HISTORY 12



UNIT TEST HISTORY 12Unit 1 Conflict and Challenge - The World of 1919 explain the significance of nationalism and imperialism in the world of 1919 with reference to the changed map of Europe and the Middle Eastthe Mandate systemevaluate the Paris Peace Conference in terms ofcontributions and positions of participantsoutcomesevaluate ways in which Lenin transformed the USSR, with reference to the Russian revolutionsthe Russian Civil Warthe New Economic policyFormatMultiple ChoiceWritten Response/Paragraph QuestionTo what extent did the Treaty of Versailles satisfy each of the Big Three leaders?Explain the reasons for the failure of the League of Nations.Explain the factors that contributed to the November 1917 Revolution in Russia?Outline/ChartUse the outline or chart provided in the organization and planning page to plan the paragraph before writing it.Question: To what extent did the Treaty of Versailles satisfy each of the Big Three leaders?ObjectivesSatisfiedNot SatisfiedWilsonLeague of Nations establishedself-determination in Eastern Europe (Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia)disarmament (military restrictions)most of the Fourteen Points were ignored or rejectedonly the defeated powers were disarmedBritain refused to accept freedom of seasBritain, France, Belgium refused to allow self-determination to their coloniesAnschluss was deniedSenate refused to accept the treaty or join the League of NationsFourteen Points repay war loansresume the free flow of trade and maintain robust economydid not want to cripple GermanyClemenceauArticle 231disarmament (military restrictions)Alsace-Lorraine returnedreceived German coloniesreceived Saar coalfields for only 15 yearsRhineland only demilitarized not an independent countryreparations not high enoughnational security remove military threat reparationsfinancial compensation for damages revenge and punishmentLloyd Georgereduction of the German navyreceived German coloniesdid not support League of Nationsopposed self-determinationreparations too highensure security of sea lanes to its empirereduce German navydid not want to cripple GermanyQuestion: Explain the reasons for the failure of the League of Nations.ReasonExplanationincomplete membershipU.S. absence from the League weakened effectiveness of economic sanctions against aggressors since the aggressor nation can obtain supplies from the U.SU.S. absence left Britain and France as the only major powers in the League but they preferred direct negotiations between states and refused to place their affairs in the hand of an impotent organization U.S., Germany and USSR were not members of the League impairing its abilitylack of power and enforcementthe League had no adequate means to enforce its will on offenders as it did not have an armyalthough it had the power to impose economic sanctions if often lacked the will to do sostructure of the Leaguethe decisions of the Assembly had to be unanimous which was difficult to achieve and paralyzed the Leaguethe members of the Council were able to veto League action thus preventing it from doing anything Depressionthe Depression made countries try to get more land and powercountries did not want to impose sanctions and further reduce trade during the economic crisisnationalismlarge countries were unwilling to be told what to do by larger countries and Japan, Italy and Germany still viewed war as means of national advancementattitude of members towards Leaguethe major powers did not take the League seriously and undermined its effectiveness; Italy and Japan betrayed the League and Britain and France did not do enough to make it workQuestion: Explain the factors that contributed to the November 1917 Revolution in Russia.FactorExplanationProvisional Government problemsthe war, land reform, divisions with the government and challenge to its authority from the Petrograd Soviet created problems for the Provisional Government and weakened iteconomic conditionseconomic conditions had not improved (inflation and food shortages) since the March Revolution and were even worsePetrograd Sovietthe Petrograd Soviet passed Order Number 1 which stated soldiers should not take orders from officers but rather regiment committeesLenin demanded “All Power to the Soviets”the Bolsheviks won control of the Petrograd Soviet after the Kornilov AffairRed Guardsa private Bolshevik army, the Red Guards, dedicated to the revolution was established and gave the Bolsheviks the military power to overthrow the Provisional GovernmentLeninLenin was an effective leader, determined; he was ruthless, brilliant speaker and good plannerApril Thesis“Peace, Bread, and Land” appealed to many people who were impatient for change Kornilov Affairthe Bolshevik Red Guards (Petrograd Soviet) demonstrated their power when they prevented Kornilov’s attempted coupthe army lost credibilitythe right wing factions felt Kornilov was betrayed while the left wing faction felt the government plotted to destroy them and the subsequent split in the Duma was the turning point in the left-right wing disputeQuestion: To what extent did the Treaty of Versailles satisfy each of the Big Three leaders?Lloyd George, Clemenceau, and Wilson were satisfied with some of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles but mostly not satisfied with the treaty. Lloyd George was satisfied with the reduction of the Germany navy and receiving German colonies. However, he was not satisfied with the League of Nations which he did not support and self-determination which he thought was a bad idea. He thought the reparations were too high. Clemenceau was satisfied with Article 231 which forced Germany to accept responsibility for starting the war, the military restrictions that weakened Germany's army and the return of Alsace-Lorraine as well as receiving German colonies. But he wanted the Saar coalfield permanently not for just 15 years. He thought the demilitarization of the Rhineland was not enough and would rather have it become an independent country. Clemenceau did not think the reparations were high enough. Wilson was satisfied with the establishment of the League of Nations, implementation of self-determination in Eastern Europe and the disarmament of Germany. However, he was not satisfied that most of the Fourteen Points were ignored or rejected. He thought reparations were too high and would cripple Germany. Wilson was disappointed that only the defeated nations were disarmed. He was not satisfied that Britain refused to accept freedom of the seas as well as self-determination for the colonies of Britain, France and Belgium. He was not pleased that Anschluss was denied. Most importantly, Wilson was disappointed that the Senate refused to approve the treaty or join the League of Nations. center000 ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download