Union victory, the north now controlled the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy in half.10.Black Codes: laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War11.Black Codes: laws that were passed to limit African-American freedoms in the South after the Civil War12.Booker T. Washington: Black leader at the turn of the century, believed that blacks would eventually achieve political rights/equality after they made economic gains. Told blacks to focus on education and building economic success first. Founded Tuskeegee Institute.13.Carpet Bagger: a northerner who went to the south to get political or other advantages in the civil war primise of 1877: Allowed Rutherford Hayes to become president, in return all military rule that still existed in south had to be removed. Marks end of Reconstruction15.Confederate States of America: Name of country the South created by seceeding from the Union.16.Frederick Douglas: Self-educated slave who escaped in 1838, Douglas became the best-known abolitionist speaker. He edited an anti-slavery weekly, the North Star.17.Freedmen's Bureau: 1865 - Agency set up to aid former slaves in adjusting themselves to freedom. It furnished food and clothing to needy blacks and helped them get jobs18.Habeas Corpus: a person can't be held in prison without first being charged with a crime19.Jim Crow Laws: Laws enacted by Southern state and local governments to separate white and black people in public and private facilities20.Ku Klux Klan: a secret society created by white southerners in 1866 that used terror and violence to keep african americans from obtaining their civil rights21.Ku Klux Klan: An organization of white supremacists that used lynchings, beatings, and threats to control the black population in the United States.22.Reconstruction: the period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union23.Robert E. Lee: A top graduate of West Point, he distinguished himself as an exceptional soldier in the U.S. Army for thirty-two years. He is best known for fighting on behalf of the Confederate Army in the American Civil War.24.Scalawag: white Southerner supporting Reconstruction policies after the Civil War usually for self-interest25.Secession: the act of withdrawing from an organization, union, or especially a political entity26.suffrage: The right to vote27.Ulysses S. Grant: an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States. He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War.28.WEB Dubois: 1st black to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregation and discrimination, helped create NAACP in ................
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