Contents
El Paquete de los Verbos
Regulares
e
Irregulares
Jenks Freshman Academy
‘10-‘11
Contents
Section
Note to the Student
Essential Terms
Part 1 Simple tenses of the indicative mood
I. Present Tense – el presente
A. Regular conjugations
1. –ar verbs
2. –er verbs
3. –ir verbs
B. Irregular conjugations
II. Future – el futuro
A. regular future stems
B. irregular future stems
III. Simple past – el pretérito
A. regular verbs
B. irregular verbs
IV. Imperfect – el imperfecto
V. Conditional – la condicional
Part 2 Compound tenses of the indicative mood
I. Auxiliary - haber
II. Past Participle
III. Compound past –
A.
B.
IV. Pluperfect
V. Future Perfect
Note to the student
This verb pack is not designed to serve as a text for learning Spanish, but rather as a resource to complement class work and text material. You may use it as a reference tool for quick access to short explanations of tenses and verbs, examples and verb lists. Though this document is not complete, it should nevertheless fill the needs for most students.
Essential terms
Verb
A verb is a word that identifies an action. A verb is categorized by its mood and tense.
Mood
The mood reflects the manner in which the speaker considers the action.
Tense
The time of the action is called the verb’s tense.
Conjugation
The conjugation of a verb is the list of the forms of a verb in a given tense and mood. There are usually six forms in a conjugation.
The forms of a verb depend on the number and person of the verb’s subject.
Subject pronouns as used in conjugations
Number Singular Plural
Person
First person yo (I) nosotros (we)
Second person tú (you-familiar) vosotros (thou,*)
Third person él, ella, (he, she) ellos, ellas (they m./f.)
usted (Ud.) (you-formal) Uds. (you all formal
but only in Spain)
* The vosotros form can be thought of as thou or ya’ll – it is you plural informal in Spain.
Part 1
Simple tenses of the indicative mood
The indicative mood is used to state a fact or a reality.
Present Tense – el presente
The present indicative of a verb in Spanish can be translated into English in three ways, for example: nosotros bailamos = we dance, we are dancing, we do dance. The tense is used to describe actions at the current time.
1 Regular conjugations
AR verbs
Drop “AR” from the infinitive, then add:
o amos
as áis
a an
Example:
hablar – to speak
yo hablo nosotros hablamos
tú hablas vosotros habláis
Él, ella, Ud. habla ellos, ellas, Uds. hablan
yo hablo = I speak, I am speaking, I do speak
INFINITIVE TRANSLATION NOTES
abrazar to hug, embrace
acabar (de) to finish, end, complete
aceptar to accept
acercar to bring near, place near
acompañar to accompany, escort
aconsejar to advise, counsel
acostumbrar to be accustomed, be in the habit
adelantar to advance, go on, go ahead, progress
adivinar to guess
admirar to admire
adoptar to adopt
agitar to agitate, shake up, stir
ahorrar to save
alcanzar to reach, overtake
alquilar to rent
amar to love
andar to walk
apagar to turn off
arreglar to fix
ayudar to help
bailar to dance
bajar to go down, descend
bañar to bathe
besar to kiss
borrar to erase
broncear to sunbathe, tan
buscar to look for
cambiar to change
caminar to walk
cantar to sing
celebrar to celebrate
cenar to eat dinner
cepillar to brush
charlar to chat
cocinar to cook
colocar to put, place
comprar to buy
contestar to answer
cortar to cut
cruzar to cross
decorar to decorate
dejar to let, allow, leave
desayunar to eat breakfast
descansar to rest
desear to wish
dibujar to draw
echar to hurl, pitch, throw
empujar to push
enseñar to teach
entrar (en) to enter
escuchar to listen
esperar to wait, hope, expect, await
estudiar to study
explicar to explain
expresar to express
felicitar to congratulate
festejar to entertain, celebrate
firmar to sign
formar to form
fumar to smoke
funcionar to function
ganar to win, gain, earn
gozar to enjoy
gritar to scream
hablar to speak
hallar to find
indicar to indicate
invitar to invite
jurar to swear, take an oath (pledge)
lanzar to throw, pitch
lavar to wash
limpiar to clean
llamar to call
llenar to fill
llegar to arrive
llevar to carry, wear
llorar to cry
luchar to fight
manejar to drive
marcar to mark, score, note
mejorar to improve
mirar to look (at)
montar to ride
nadar to swim
necesitar to need
olvidar to forget
pagar to pay (for)
parar to stop
pasar to pass, spend (time)
patinar to skate
pegar to glue, beat, hit, slap, stick
perdonar to excuse, forgive
pintar to paint
pisar to step
platicar to chat, discuss
practicar to practice
preguntar to ask
preparar to prepare
presentar to present
prestar to lend
quitar to take off/away
regalar to give a gift
