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Round 1Buzzer Question: “What is your favorite food?”Tossups:This man dealt with the controversy surrounding the fallout of the Yazoo land scandal. Bushrod Washington and Joseph Story allied themselves with this man when he enforced the supremacy clause in Cohens vs. Virginia. This man joined Elbridge Gerry and Charles Pinckney in their encounter with the agents of Talleyrand during the XYZ Affair. He later affirmed the central government’s authority to create the Second Bank of the United States, and his decision in another case served as the basis for the doctrine of judicial review. For ten points, name this longest serving Chief Justice, best known for his decisions in McCulloch v. Maryland and Marbury v. Madison. Answer: John MarshallThis man included poems such as “February. Take ink and weep” and “The Weeping Garden” in his collection My Sister, Life. This man wrote about Serezha (ser-ray-jah) working as a tutor in Moscow in his novella The Last Summer. One of this man’s works starts at a funeral for the main character’s mother, Marya. Pasha kills himself upon learning of his wife’s escape later in that same novel, which also sees the title character encourage Komarovsky to leave the Soviet Union with Lara. Forced to give up the Nobel Prize in Literature this was, for ten points, what author of the novel Doctor Zhivago?Answer: Boris PasternakContrary to the classical style at the time, the “development” section of this work’s first movement has a solo horn enter in with the main theme four measures before the strings begin the recapitulation. This work’s allegro molto finale borrows themes from its composer’s earlier work The Creatures of Prometheus, while its second movement, a funeral march, was used to honor FDR and JFK during their funerals. For ten points, name this Beethoven Symphony that was rededicated to his patron after Beethoven Napoleon chose to become Emperor of France.Answer: “Eroica” Symphony / Beethoven’s Symphony No 3 in Eb Major / Beethoven’s Opus 55 [Beethoven and Symphony do not need to be included after their mention] Decibels help express ratios using this function. In prime number theory, this function is applied to a series of primes, which are then summed in the Chebyshev functions. The Mercator series uses one form of this function “of one plus x” and these functions contain mantissas. Discrete versions of these functions are used in cryptography. One type of this function has the derivative of one over x and they were first introduced by Scottish mathematician John Napier. This operation’s common type uses a base of 10. For ten points, name this function, the opposite of exponentiation. Answer: logarithmAside from the Schulze method, specific types such as this concept’s “tactical” form and “cloning” may be used to thwart the Borda count method. This action is governed by the Gibbard-Satterthwaite (sat-her-th-wait) theorem and this social practice can become cyclic according to the Condorcet paradox. One theory surrounding this practice assumes there is monotonicity, unrestricted domains, and an absence of dictatorships. Described by Arrow’s Impossibility theorem this is, for ten points, what political practice used by democratic systems to choose a candidate?Answer: voting [prompt on “elections”]It describes boys “sobbing in armies” and old men “sobbing in parks” in its second section, which starts by asking “what sphinx of cement and aluminum bashed open their skulls…” The author of this poem tells its dedicatee that he sees him “dripping from a sea journey on the highway across America,” and frequently uses the refrain “I am with you in Rockland.” Its second section makes frequent reference to the Canaanite god Moloch and this poem begins by stating “I’ve seen the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness.” For ten points, name this Beat poem by Allen Ginsberg. Answer: “Howl”Young men had to swear the Ephebic Oath to become citizens in this polity, then had their names registered on demes (dem-eez). The death of a herald from this city led to the installation of the Megarian decree, which may have sparked a conflict that saw the defeat of this city in the Sicilian Expedition. It was famously led by Lysander’s “thirty tyrants” and it likewise engaged in a practice known as “ostracism.” A plague weakened this leading city of the Delian League in a conflict recounted by one of its generals, Thucydides. Led by Pericles during its golden age, for ten points, name this city-state that opposed Sparta during the Peloponnesian War.Answer: AthensGarabogazkol (gara-bog-az-kohl) is a lagoon on this body of water, the original habitat of the zebra mussel. Chechen Island lies on the western