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CPT Codes Relevant to Neurocritical CareCRITICAL CARE99291 Critical care, evaluation and management of the critically ill or critically injured patient; first 30 to 74 minutes 99292 Critical care, each additional 30 minutes (list separately in addition to code for primary service) PROCEDURES62270 Spinal puncture, lumbar, diagnostic 62272 Spinal puncture, therapeutic, for drainage of CSF (by needle or catheter) 62273 Injection, epidural, of blood or clot patch31500 Intubation, endotracheal, emergency procedure 93503 Insertion and placement of flow-directed catheter (eg, Swan-Ganz) for monitoring purposes 92950 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (eg, in cardiac arrest)ADVANCE CARE PLANNING99497 Advance care planning including the explanation and discussion of advance directives such as standard forms (with completion of such forms, when performed), by the physician or other qualified health care professional; first 30 minutes, face-to-face with the patient, family member(s), and/or surrogate 99498 Advance care planning, each additional 30 minutes (list separately in addition to code for primary procedure)PROLONGED SERVICE99356 Prolonged service in the inpatient or observation setting, requiring unit/floor time beyond the usual service; first hour (list separately in addition to code for Evaluation and Management service) 99357 Prolonged service in the inpatient or observation setting, each additional 30 minutes (list separately in addition to code for prolonged service)TELEMEDICINE0188T Remote real-time interactive video-conferenced critical care, evaluation, and management of the critically ill or critically injured patient; first 30 to 74 minutes 0189T Remote real-time interactive video-conferenced critical care, each additional 30 minutes (list separately in addition to code for primary service)G0508 Telehealth consultation, critical care, initial, physicians typically spend 60 minutes communicating with the patient and providers via telehealthG0509 Telehealth consultation, critical care, subsequent, physicians typically spend 50 minutes communicating with the patient and providers via telehealth99446 Interprofessional telephone/Internet assessment and management service provided by a consultative physician including a verbal and written report to the patient’s treating/requesting physician or other qualified health care professional; 5 to 10 minutes of medical consultative discussion and reviewINTERPROFESSIONAL TELEPHONE CONSULTATION99447 Interprofessional telephone/Internet assessment and management service provided by a consultative physician, 11 to 20 minutes of medical consultative discussion and review 99448 Interprofessional telephone/Internet assessment and management service provided by a consultative physician, 21 to 30 minutes of medical consultative discussion and review 99449 Interprofessional telephone/Internet assessment and management service provided by a consultative physician, 31 minutes or more of medical consultative discussion and reviewCPT ? 2018 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. CPT is a registered trademark of the American Medical Association.CODEDESCRIPTIONCRITICAL CARE99291 Critical care, evaluation and management of the critically ill or critically injured patient; first 30 to 74 minutes 99292 Critical care, each additional 30 minutes (list separately in addition to code for primary service) PROCEDURES62270 Spinal puncture, lumbar, diagnostic 62272 Spinal puncture, therapeutic, for drainage of CSF (by needle or catheter) 62273 Injection, epidural, of blood or clot patch31500 Intubation, endotracheal, emergency procedure 93503 Insertion and placement of flow-directed catheter (eg, Swan-Ganz) for monitoring purposes 92950 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (eg, in cardiac arrest)ADVANCE CARE PLANNING99497 Advance care planning including the explanation and discussion of advance directives such as standard forms (with completion of such forms, when performed), by the physician or other qualified health care professional; first 30 minutes, face-to-face with the patient, family member(s), and/or surrogate 99498 Advance care planning, each additional 30 minutes (list separately in addition to code for primary procedure)PROLONGED SERVICE99356 Prolonged service in the inpatient or observation setting, requiring unit/floor time beyond the usual service; first hour (list separately in addition to code for Evaluation and Management service) 99357 Prolonged service in the inpatient or observation setting, each additional 30 minutes (list separately in addition to code for prolonged service)TELEMEDICINE0188T Remote real-time interactive video-conferenced critical care, evaluation, and management of the critically ill or critically injured patient; first 30 to 74 minutes 0189T Remote real-time interactive video-conferenced critical care, each additional 30 minutes (list separately in addition to code for primary service)G0508 Telehealth consultation, critical care, initial, physicians typically spend 60 minutes communicating with the patient and providers via telehealth G0509 Telehealth consultation, critical care, subsequent, physicians typically spend 50 minutes communicating with the patient and providers via telehealthINTERPROFESSIONAL TELEPHONE CONSULTATION99446 Interprofessional telephone/Internet assessment and management service provided by a consultative physician including a verbal and written report to the patient’s treating/requesting physician or other qualified health care professional; 5 to 10 minutes of medical consultative discussion and review 99447 Interprofessional telephone/Internet assessment and management service provided by a consultative physician, 11 to 20 minutes of medical consultative discussion and review 99448 Interprofessional telephone/Internet assessment and management service provided by a consultative physician, 21 to 30 minutes of medical consultative discussion and review 99449 Interprofessional telephone/Internet assessment and management service provided by a consultative physician, 31 minutes or more of medical consultative discussion and reviewCPT ? 