regresar to return
robar to steal
sacar to take out, take (photos), get (grades)
saltar to jump, hop, skip
saludar to greet, salute
secar to dry
subrayar to underline
telefonear to telephone
terminar to finish, end
tirar to throw, pull, shoot
tocar to play (musical instrument), touch
tomar to take, eat, drink
trabajar to work
tratar (de + infinitive) to try (to do something)
usar to use
viajar to travel
visitar to visit
votar to vote
ER VERBS
Drop “ER” from the infinitive, then add:
o emos
es éis
e en
Example:
beber-to drink
yo bebo nosotros bebemos
tú bebes vosotros bebéis
Él, ella, Ud. bebe ellos, ellas, Uds. beben
yo bebo = I drink, I am drinking, I do drink
INFINITIVE TRANSLATION NOTES
aprender to learn
beber to drink
comer to eat
comprender to understand
correr to run
creer to believe
deber to have to, should, ought to, must, to owe
depender (en) to depend
esconder to hide something
leer to read
prometer to promise
responder to respond
temer to fear, dread
vender to sell
IR VERBS
Drop “IR” from the infinitive, then add:
o imos
es ís
e en
Example:
vivir- to live
Yo vivo nosotros vivimos
Tú vives vosotros vivís
Él, ella, Ud. vive ellos, ellas, Uds. viven
yo vivo= I live, I am living, I do live
INFINITIVE TRANSLATION NOTES
abrir to open
aburrir to annoy, bore
admitir to admit, grant, permit
añadir to add
aplaudir to applaud
asistir to attend, to be present
bullir to boil, bustle, hustle, stir
cubrir to cover
decidir to decide
describir to describe, delineate
descubrir to discover
discutir to discuss
distinguir to distinguish
escribir to write
gruñir to grumble, grunt, growl, creak
imprimir to imprint, impress, print
inscribir to inscribe, record, register
ocurrir to occur, happen
partir to leave, depart, divide, split
permitir to permit, admit, allow, grant
prohibir to prohibit, forbid
recibir to receive
subir to rise, go up
sufrir to suffer, endure, bear up
suprimir to suppress, abolish
unir to connect, unite, join, bind
vivir to live
2 Irregular Conjugations
INFINITIVE ENGLISH CONJUGATION
acordar to agree (upon) acuerdo, acuerdas, acuerda, acordamos,
acordáis, acuerdan
adquirir to acquire, get, adquiero, adquieres, adquiere, adqueremos,
obtain adquerís, adquieren
agradecer to thank, be agradezco, agradeces, agradece, agradecemos,
thankful agradecéis, agradecen
almorzar to lunch almuerzo, almuerzas, almuerza, almorzamos, almorzáis, almuerzan
caber to fit quepo, cabes, cabe, cabemos, cabéis, caben
caer to fall caigo, caes, cae, caemos, caéis, caen
calentar to heat/warm up caliento, calientas, calienta, calentamos,
calentáis, calientan
cerrar to close cierro, cierras, cierra, cerramos, cerráis, cierran
cocer to cook cuezo, cueces, cuece, cocemos, cocéis, cuecen
colgar to hang cuelgo, cuelgas, cuelga, colgamos, colgáis, cuelgan
comenzar to start/begin comienzo, comienzas, comienza, comenzamos,
comenzáis, comienzan
confiar to rely on/confide confío, confías, confía, confiamos, confiáis,
confían
conocer to know conozco, conoces, conoce, conocemos, conocéis,
conocen
construir to construct construyo, construyes, construye, construimos,
construís, construyen
contar to count cuento, cuentas, cuenta, contamos, contáis,
cuentan
convertir to convert convierto, conviertes, convierte, convertimos,
convertís, convierten
corregir to correct corrijo, corriges, corrige, corregimos,
corregís, corrigen
costar to cost cuesta, cuestan
crecer to grow crezco, creces, crece, crecemos, crecéis, crecen
dar to give doy, das, da, damos, dais, dan
decir to say/tell digo, dices, dice, decimos, decís, dicen
destruir to destroy destruyo, destruyes, destruye, destruimos,
destruís, destruyen
devolver to return(object) devuelvo, devuelves, devuelve, devolvemos,
devolvéis, devuelven
distinguir to distinguish distingo, distingues, distingue, distinguimos,
distinguís, distinguen
doler to have pain, ache, duelo, dueles, duele, dolemos, doléis ,duelen
hurt, regret, cause grief
dormir to sleep duermo, duermes, duerme, dormimos,
dormís, duermen
empezar to start/begin empiezo, empiezas, empieza, empezamos,
empezáis, empiezan
encender to light enciendo, enciendes, enciende, encendemos,
encendéis, encienden
encontrar to find/meet encuentro, encuentras, encuentra, encontramos
encontráis, encuentran
entender to understand entiendo, entiendes, entiende, entendemos,
entendéis, entienden
enviar to send envío, envías, envía, enviamos, enviáis, envían
escoger to choose/select escojo, escoges, escoge, escogemos,
escogéis, escogen
estar to be estoy, estás, está, estamos, estáis, están
faltar to miss, need, lack faltas, falta, faltan (used w/ indirect obj. pron.)