part of this body of water. The Alborz mountain range runs along the southern coast of this body of water and then merges into a mountain range in Khorasan. Cities on this body of water include Turkmenbasi, Derbent, Atyrau (a-tear-ow), and Baku. Some of the Caucasus Mountains can be found on its eastern banks and the Volga is the largest river to flow into this body of water. For ten points, name this largest lake in the world which borders Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, and Russia. Answer: Caspian SeaThis man’s appointment to the Gunpowder Commission earned him a permanent laboratory in the Royal Arsenal, and he once studied Joseph Black’s theories regarding calcination. He believed that liquids were formed when solid particles joined with “caloric” and discovered atmospheric nitrogen, a gas he called “azote.” This scientist claimed that acidity was derived from the presence of oxygen and in one work he proposed the law of conservation of mass. Aside from authoring the Elementary Treatise on Chemistry, he built upon the work of Joseph Priestley to finally disprove the phlogiston theory. For ten points name this French scientist, often called the “Father of Modern Chemistry.”Answer: Antoine-Laurent de LavoisierOne interpretation of the positioning of this piece states that the number of different objects reflects the Fibonacci sequence, while another makes references to symbols of the sacred feminine. Three windows backlight the scene, showing mountains and a lake off in the distance. This painting was thought to once depict the central figure’s feet, but that portion of this painting has since been removed. Another figure holds a knife behind him in one hand while whispering to John and another can be seen clutching a bag of coins. For ten points, name this painting, housed in the Santa Maria Delle Grazie’s refectory in Milan that shows Jesus and his disciples at a dinner table, a work by Leonardo Da Vinci. Answer: The Last Supper (also accept Il Cenacolo or L'Ultima Cena)One character in this novel has a profitable livestock business whilst married to Petra. A rich Belgian man is lead into town on a silk leash and tries to found an airmail service in this novel. Aside from Gaston, this book contains a character that is followed by yellow butterflies and another character named Remedios, who ascends into heaven one afternoon. The gypsy Melquiades provides one family’s patriarch with several esoteric scrolls that eventually drive him mad. It opens with one character remembering a journey to acquire ice whilst facing a firing squad. Set in the town of Macondo this is, for ten points, what magical realist novel about the Buendia family, written by Gabriel Garcia Marquez?Answer: One Hundred Years of Solitude or Cien A?os de SoledadAn archaeological site at La Chapelle-aux-Saints was found to possess artifacts produced by these people. One theory claims their demise was linked to the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption and some remains in Shanidar suggest they might have buried their dead. They possessed a pronounced supraorbital torus and currently one of the most popular theories for their disappearance claims they may have interbred with Cro-Magnons. Named after a valley in Germany these are, for ten points, what prehistoric human subspecies that likely lived alongside modern humans until about 40,000 years ago?Answer: Neanderthal or Neandertal [prompt on “Homo sapiens” or “humans” until Cro-Magnons is read]This event was initiated by the Women’s Political Council at the behest of its then leader, Jo Ann Robinson. Some participants of this event were arrested and thrown in prison under a law that made it illegal to enter a conspiracy to interfere with business without just cause. This event was ended with the decision made in Browder v Gayle, and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference was founded by Martin Luther King Jr. shortly after this event. This event was ensured longevity by the organization of carpools and reduced taxi fare. For ten points, name this early protest in the Civil Rights Movement that was instigated by Rosa Parks being forced to vacate her seat on an Alabama bus.Answer: Montgomery Bus BoycottDarwin famously called the evolution of these structures an “abominable mystery” due to their seemingly abrupt origin and their rapid diversification. These structures are known to exhibit herkogamy and dichogamy to ensure diverse sexual reproduction. These structures contain the perianth and a major relationship involving these structures is studied in anthecology. The female gametophyte in these structures has seven cells with eight nuclei which are used during the process of double fertilization. For ten