2018 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. CPT is a registered trademark of the American Medical Association.CRITICAL CARE CODES:99291 Critical care, evaluation and management of the critically ill or critically injured patient; first 30 to 74 minutes 99292 each additional 30 minutes (list separately in addition to code for primary service Document and explain why patient is critically ill. Critically ill indicates “a high probability of imminent or life-threatening deterioration in the patient’s condition.” Decision making and treatment must include an indication that the patient’s condition met that definition as well as considerations and plans to prevent life-threatening deterioration or organ system failure.Code 99291 covers the initial 30 to 74 minutes on that day. Code 99292 covers the additional 30-minute time increments. Use 99292 when time totals 75 minutes or more. When using 99292, documentation should show why time was needed beyond the first hour.Below is a list of the commonly encountered neurologic disorders that often justify use of critical care codesAcute spinal cord compression or injury Acute stroke Coma after cardiac arrest Coma of unknown etiology Guillain-Barré syndrome Intracerebral hemorrhage Malignant intracranial pressure Meningoencephalitis Myasthenic crisis Neuroleptic malignant syndrome Paraneoplastic encephalitis Status epilepticus Subarachnoid hemorrhage Traumatic brain injuryNotes:Consulting on a patient who is critically ill is not necessarily a critical care service. The use of the critical illness code is dependent on the patient’s critical illness and the neurointensivist’s actions to address the illness.The patient’s location is not key. A patient may be in the emergency department or still on a floor unit and yet be critically ill.Only one neurointensivist may submit critical care code 99291 on a particular calendar date. Provider must document at least 30 minutes of critical care time. Additional time may be aggregated with a second neurointensivist from the same practice group (ie, one physician may code for the sum of time of both physicians). Or, additional time may be submitted by second neurointensivist with code 99292.A physician may not aggregate time with nonphysician practitioners or residents. Nonphysician practitioner’s time is counted separately from that of any physician. Rules for physician assistants vary depending on hospital, carrier or state. Some combine nurse practitioners and physician assistants under the term nonphysician practitioner.Total time for critical care services include: time spent on the patient’s unit reviewing test results or imaging studiestime spent discussing the patient’s case with other medical stafftime spent documenting critical care servicestime spent caring for the patient in the ED or in radiology department while the patient is in radiologyTotal time for critical care services does not include:resident’s time and teaching sessions with residents providing routine updates to the family NB. Time with a surrogate decision maker can count as critical care time if the patient is unable to give a history or make decisions. Document the discussion as necessary to determine treatment decisions, preferably summarizing the conclusions or options discussed.Procedures bundled into CPT codes 99291 and 99292 that do not require separate coding include the following: Blood draw for specimens including for blood gases Gastric intubation Information data stored in computers (eg, ECGs) Interpretation of cardiac output measurements Interpretation of chest x-rays Pulse oximetry Temporary transcutaneous pacing Ventilator management Vascular access proceduresADDITIONAL CODES FOR PROCEDURES: Procedures that may be coded separately include:lumbar punctureendotracheal intubationplacement of a flow-directed cathetercardiopulmonary resuscitationplacement of a ventricular catheterinterpretation of an EEGperformance of nerve conduction studiesWhen performing these other procedures, use modifier 25 with the critical care codes to indicate that procedures and evaluation and management were performed on the same day.Lumbar puncture has three different CPT codes. The three CPT codes are:62270 Spinal puncture, lumbar, diagnostic 62272 Spinal puncture, therapeutic, for drainage of CSF (by needle or catheter) 62273 Injection, epidural, of blood or clot patchNeurodiagnostic and monitoring procedures for EMG, nerve conduction studies, and EEG may be coded separately.The following monitoring and emergency procedures also are among those commonly coded separately in the critical care unit:31500 Intubation, endotracheal, emergency procedure 93503 Insertion and placement of flow-directed catheter (eg, Swan-Ganz) for monitoring purposes 92950 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (eg, in cardiac arrest)ADVANCE CARE PLANNING:Two CPT codes allow for coding of the time spent in discussions and preparation of advance care