freír to fry frío, fríes, fríe, freímos, freís, fríen
gemir to groan, moan gimo, gimes, gime, gemimos, gemís, gimen
guiar to guide guío, guías, guía, guiamos, guiáis, guían
gustar to like /be pleasing gustas, gusta, gustan(used w/ indirect obj. pron.)
hacer to do/make hago, haces, hace, hacemos, hacéis, hacen
helar to freeze hielo, hielas, hiela, helamos, heláis, hielan
hervir to boil hiervo, hierves, hierve, hervimos, hervís, hierven
impedir to impose impido, impides, impide, impedimos,
impedís, impiden
incluir to include incluyo, incluyes, incluye, incluimos,
incluís, incluyen
ir to go voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van
jugar to play (sport) juego, juegas, juega, jugamos, jugáis, juegan
llover to rain llueve (only one form…weather expression)
medir to measure mido, mides, mide, medimos, medís, miden
mentir to lie miento, mientes, miente, mentimos, mentís,
mienten
morder to bite muerdo, muerdes, muerde, mordemos,
mordéis, muerden
morir to die muero, mueres, muere, morimos, morís, mueren
mostrar to show muestra, muestras, muestra, mostramos,
mostráis, muestran
mover to move muevo, mueves, mueve, movemos,
moveís, mueven
nacer to be born nazco, naces, nace, nacemos, nacéis, nacen
nevar to snow nieva (only one form…weather expression)
obedecer to obey obedezco, obedeces, obedece, obedecemos,
obedecéis, obedecen
oír to hear oigo, oyes, oye, oímos, oís, oyen
oler to smell huelo, hueles, huele, olemos, oléis, huelen
parecer to seem parezco, pareces, parece, parecemos,
parecéis, parecen
pedir to ask for pido, pides, pide, pedimos, pedís, piden
pensar to think pienso, piensas, piensa, pensamos, pensáis,
piensan
perder to lose pierdo, pierdes, pierde, perdemos, perdéis,
pierden
poder to be able to/can puedo, puedes, puede, podemos, podéis, pueden
poner to put pongo, pones, pone, ponemos, ponéis, ponen
preferir to prefer prefiero, prefieres, prefiere, preferimos,
preferís, prefieren
probar to try pruebo, pruebas, prueba, probamos,
probáis, prueban
proponer to propose propongo, propones, propone, proponemos,
proponéis, proponen
querer to want quiero, quieres, quiere, queremos, queréis,
quieren
recoger to gather/pick up recojo, recoges, recoge, recogemos,
recogéis, recogen
recordar to remember recuerdo, recuerdas, recuerda, recordamos
recordáis, recuerdan
reírse to laugh me río, te ríes, se ríe, nos reímos, os reís, se ríen
repetir to repeat repito, repites, repite, repetimos, repetís,
repiten
resolver to resolve resuelvo, resuelves, resuelve, resolvemos,
resolvéis, resuelven
saber to know sé, sabes, sabe, sabemos, sabéis, saben
salir to leave/go out salgo, sales, sale, salimos, salís, salen
seguir to continue sigo, sigues, sigue, seguimos, seguís, siguen
sentar to sit down siento, sientas, sienta, sentamos, sentáis, sientan
sentir to feel siento, sientes, siente, sentimos, sentís, sienten
ser to be soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son
servir to serve sirvo, sirves, sirve, servimos, servís, sirven
sonar to sound sueno, suenas, suena, sonamos, sonáis, suenan
sonréir to smile sonrío, sonríes, sonríe, sonreímos, sonreís,
sonríen
soñar to dream sueño, sueñas, sueña, soñamos, soñáis, sueñan
tener to have tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tenéis, tienen
traducir to translate traduzco, traduces, traduce, traducimos,
traducís, traducen
traer to bring traigo, traes, trae, traemos, traéis, traen
valer to be worth valgo, vales, vale, valemos, valéis, valen
venir to come vengo, vienes, viene, venimos, venís, vienen
ver to see veo, ves, ve, vemos, veis, ven
vestir to dress visto, vistes, viste, vestimos, vestís, visten
volar to fly vuelo, vuelas, vuela, volamos, voláis, vuelan
volver to return vuelvo, vuelves, vuelve, volvemos, volvéis, vuelven
Future Tense – el futuro
The future indicative of a verb in Spanish can be translated into English as what one “will” do or what “will” happen, for example: nosotros bailaremos = we will dance. The tense is used to describe actions that will happen at some point in the future. .