points, name these structures of plants that produce nectar to entice pollination by insects.Answer: flowersThis man stated that “Promises, covenants, and oaths can have no hold on an atheist,” and he believed that rightful kings are the direct descendants of Adam. In a discussion of freedom, this man said that children’s subjection to parents can coincide with man’s natural freedom. This philosopher advocated for the separation of church and state and this thinker also claimed that God exists with the second highest degree of certainty in his “Letter Concerning Toleration.” This philosopher believed that men must secure “life, liberty, and estate” and that revolution is justified when the government works against the interest of its citizens. For ten points, name this English thinker who wrote Two Treatises of Government. Answer: John LockeAlong with Plautus and Masquerado, this figure is one of the main characters of Jonson’s work Love Restored. In one scene, this character states how he will lead two characters “up and down, up and down,” through a dense fog and how he can “put a girdle round about the earth in forty minutes.” He was once mistaken for a three-legged stool and was tasked with procuring the flower “love-in-idleness.” This character asks the audience to “give me your hands if we be friends” and replaces an actor’s head with that of a donkey. For ten points, name this “merry wanderer of the night”, the servant of Oberon.Answer: Puck (accept Robin Goodfellow)This band’s lead vocalist made his last recording on the song “Mother Love” which appeared on their album Made in Heaven. One of their most notable songs states “I have had my share of sand kicked in my face/But I’ve come through,” and that song appears on their album News of the World. In more recent years Brian May and Roger Taylor have been performing alongside Paul Rodgers. Shortly after releasing Sheer Heart Attack, this band released a song that included the lyric “so you think you can stone me and spit in my eye?” on their album A Night at the Opera. For ten points, name this British rock band known for the songs “We Are the Champions,” and “Bohemian Rhapsody.”Answer: QueenAn old muzzle-loading cannon used during this conflict was called the “International Gun” because it combined a British barrel, Italian carriage, and Russian shells. An international task-force known as the Seymour expedition sought to quell this event. In the lead up to this conflict a Japanese official was killed by the Kansu Braves at Yongding Gate. During this conflict the Eight Nation Alliance relieved the Siege of the Legations. This conflict ended in a namesake protocol and granted Austria-Hungary a concession in Tianjin. For ten points, name this rebellion of the Righteous Harmonious Fists in late 19th century China.Answer: Boxer Rebellion [accept Yihuetan Movement]One of these figures in Slavic mythology was Dazbog, while in Mesopotamia these beings included Shamash and Utu. The Syrian deity El Gabal was one of these figures and another of these figures was fathered by a ball of feathers in Aztec myth. The Vedic tradition holds Surya to be one of these figures and a deity of this type was lured out of a cave using a mirror in Shinto belief. Atet was a ship associated with one of these gods which would be assaulted nightly by Apophis. That god was separated into the aspects Aten, Khnum, and Amun. For ten points, name these mythical deities that include Helios, Amaterasu, and Ra.Answer: sun deities [accept obvious equivalents like solar gods, prompt on gods of “light”]This phenomenon explains the increase in pulsar periods due to alternating movement, in a phenomenon also known as the Shklovskii effect. Mossbauer spectroscopy, which uses gamma rays to study nuclear structure, relies on a similarly named effect and this phenomenon. When considering the influence of time dilation this effect has relativistic and differential forms. This effect is used in the process of laser cooling, and it explains redshift in galaxies moving farther away. For ten points, name this effect in which the apparent frequency of a moving source of sound or light changes relative to a stationary observer. Answer: Doppler EffectDuring this battle, one officer failed to bring ammunition packs to help his side, contributing to their loss at this battle. Hundreds of troops at this battle ended up trapped at Minneconjou (mini-con-ju) Ford after repeatedly attempting to cross a river. Recounts of this battle often feature the Lone Teepee, and leaders on one side were Frederick Benteen and Marcus Reno. Crazy Horse and Chief Gall lead the irregular forces that included Lakota and Northern Cheyenne. For ten points, name this battle where George Armstrong Custer was