With reference to Vietnam, evaluate how your chosen theory ...



With reference to Vietnam, evaluate how your chosen theory of social change helps you to understand one feature of continuity and one feature of change within that country.

The conflict theory is based around Karl Marx’s ideas that social change occurs as a result of inequalities and the suppression of a lower class through economic and social determinism.

During the colonization of the French from the mid 1860’s, the people endemic to Vietnam were forced into labor such as coolies in the rubber fields. Their resources were being heavily exploited, whilst the French increased global power and economy. Peasant farms were ruled by the French and other foreign powers. This inequality caused resentment and hostility in Vietnam, which spurred the desire for change.

The revolutionary leader Ho Chi Minh knew the only way to bring social change was through battle, where Vietnamese guerillas devised by general Giap formulated attacks after the Second World War to force the French to give Vietnamese independence and equality. These demands were won in 1954 after the battle of Dien Bien Phu. This victory was recognized by the Geneva Accords, who allowed (north) Vietnam to live under the communist party. Ho chi minh was now able to run a communist party (albeit in a divided north) and redistribute finances, land and transform the north into an agrarian based state.

This theory is also based on the ideology that the rules and regulations are set to benefit the social elite to elevate their own power. After the Geneva accords the north and south separated at the 17th parallel, with the south enforcing capitalism in aims to keep their wealth and status. The opposition against this was the communist forces in the south called the Vietcong. A famous picture of a southern general shooting a suspected Vietcong member (broadcasted all over the world in 1967) reflected on the southern capitalists imposing their power to subject the lower classes who favored communist. Events such as the assassination of southern leader Ngo Diem Dinh by the Vietcong was another example of conflict against the higher culture in Vietnam. This brought social change, where there is a larger diversity of beliefs in Vietcong. Statistics show that the religious diversity in Vietnam has grown, with Islam, Hinduism and Christianity accounting for 30% of religion in Vietnam.

The objection of Filial piety is conflict in the family, where children are rejecting their family structures. Parents keep their children at home with strict rules that their family business comes first. However children are running away from their families to pursue vocations at universities and higher paying western job. This rejection of the traditional lifestyle by some shows how the conflict theory in the family can lead to social change in Vietnam, where urban sprawl and decreasing agricultural farmers mean Vietnam is changing to an industrial society.

1. continuity and change in your macro or micro world (4)

In my Macro world, the role of technology has changed the role of women in the workforce. Due to technological advances, women have more time to pursue a career and have gradually been accepted in the workforce. The politics of Australia have also influenced the change of laws and policies regarding the gender equality in the work force. However, the law has also influenced continuity in regards to providing a safe environment and also structure to our society. Western traditions, despite being challenged, have remained continuous as traditions, namely Christian is still an integral aspect of the macro world. Such as going to church on Sunday and on Christmas, well as singing Christmas songs such as silent night. Also urbanization has caused house prices in Sydney to sky rocket; therefore, people are forced to have to work to afford a job.

2. How does globalization impact upon the lives of people in the micro and macro world? (6)

Micro- Globalization has made the world smaller. As a result, families can keep in contact with overseas relatives, as well as having the opportunity to experience other cultures without having to necessarily travel. This interconnectedness between countries means people have a greater understanding and knowledge of the world. The culture of many countries is being influenced by globalization, as people have access to other cultures.

Losing the art of letter writing, people are more dependants on emails and text messages, people are less likely to do personal face to face socializing.

Changes in education, people are less reliant on books and the library. Internet lessons. Also children learn how to play sports from America, such as baseball gridline.

Macro- globalization of labor has allowed people to work overseas, more opportunity for businesses to employ people from other countries, such as the Telstra building businesses and phone lines in India. This has allowed for businesses to employ cheap labor, such as sweat shops in Cambodia. This has allowed for businesses to grow to extraordinary levels, some even have a higher net financial worth than small countries, such as Microsoft. As a result, this has

3. distinguish between the research techniques of observation and participant observation

Observation is watching as an outsider people interacting, making notes and behavior....Participant is an inside. Such as someone wanting to find out information about Australians netball, observation would be sitting on the sidelines, whilst participant observation would be playing and talking note.

4. assess the value of participant observation in a study of teenage gangs

Participant observation would be the most effective and valuable for of research for someone who is studying teenage gangs, because they can see through their societal image and delve into the inner workings of it. Many teenage gangs have a bad reputation; many make assumptions that they are emotionless and evil people. However for a participant observer, they can explore and contrast the reality of them. Perhaps discovering inner workings and structure as well as the emotions of the members.