1 Regular conjugations
AR, ER, and IR verbs
USE the infinitive (this we’ll call the regular future stem) then add:
é emos
ás éis
á án
Example:
hablar – to speak
yo hablaré nosotros hablaremos
tú hablarás vosotros hablaréis
él, ella, Ud. hablará ellos, ellas, Uds. hablarán
yo hablaré = I will speak
B. Irregular conjugations
Use the irregular stem then add the regular future tense endings:
é emos
ás éis
á án
The following verbs have irregular stems in the future tense:
Decir – dir For example : diré – I will say, tell
Haber – habr habrá – there will be
Hacer – har haremos–we will do, will make
Poder – podr podrán – they, ya’ll will be able to
Poner – pondr pondré – I will put, will place
Querer – querr querrás – you will like, love, want
Saber – sabr sabrá – he, she, Ud., will know
Salir – saldr saldremos – we will leave, exit
Tener – tendr tendrán – they, ya’ll will have
Venir – vendr vendré – I will come
Simple Past – The Preterite – el pretérito
The simple past indicative of a verb in Spanish can be translated into English as actions that were completed in the past, for example: nosotros bailamos = we danced.
1 Regular conjugations
Drop the infinitive endings (-AR, -ER, or –IR) and add on the following endings:
AR Verbs: ER Verbs and IR Verbs:
é amos í imos
aste asteis iste isteis
ó aron ió ieron
Examples:
AR Verb – hablar – to speak
yo hablé nosotros hablamos yo hablé = I spoke
tú hablaste vosotros hablasteis
él, ella, Ud. habló ellos, ellas, Uds. hablaron
ER Verb – comer – to eat
yo comí nosotros comimos yo comí = I ate
tú comiste vosotros comisteis
él, ella, Ud. comió ellos, ellas, Uds. comieron
IR Verb – vivir – to live
yo viví nosotros vivimos yo viví = I lived
tú viviste vosotros vivisteis
él, ella, Ud. vivió ellos, ellas, Uds. vivieron
***NOTE : Verbs that end in –AR and –ER that have a stem-change in the present tense do NOT have a stem change in the preterite.
Example: pensar – to think entender – to understand
Present: pienso pensamos entiendo entendemos
piensas pensáis entiendes entendéis
piensa piensan entiende entienden
BUT in the PRETERITE:
pensé pensamos entendí entendimos pensaste pensasteis entendiste entendisteis
pensó pensaron entendió entendieron
2 Irregular Conjugations
THERE ARE MANY IRREGULAR VERBS IN THE PRETERITE!