killed.Answer: Battle of Little BighornBonuses:This artist made a short film which was just eight minutes and five seconds of the Empire State Building. For ten points each: [10] Name this artist who, besides filming Empire, painted fifty portraits of Marilyn Monroe using silkscreen in his Marilyn Diptych.Answer: Andy Warhol[10] Andy Warhol is famous for creating another work where he printed a painting of this item on thirty-two canvases.Answer: Campbell’s soup cans[10] Andy Warhol also made this film in which follows the titular women that live at a hotel. Answer: Chelsea GirlsOhm’s law states that the voltage between two points in a circuit is proportional to this quantity. For ten points each:[10] Give this quantity that measures the flow of electric charge which is often symbolized “I.”Answer: current[10] This type of current reverses its direction at regular intervals and lets transformers increase or decrease the voltage, allowing for transmission across great distances.Answer: alternating current (accept AC)[10] This property of a conductor is caused by a change in current which creates an electromotive force in the conductor. Answer: inductanceThis mountain range is home to Pike’s Peak and Banff National Park. For ten points each: [10] Name this mountain range that runs from British Columbia to New Mexico. Answer: Rocky Mountains[10] Parallel to the Rockies is the Sierra Nevada, in which lies this lake on the border between Nevada and California.Answer: Lake Tahoe[10] Also in the Sierra Nevada is this mountain which is named Tumanguya by the Paiute. It is the highest summit in the lower 48 states. Answer: Mount WhitneyOne of the largest examples of these structures was built by the Toltec in Teotihuacan. For ten points each:[10] Name this type of structure, usually built of brick or stone, which were used as shrines or tombs. Examples include a “bent” one in Dahshur and the “great” ones in Giza.Answer: pyramid[10] Associated with Asclepius, this royal architect designed the first step pyramid in Saqqara and may have been the first to use stone columns to support a building.Answer: Imhotep[10] Imhotep served as chancellor to this pharaoh. He designed the step pyramid to serve as this ruler’s tomb. Answer: DjoserFor ten points each, answer some questions about Jason and the quest for the Golden Fleece: [10] Figures like Castor and Pollux, Laertes, Atalanta, and Theseus all were members of this mythical crew who sought the fleece.Answer: Argonauts[10] Along the way, Hylas, the servant of this Argonaut, was kidnapped by water nymphs. This Argonaut searched for Hylas for a long time before returning to complete his twelve labors.Answer: Hercules or Heracles[10] The Argonauts stopped at this city near the modern-day-country of Georgia, where Jason was aided by the king’s sorceress daughter Medea in completing three tasks in exchange for the fleece.Answer: Colchis6. One character in this novel spends his time finding lost cats. For ten points each:[10] Name this novel which alternates between the story of Nakata and the titular character who ran away from home to search for his lost sister and mother. Answer: Kafka on the Shore[10] This author of Kafka on the Shore also wrote about Toru Watanabe’s college days in the novel Norwegian Wood.Answer: Haruki Murakami[10] In another Murakami novel, an unnamed narrator is contacted by ‘the Boss’ to trace the whereabouts of a magical one of these animals he sees in a photo.Answer: sheep [accept Wild Sheep Chase]7. Shields, fissure vents, and cryptodomes are all examples of this geological phenomena. For ten points each: [10] Name these geological features that form most commonly in the ocean where tectonic plates converge and diverge, allowing pressurized hot gas, ash, and magma through.Answer: volcanoes[10] Hawaii, Yellowstone, and Iceland are all examples of these regions where volcanoes are formed away from tectonic plate boundaries. These areas are thought to occur because of mantle plumes.Answer: hotspots[10] This second largest volcano in the world is this primary volcanic contributor to the island of Hawaii. It is the only one of 5 “big island” volcanoes to be a part of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park.Answer: Mauna Loa8. Non-state theories regarding this practice claim that it is an unconscious adaptation of a role. For ten points each:[10] Name this process of inducing an altered mental state, in which the subjects demonstrate increased conscious attachment, heightened memory, and increased susceptibility to suggestion.Answer: hypnosis[10] Many of the principles of hypnosis were derived from the work of this German physician. His name is now synonymous with any trance-like state or condition of