plans. These codes cannot be used by the same physician on the same day he or she uses CPT code 99291. Examples of written advance directives include healthy care proxy, durable power of attorney for health care, living will and MOLST. The two CPT codes for time spent in discussion and preparation of these forms are:99497 Advance care planning including the explanation and discussion of advance directives such as standard forms (with completion of such forms, when performed), by the physician or other qualified health care professional; first 30 minutes, face-to-face with the patient, family member(s), and/or surrogate 99498 each additional 30 minutes (list separately in addition to code for primary procedure)PROLONGED SERVCIES:Prolonged services are not used with the primary codes 99291 and 99292. Subsequent day hospital management is coded as 99233, base time for this code is 35 minutes. When time spent exceeds base time by more than 30 minutes, physician may add a prolonged service code:99356 Prolonged service in the inpatient or observation setting, requiring unit/floor time beyond the usual service; first hour (list separately in addition to code for Evaluation and Management service) 99357 each additional 30 minutes (list separately in addition to code for prolonged service)TELEMEDICINE CODES:Telemedicine is coded using the standard CPT codes plus a modifier. In January 2017, the modifier of choice changed from GT to 95. Modifier 95 identifies a “synchronous telemedicine service rendered via a real-time interactive audio and video telecommunications system.”CPT specifies two codes for telehealth critical care: 0188T Remote real-time interactive video-conferenced critical care, evaluation, and management of the critically ill or critically injured patient; first 30 to 74 minutes 0189T each additional 30 minutes (list separately in addition to code for primary service)When providing telehealth, use Place of Service 02, which is a new place of service code as of January 2017.Patients covered by Medicare Part B are eligible for remote critical care only if they are hospitalized in a rural area. Medicare uses different codes for remote critical care. Medicare also makes an exception by covering certain teleconsultations for acute stroke within 4.5 hours of symptom onset. The critical care telehealth codes for patients with Medicare are included in the Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System:G0508 Telehealth consultation, critical care, initial, physicians typically spend 60 minutes communicating with the patient and providers via telehealth G0509 Telehealth consultation, critical care, subsequent, physicians typically spend 50 minutes communicating with the patient and providers via telehealthINTERPROFESSIONAL TELEPHONE CONSULTATIONS:A neurointensivist might provide a telephone consultation directly with a physician who is caring for a patient at a remote hospital. These circumstances include urgent situations where a timely face-to-face service with the consultant may not be feasible. The codes may not be used if the consultant has or will see the patient within 14 days. This code is not to arrange for transfer of care. The time for the service may include review of records and images if the time consulting with the primary physician is more than half of the documented time. The code may be used only once per week for the same patient by the same physician. The CPT codes for interprofessional telephone/Internet consultations are as follows:99446 Interprofessional telephone/Internet assessment and management service provided by a consultative physician including a verbal and written report to the patient’s treating/requesting physician or other qualified health care professional; 5 to 10 minutes of medical consultative discussion and review 99447 11 to 20 minutes of medical consultative discussion and review 99448 21 to 30 minutes of medical consultative discussion and review 99449 31 minutes or more of medical consultative discussion and reviewOTHER NOTES:Downcoding: might happen when an attending physician’s note uses accurate language in referring to the patient as critically ill with a high probability of imminent or life-threatening deterioration, but a resident’s note on the same day makes such a statement as, “stable and may be transferred to the floor tomorrow.”Critical care may be provided on multiple days, even if no changes are made in the treatment rendered to the patient, provided that the patient’s condition continues to require the level of attention necessary in critical care. Notes that fail to change over days give the auditor the impression that the patient’s condition is stable, even if that is not true. Details in the note should show the work accomplished and planned that day.The neurocritical care patient is at risk of imminent death due to further brain injury, which can occur unpredictably and rapidly cause multiorgan dysfunction and death.Include high-risk rationale. Emphasize specific reasons for neuroprotective strategies in critical care such as mechanical ventilation, osmolar therapy, temperature management.Document existing protocols and specific interventions in the physician’s progress notes. For example, document a 50% risk of imminent stroke or death if that is the case for that patient with new-onset vasospasm.All CPT codes listed above are copyrighted. CPT ? 2018 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. CPT is a registered trademark of the American Medical Association. ................
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