1. Ver – to see
**Ver has regular endings, but there are NO written accent marks.
vi vimos
viste visteis
vio vieron
2. Dar – to give
** Dar uses the same endings as Ver even though it is an AR verb – no accents!
di dimos
diste disteis
dio dieron
3. Ir – to go & Ser – to be --- WE CALL THESE THE FUN VERBS!
**In the preterite, these two verbs have the EXACT same conjugations, with NO accent marks. The context of the sentence makes it clear if the verb is from ir – to go, or ser – to be.
fui – I went or I was fuimos – we went or we were
fuiste - you went or you were fuisteis – thou, ya’ll went or were
fue – he, she, you went or were fueron – they, ya’ll went or were
4. Verbs with Irregular Stems
** There are many verbs that have irregular stems in the preterite, but luckily they all use the same endings:
Use the irregular stem, then add these endings:
e imos
iste isteis
o ieron
**Notice there are NO accent marks on the irregular verbs in the preterite!
VERBS WITH IRREGULAR STEMS:
Andar - anduv
Caber - cup
Decir – dij (with ellos, ellas, Uds. the ending is just –eron)
Estar - estuv
Haber - hub
Hacer – hic (except for él, ella, Ud. the stem is hiz)
Poder – pud
Poner – pus
Querer - quis
Saber - sup
Tener - tuv
Traducir – traduj (with ellos, ellas, Uds. the ending is just –eron)
Traer – traj (with ellos, ellas, Uds. the ending is just –eron)
Venir - vin
5. –CAR, -GAR, and –ZAR verbs
These verbs that end in –CAR, -GAR, and –ZAR have special spelling changes in the yo form of the preterite. The spelling changes occur to maintain the same sound of the infinitive form of the verb.
VERBS:
-CAR -GAR -ZAR
buscar jugar comenzar
sacar cargar empezar
practicar pegar almorzar
platicar pagar lanzar
marcar llegar gozar
indicar colgar cruzar
explicar apagar abrazar
colocar alcanzar
acercar
-CAR verbs – in the yo form of the preterite
C changes to QU
EXAMPLES: buscar – yo busqué – I looked for
Practicar – yo practiqué – I practiced
-GAR verbs – in the yo form of the preterite
G changes to GU
EXAMPLES: llegar – yo llegué – I arrived
jugar – yo jugué – I played
-ZAR verbs – in the yo form of the preterite
Z changes to C
EXAMPLES: almorzar – yo almorcé – I had, ate lunch
comenzar – yo commence – I began
6. Other spelling changes
The verbs LEER, CREER, and HUIR have a special spelling change that occurs in the 3rd person singular and plural forms in the preterite tense. Ordinarily, since these are –ER and –IR verbs, they have ió and ieron as endings. But, since adding these endings would give them 3 vowels in a row without a written accent on the 2nd vowel to make it stronger, we must change the middle vowel to a consonant, Y.
For these 3 verbs, the endings become yó and yeron.
EXAMPLES: leer – él leyó – he read AND ellos leyeron – they read
creer – él creyó – he believed & ellos creyeron – they believed
huir – él huyó – he fled AND ellos huyeron – they fled
7. Verbs with Stem-Changes in the preterite
There are SOME verbs that DO have stem-changes in the preterite – BUT, they are different from present tense stem-changes.
There are –IR verbs that have stem changes in the present tense where the stem may change from e->i or from e->ie or from o->ue.
In the PRETERIE, though, ONLY the 3rd person singular and plural forms of these verbs (él, ella, Ud. and ellos, ellas, Uds.) have the stem-change.
THE following verbs only change from e->i in the él, ella, Ud. and ellos, ellas, Uds. forms of the verb in the PRETERITE tense.
-IR VERBS with e->ie and e->i stem-changes in the PRESENT:
Pedir sentir advertir reñir
Mentir despedir convertir gemir
Hervir medir repetir reír
Preferir impedir divertirse servir
Referir seguir conseguir exigir
Corregir
EXAMPLES:
Pedir – to ask for, request server – to serve
Pedí pedimos serví servimos
Pediste pedisteis serviste servisteis
Pidió pidieron sirvió sirvieron
The following verbs only change from o->u in the él, ella, Ud. and ellos, ellas Uds. forms of the verb in the PRETERITE tense.
-IR VERBS with o->ue stem-changes in the PRESENT:
dormir dormirse morir morirse
EXAMPLES:
dormir – to sleep morir – to die
dormí dormimos morí morimos
dormiste dormisteis moriste moristeis
durmió durmieron murió murieron
IV. Imperfect – el imperfecto
In Spanish there are 2 different past tenses. The PRETERITE is used to talk about a COMPLETED past action. We use the IMPERFECT to talk about actions that happened REPEATEDLY in the past.