May get bias view such as the influence of the hawthorn effect where the people act differently, perhaps ‘act out’ expected behaviors.

Demonstrate examples of continuity and change within the Vietnamese family

A universal similarity of humanity is the importance of family to each individual. However a universal difference is the values and principles that each culture has in its family structure and the ways in which history has shaped them. In the present Vietnam, the fundamental structure of the family has demonstrated continuity with traditional Vietnamese cultural practises. However as a result of the progression of time and syncretism via external influences, the family structure has undergone significant changes especially in the north.

The Vietnamese family is the basic social unit of its society. The development of the Vietnamese family structure is the result of thousands of years of history from the influences of Chinese, French and American culture. The differences are characterised by the time in history. There is a division between the agricultural stage (-1950) and the post industrial which is 1970+. This division of times characterises a shift from traditional roles to a growing exposure to other beliefs. Religious influences were mainly Confucianism from china but it also includes Buddhism, Taoism and the cult of Ancestors. The patchwork of the past has accumulated to create a syncretic masterpiece of cultural practises that have shaped the way in which the Vietnamese family has progressed. Although imbedded in traditional methods of family diplomacy, the family system has undergone changes throughout time.

Vietnam took pride in its collectivist way of life, where living in huge family compounds with extended families was the way in which Vietnamese people lived. Families would negate personal benefits and assure their family equal share of any successful transaction or financial gain. Each member of the family is secured with welfare from their family and shared prosperity means that the family was a working unit who worked for the unity and livelihood of everyone. The individual’s interests and destiny are rarely conceived outside of the framework of the immediate and extended family and children are not taught to develop their individuality.

However throughout a tumultuous history with western influences from America and French, the development of western style political ‘right wing’ views have distorted the collectivist society of Vietnam. Vietnam has further progressed into a culture of capitalism, government family planning policies (Doi Moi), modernisation, individualism and westernisation. As a result of these ‘right wing’ influences, the family structure has changed from the collectivist stance of extended families and close knit communities to smaller nuclear type families where children are rejecting family businesses and traditional roles of caring for parents. An increase in individual living has been a social response to colonisation. Increasingly amounts of children are opting for a future where university and city jobs are an option, whereas in the past they would be limited to their family’s line of business, a concept known as ‘filial piety’.

As a contrast, Vietnam has stayed loyal to traditional practises galvanised thousands of years ago. the Vietnamese government recognises the importance of the role of the family in Vietnamese society and sees it as a major element in eradicating what are known as ‘social evils’ such as drugs, prostitution, gambling, commercialism, that have developed as a result of the transition to a more western inspired culture. Concordantly, the government is allowing benefits for large families and those that follow the collective nature and doctrine of filial piety.

Despite government intervention, certain aspects of Vietnamese families have stayed the same, such as the roles and position of family members. Continuity in Vietnamese families can be found in the stratigraphic positions of the family, based on gender, age and order of birth. There is a large emphasis on age being the hierarchy to power in the order of birth, thus making the elderly extremely power full and the younger showing respect towards them. Another example refers to the position and roles of the older sons which holds the most power and prestige in the family. However, this form of address can be further complicated by regional differences. Historically, the first son of Vietnamese families in the north was sent to settle the lands in the south. This means that the form of address for the sons of a family in the north is different to those present in the southern portion of the country. In rural areas this form of address is still present in Vietnamese society today. In conjunction to this, behaviour patterns are directed to family as opposed to personal wellbeing. Respect is granted to the head of the family and advice is often sought from older members of the family. The father is seen as the head and as the “pillar” of the family “The father is to the child, as the roof is to the house”.

The concept of the family as a self-contained socioeconomic unit was refuted by the communists and in response to this; a major family reform was initiated under a new law that was put into effect in 1960. The law revised many of the traditional family mores which included arranged marriages, equality of the partners in a married relationship and all aspects of life, discouraging lavish weddings as being wasteful, discouraging people to have large families and advising young people not to marry before the age of 20 for men and 18 for women and to have no more than 2 children per household. Attempts to implement this reform were made difficult because the culture was content with their traditional roles in society and felt no need to change. Campaigns were used to raise awareness on the issue however by the 1980s change was stagnant and Vietnam uphold their continuity of a traditional Vietnamese family.

