Biology



Biology 202B

Semester Exam Review Sheet

This document is meant to highlight the main points in biology during second semester. This document is meant to guide you in your test preparation and to help you focus on key topics presented in biology during second semester. The test is 20 multiple choice questions and each question is worth 5 points.

Unit 1: Molecular Genetics – know these vocabulary terms

(ATP, anticodon, codon, DNA, RNA, nucleotide, polypeptide, protein, replication, transcription, translation, mRNA, rRNA, tRNA)

1. Describe the make-up of a DNA molecule.

2. Describe the replication process of DNA (where it occurs, enzymes involved, and base pairing rules).

3. What is the role/function of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA in the process of transcription?

4. Describe the differences between DNA and RNA.

5. What material is created during transcription?

6. What material is created during translation?

7. Define polygenic traits

Unit 2: Evolution – know these vocabulary terms

(adaptation, anaerobic, comparative anatomy, directional selection, disruptive selection, stabilizing selection, fossil, gene pool, genetic drift, evolution, natural selection, migration, phylogenetic tree, population, taxonomy)

1. List some examples of adaptations by living organisms.

2. Explain genetic drift.

3. Using a phylogenetic tree, explain the relationships between each organism. Which organisms are most closely related? Which organisms are more distantly related?

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4. Describe evolution by the process of natural selection.

5. Explain the importance of dichotomous key. Know how to read a dichotomous key to identify living thing.

Unit 3: Systems of Living Things – know these vocabulary terms

(antibody, antibiotic, antigen, myofibrils, myosin, actin, pathogen, vaccine, voluntary muscles, involuntary muscles, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, neuron)

1. Explain the role/function of the neuron. What is the function of dendrites? What is the function of the axon?

2. Describe how plants obtain energy. What process do they use?

3. Describe how animals obtain energy. What process do they use?

4. In order for our muscles to contract, what must happen?

5. How would you treat a bacterial infection vs a viral infection?

6. Plants and animals must breakdown glucose by _________ ____________ to generate ATP for cellular functions.

Unit 4: Ecology and the Environment – know these vocabulary terms

(abiotic factors, biotic factors, ecosystem, food chain, food web, energy pyramid, succession, trophic level, producer, consumer, omnivore, carnivore, herbivore, detrivore)

1. What events would lead to primary succession?

2. What events would lead to secondary succession?

3. Describe the role of a limiting factor in an ecosystem. Give 2 examples of limiting factors.

4. Explain how a droplet of water can travel through the water cycle. (Use the terms precipitation, evaporation, and transpiration in your answer.)

5. Using this food chain example, which organism has the most energy available? Which organism has the least amount of energy available?

GRASS ( ZEBRA (LION

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