A. Regular Verbs
To form the IMPERFECT tense, drop the infinitive –AR, -ER, or –IR ending, then add these following endings:
-AR verbs -ER and –IR verbs
-aba -ábamos ía íamos
-abas -abais ías íais
-aba -aban ía ían
*Note:accent on the nos. form *Note: accents on all forms
EXAMPLES:
-AR – hablar – to talk -ER – comer – to eat
hablaba hablábamos comía comíamos
hablabas hablabais comías comíais
hablaba hablaban comía comían
-IR – vivir – to live
vivía vivíamos
vivías vivíais
vivía vivían
B. Irregular Verbs
In the IMPERFECT, there are not as many irregular verbs. ONLY ir, ser, and ver are irregular. Here are there forms:
Ser – to be ---remember ERA was a brand of soap
era éramos Example: yo era – I was
eras erais
era eran
Ir – to go ---remember I went to Gallagher-Iba to watch OSU.
iba íbamos
ibas ibais
iba iban
Ver – to see ---remember to keep the –e and use the –ER endings.
veía veíamos
veías veíais
veía veían
The Conditional Tense – La condicional
This is the tense we use to explain what “Would” happen if another thing were true. It is the tense used to indicate that an action or state is dependent on something else. It is formed in English by using the helping verb “would”. In Spanish this tense is also known as the hypothetical future because it is a hypothetical statement that something will occur based on another condition or event being met.
To form this tense:
Use the infinitive form of the verb, then add these endings:
yo – ía nosotros – íamos
tú – ías vosotros - íais
él, ella, Ud – ía ellos, ellas, Uds. – ían
**Note: The conditional is formed just like the future, you just use different endings. Always use the infinitive before adding the appropriate ending.
**Also note that the yo and él, ella, Ud. endings are the same, so unless it is identified in context, you should supply the subject.
Example of Regular verbs in the conditional:
Hablar – would talk
yo hablaría (I would talk) nosotros hablaríamos
tú hablarías vosotros hablaríais
él, ella, Ud. hablaría ellos, ellas, Uds. Hablarían
Example: Yo no hablaría con ella. I wouldn’t talk with her.
IRREGULAR VERBS IN THE CONDITONAL:
The conditional has the same irregular verbs as the future tense and uses those same stems. We just use the future and conditional stems and add the CONDITONAL endings:
Decir – dir For example : dirías – you would say, tell
Haber – habr habría – there would be
Hacer – har haríamos–we would do, would make
Poder – podr podrían – they, ya’ll would be able to
Poner – pondr yo pondría – I would put, would place
Querer – querr querrías – you would like, love, want
Saber – sabr él sabría – he would know
Salir – saldr saldríamos – we would leave, exit
Tener – tendr tendrían – they, ya’ll would have
Venir – vendr yo vendría – I would come
PART 2 – Compound Tenses of the Indicative Mood
I. Auxiliary verb “haber”
Auxiliary verbs are also known as helping verbs. There are many helping verbs in the English language, to be, to have, should, etc. The helping verb haber, which is the helping verb “to have” is used to form compound tenses in Spanish. You can use haber in different tenses: for example, present tense (have done something), the past tense (had done something). The compound perfect verb tenses refer to completed actions, but they aren't the only way of referring to completed actions.
Here is an example of referring to a completed action in the past using the helping verb haber: He salido - "I have left". It is clear that the action described by the verb is completed; it's something that was over by a specific time.
In both English and Spanish, the perfect tenses are formed by using a form of the verb haber, "to have" followed by the past participle (el participio in Spanish). In English, the past participle usually is formed by adding "-ed" to verbs; the Spanish participle is usually formed by using the ending of -ado for -ar verbs and -ido for -er and -ir verbs.
Present tense forms of haber:
yo he nosotros hemos
tú has vosotros habéis
él, ella, Ud. ha ellos, ellas, Uds. han
II. Past Participle
The past participle in English typically is a verb that ends in –ed. For example, walked, talked, laughed, etc. The past participles in English are always used with the helping verb “to have”. For example, I have walked, he has walked, we have walked, etc.
In Spanish, the regular past participle is formed by dropping the infinitivo –ar, -er, and –ir endings, and adding –ado for –AR verbs, or –ido for –ER and –IR verbs.
Examples of Regular Past Participles:
Hablar – hablado (talked)
Comer – comido (eaten)
Vivir – vivido (lived)
There are many irregular past participles in both Spanish and English and you have to memorize what the participle form of the verb is.
Common Irregular Past Participles:
Hacer – hecho (made, done)
Decir – dicho (said, told)
Romper – roto (broken)
Poner – puesto (put, placed)
Ver – visto (seen)
Abrir – abierto (opened)
Escribir – escrito (written)
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