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Unit 5: Post Slavery AmericaP.P. 1 of 3 Buffalo Soldiers8212414263400African Americans have fought in military conflicts since colonial days. However, the ___________________ _____________________, comprised of former slaves, freemen and Black Civil War soldiers, were the first to serve during peacetime.Official BeginningsJuly 28th, 1866, provisions were made for the Negroes to serve in the ___________________Six regiments, 2 of Cavalry and 4 of infantry were authorized The Ninth (9th) and Tenth (10th) U.S. ____________________ Regiments *These ___________________ would become known as The Buffalo Soldiers What did they do?Guarded the _________________________________________ stage coaches, cattle drives, railroads crews and surveyorsBuilt ____________and telegraph linesMapped and ____________________Played a major part in building the ___________ and making it safe for the coming westward expansion. 51847755715Role in the Indian WarsThe 9th and 10th conducted campaigns against _______________ __________________ ___________ on the western frontier extending from Montana in the NW to Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona in the SW. During this time, approximately _______ of the U.S. Cavalry troopers were Black. They fought in over _________ engagements during the Indian WarsWhy the term “Buffalo Soldier”-11081028765500There are several possible origins for the 9th & 10th cav.’s name:combat prowess, ________________, tenaciousness, and looks on the battlefieldname symbolized the Native Americans’ ______________for the Buffalo Soldiers' bravery and valor because of the Negro's dark and strange kinky hair was so ___________ to the buffalothe Plains Indians felt that like the mighty buffalo, the Buffalo Soldiers fought __________________________ to the end. 535813011620500Why did they want to join the Army?the chance for social and ____________________ betterment. (Something difficult to achieve in a society all but closed to them) they were ________, but many did not have skills to go forward or a place to go. (So many felt that the army would be a new home) the ____________________ of being sent west to help tame an untamed wilderness this could lead them to their great ______________--building a new life on their own landthe prospect of learning how to _____________________--they felt this would bring them closer to learning and therefore to earning the respect of the white men (knowing what the white man knew would help them survive and prosper)What hardships did they face?Enlisted for a minimum of _____ years Received the basic troopers pay of ___________________ per month, plus quarters, meals and uniformsMost started with uniforms and equipment that was castoff remnants of both _________________ armiesReceived the crippled and sickly _______________ left from the Civil War. (Up until now, the cavalry had always been given the finest of horses)Served two continuous decades on the ____________________ and in the mountains and deserts of New Mexico and ArizonaArrived at Fort Stockton and Davis to find the forts were in disrepair and required complete _____________________ by them.620077519377300Interesting FactsA woman, ________________ _______________, disguised herself as a man and served as a Buffalo Soldier from 1866 to 1868. At least 18 _____________ _____ __________________ were presented to Buffalo Soldiers during the Western Campaigns. (Similarly, 23 African Americans received the nation's highest military award during the Civil War.)left571900George Armstrong Custer turned down a ______________________ of the Buffalo Soldiers. When he was given a commission with the Buffalo Soldiers of the Ninth U.S. Cavalry, he refused to accept it. (To their good fortune). He was not the only officer to refuse a commission. Ironically, these very same Buffalo Soldiers ended up _______________________ Custer and his command when he and his men were pinned down during an engagement.Other Notable History:Buffalo Soldiers participated in many other military campaigns: 4504339847600The _________________ _____________________ WarThe Philippine Insurrection The Mexican Expedition____________________________________________The Korean Police ActionChased bandit ________________ ____________Fought with ___________________ _____________________ at San Juan HillThe 9th Cavalry was Guard of Honor for President T. Roosevelt when he visited San Francisco and the Presidio. This was the first time black cavalry soldiers served as _________________for a U.S. President.Timeline 1862: (November) first all-black unit formed, the 1st regiment of South Carolina Volunteers. 1866: (July) Congress approves legislation creating six all black regiments in the U.S. army: he 9th and 10th cavalry, and the 38th, 39th, 40th, and 41st infantry. 1869: the four infantry regiments consolidated into two — the 24th and 25th. 1869: the 9th and 10th cavalry and the 24th infantry sent to the frontier to fight in the Indian Wars. 1871: term "Buffalo Soldier" first used. Spanish-American war: 9th and 10th cavalry and 24th and 25th infantry sent to Cuba. Cavalry marches alongside the infantry, since horses were still at sea. The Buffalo Soldiers participate in battle of San Juan Hill, alongside future president Theodore Roosevelt. 1899-1909: portions of all four Buffalo Soldier regiments and two new black volunteer regiments see action in the Philippines. 1903: Buffalo Soldiers assigned to patrol national parks in California, including Yosemite, General Grant, Sequoia and the Presidio. Captain Charles Young, the third black West Point graduate, was named Acting Superintendent of Sequoia National Park. The Buffalo Soldiers continue to patrol the parks until the National Park Service was created in 1916. 1915: participate in America's punitive expedition into Mexico in pursuit of Pancho Villa. 1950s: the U.S. army integrates, ending the glorious tradition and service of the Buffalo Soldiers. ................
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