bewilderment. Answer: Franz Mesmer[10] Franz Mesmer’s theories derive from his belief in this pseudoscientific force believed to influence all living entities. Mesmer believed that proper manipulation of this force could be used for both bodily and mental healing. Answer: animal magnetism9. One of this project’s longtime benefactors was Leland Stanford. For ten points each:[10] Name this major network that was completed at Promontory Point, Utah. Its construction was aided in part by a mass influx of Cantonese immigrant workers.Answer: First Transcontinental Railroad [or Overland Route][10] Half of the First Transcontinental Railroad was built by this major company which recruited many Irish immigrants to aid its westward construction from Omaha. Answer: Union Pacific Railroad Company[10] An earlier attempt to start a Transcontinental Railroad was initiated by this act. Drafted by Franklin Pierce and Stephen Douglas, it hoped to open lands in the midwest for development. Answer: Kansas-Nebraska Act10. It is characterized by complex improvisational chord progressions and virtuosic styles that differ from the traditional harmonic motifs of the first half of the twentieth century. For ten points each:[10] Name this upbeat subgenre of Jazz that was popularized in the 40’s and 50’s by musicians such as Sonny Rollins and Dizzy Gillespie. Answer: bebop[10] Another notable contributor to bebop was this alto saxophone player and composer. Often lauded for his broad range of tone, this man received the nickname “Yardbird,” a name which would be referenced in several of his works, including “Ornithology,” and “Bird Gets the Worm.” Answer: Charlie Parker Jr.[10] Yet another bebop artist was this jazz pianist famous for “Round Midnight,” “Straight, No Chaser,” and “In Walked Bud.” He is the second most recorded jazz artist after Duke Ellington and he is famous for wearing a beret and sunglasses during his performances. Answer: Thelonius Monk11. For ten points answer some questions about a certain rags-to-riches novel:[10] This bildungsroman story features the Satis House, which is occupied by the jilted Miss Havisham, a crazed woman who stopped all of the clocks at 8:40 and taught her ward to break men’s hearts. Answer: Great Expectations[10] This protagonist of Great Expectations falls in love with Estella, the daughter of the convict Abel Magwitch. Answer: Pip or Phillip/Pirrip[10] This lawyer arranged for Estella’s adoption and oversaw Pip’s social class rise. He constantly cleans his hands with soap. Answer: Mr. Jaggers12. This work illustrates the notion of division of labor by describing a pin factory. For ten points each: [10] Name this 1776 anti-mercantilist tract which proposes that markets are self-regulated by an “invisible hand.” Answer: An Inquiry in the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations [10] The Wealth of Nations was written by this Scottish economist. He also wrote Theory of Moral Sentiments. Answer: Adam Smith [10] This other economist built off of Smith to formulate his namesake law of rent, which implies that wages have no systematic relationship to labor productivity but rather the productive capacity of marginal land.Answer: David Ricardo13. Also called the law of maximum multiplicity, this principle states that the lowest energy term must possess the greatest spin multiplicity value. For ten points each:[10] Name this atomic rule that states that if several orbitals of equal energy are available, one electron must fill each orbital before doubling up. Answer: Hund’s Rule of maximum multiplicity[10] This other quantum rule states that particles like electrons cannot exist in the same quantum state and system simultaneously. This usually results in the electrons of atomic orbitals having opposite spins. Answer: Pauli Exclusion Principle[10] The Pauli Exclusion Principle applies for all particles of this type, which includes quarks and leptons. They have half-integer spins and are typically associated with all matter forming particles. Answer: fermions14. This author wrote early accounts about the American navy after many of his works of fiction were published. For ten points each:[10] Name this author of The Deerslayer. He also created the character Natty Bumppo. Answer: James Fenimore Cooper[10] Natty Bumppo appeared in this series of novels set around New York. The last book of this series was called The Prairie and the title of the series refers to one of Natty’s nicknames given to him by European settlers.Answer: Leatherstocking Tales[10] Though only his second novel, this book went on to launch Cooper’s career as an author. It revolves around peddler Harvey Birch being accused of betraying the American army during the American Revolution.Answer: The Spy15. The main author of this religion’s texts served as a commander of his people’s army in their war against the Lamanites. For ten points each:[10] This religion’s sacred texts include The Pearl of Great Price, and The Doctrine and Covenants.Answer: Mormonism or The Church of Latter Day Saints[10] This son of Mormon hid the golden tablets that would later inspire The Book of Mormon, and after his death he became the angel that guided Joseph Smith to the tablets.Answer: Moroni[10] This man served as the head of the Mormon’s Quorum of the Twelve and acted as the first Governor of the Utah Territory.Answer: Brigham Young16. For ten points each, name these figurative devices one might use to enhance their writing:[10] These uncountable nouns imitate the sound that they denote. Examples include words like “bang,” “tick,” and “buzz.” Answer: onomatopoeia[10] This term refers to the use of a related entity to refer to a broader concept. One example includes using the phrase “The Crown” to refer to a monarchical government or “The White House” to refer to America’s presidential administration. Answer: metonymy[10] A special case of metonymy is this figure of speech in which a specific part is used to refer to the whole. One such example is the use of the term “hands” to refer to sailors on a ship. Answer: synecdoche17. For ten points each, answer some questions about colonial Virginia:[10] The Massacre of Martin’s Hundred occurred near this first permanent English settlement in America that suffered during the Starving Time.Answer: Jamestown[10] This rebellion against governor William Berkeley was instigated by the Doeg tribe’s raid of Thomas Matthew’s Farm. The aftermath of this revolt resulted in Jamestown being burned and Governor Berkeley losing his governorship.Answer: Bacon’s Rebellion [10] This man arrived at Jamestown shortly after the Starving Time and became the first governor of Virginia. A northern state was later named after him.Answer: Thomas West, Lord De La Warr18. There is debate about whether the last scene of this movie, in which the protagonist is considered a hero for protecting Iris, is a dream or reality. For ten points:[10] Name this movie in which the protagonist asks “You talkin’ to me?” The plot revolves around Travis Bickle’s attempt to kill a presidential candidate and successfully killing a pimp played by Harvey Keitel.Answer: Taxi Driver[10] Taxi Driver was directed by this man, who also directed Goodfellas and The Departed.Answer: Martin Scorsese[10] Martin Scorsese also directed this film in which Jesus fantasizes having a child with Mary Magdalene. It stars Willem Dafoe and Barbara Hershey. Answer: The Last Temptation of Christ19. The envelope of this virus contains the glycoprotein GP120. For ten points each:[10] That envelope surrounds this virus, which is chiefly responsible for causing AIDS.Answer: Human Immunodeficiency Virus[10] HIV is classified as this type of virus, which contains a reverse transcriptase enzyme that transcribes DNA from an RNA genome.Answer: retrovirus[10] This other retrovirus often enters mammalian neurons through acetylcholine receptors and travels to the CNS. Louis Pasteur and Emile Roux developed a vaccine for this virus in 1885.Answer: rabies20.The Edict of Gülhane ushered in reform for this empire during the Tanzimat period. For ten points each:[10] Name this empire that was defeated at the Battle of Lepanto and captured Constantinople under Mehmed II.Answer: Ottoman Empire[10] This son of Selim the Grim was the longest reigning monarch of the Ottoman Empire. His position as a strong legislator earned him the nickname Kanuni, or “lawgiver.”Answer: Suleiman the Magnificent or Suleiman I [prompt on “Suleiman”][10] Suleiman led the Ottomans against Louis II of Hungary in this battle, after which the Habsburgs claimed Bohemia and the Ottomans captured Buda.Answer: Battle of Mohacs 21. One critic of this man’s work compared it to “flinging a pot of paint in the public’s face”, to which this artist responded by writing The Gentle Art of Making Enemies. For ten points each:[10] Name this American artist of Mother of Pearl and Silver: The Andalusian and Symphony in White No. 1.Answer: James Abbott McNeill Whistler[10] Whistler is perhaps most famous for a work featuring this woman sitting down. One rumor was that Whistler’s neighbor Helena Lindgren posed as this woman instead.Answer: Whistler’s mother or Anna McNeill Whistler (accept equivalents of ‘mother’)[10] Whistler often incorporated this color in his works, such as his portrait of his mother being an Arrangement of Gray and [this color], as well as his painting Nocturne in [this color] and Gold.Answer: black ................
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