Further more, the role of women in Vietnamese families remains conclusive to regional and family differences. In many families the role of females has remained conclusively traditional, where they remain subservient to men and are taught that they have to obey three men in their life. Firstly their father, secondly their husband and finally their oldest son. In comparison, many families have adapted to the changes in society, where women are granted more rights equal to males. As a result of the post industrialist era western influences from America, Australia, France and Britain women are taking a far more significant stance in society and family life.

Vietnam’s culture reflects syncretism of western influences along with their traditional beliefs. Changes that reflect western society have taken place, such as marriages being more of a partner choice; more attention is paid to the individual's happiness and interests as well as further government intervention, instead of a sole reliance on the family to conduct their own way of life. Statistics show that the Nuclear family has become more popular as well as increasing trends in divorce. These differences characterise a culture that has absorbed western influences and been influenced by the individualistic way of life.

In Vietnamese society, changes have occurred as a result of exterior influences from a history of western colonisers whom have shaped and cultivated many of the traditional Vietnamese practises. As a result of this, the family structure and traditional practises have been replaced with western inspired ideologies and traditions. In conjunction to these changes, remains a level of continuity of traditional practises galvanised from thousands of years of rich culture. Many steadfast families pursue their own culture as oppose to the cultivation of western influences.

Statistics

Survey conducted in 2000 highlighted the changes that have occurred in the family structure in Vietnam:

• 3045 participated in the survey, of those people 2014 (66%) were married and 1031 (34%) were unmarried.

• Of the married people, 1107 (55%) were married before the economic renovation and 907 (45%) were married after

• Of the married people, 47% were farmers, of the unmarried people, 34% were farmers.

• The survey has showed a decrease in arranged marriages, or marriages where parents have a say in a person’s partner.

• There are changing attitudes towards divorce too. 68% of the people interviewed believed that the tendency for separation or divorce was normal.

• Roles of women in the family have also changed according to the survey; almost half of the people surveyed agreed that maintaining the family should be a job shared between both partners. This opinion has been on the rise in recent years.

Essay plans for all topics

Gender in Vietnam

1. prior to colonization, Truing sisters

2. patriarchal society French and Chinese

3. changes/communists 1960

4. resistance to this change/people wanted continuity

5. 2005 situation

6. future?

Family

1. traditional Vietnamese family

2. communist rule inflict changes 1960

3. resistance, people lied the old ways

4. globalization changes, people are more capitalist 2005

5. future of the family

Power and authority

1. colonization with French and china

2. change in events, people defeat at Dien bien Phu, communism was able to take charge

3. Geneva accords shows international power over them, they divide the country (causes upheaval)

4. USA take power and control in south, they get this from their money donations

5. after the war communism is enforced and people abide by it

6. communist power is in the national assembly (people have power, purge Ngo Xian Loc) doi moi means people have power in the economy

Evaluate the nature of power and authority in Vietnam, referring to constitutional changes from 1946 to the present time

Vietnam has undergone significant changes of power and authority throughout its tumultuous history. Colonial difficulties with China and France forced Vietnam to live under the rule of colonising powers aiming to strip Vietnam of its lucrative natural resources and exploit the people for political and financial gain. As a result of this exploitation, Vietnam spawned many revolutionists that drafted a declaration of independence in 1946. This declaration caused a whirlwind of battles and wars and resulted in shifting constitutional laws and erratic titles of power and authority.

The french had power and auhtorty within vientman from the early 19th centry to the time of the declaration fo incedpenance in 1946. despite the declaration fo independence, the french still had a hold of vientman, with their power of puppet prime ministers, namely bao dai, as well as strong military forces.

Vientmae underwent a separation after the generva accords, into communists and capitalist democracy. This separation caused a war because the power and authority as not certain and the usa then began to implement power in the south democracy. In this sense, americans tried to gain power in Vietnam by refuting the communist party. With this they converted the people to their culture, which gave them power because people were involved with their country.

The Communist had power, by their auhtorty of business rules and regultations. They knew if they allowed for traditional practises or forigne influnces, they would risk an uprising against them. As such they put in action doi moi, which is equivalent to laissex faiire, in that vientmaemes were free to privatise businesses and eanf money. This pacifies and appeases an uprising, whislt still being able to have power over them.

The most power lies in the national assembly, where 18 members are elected into their politburo for a five year term. This is where the main decision making occurs, they have power through the military and authpority in this too. They pass legislations and confer it on to the people. However the power in the people was shown in may 1999 when the communist party launched a critism and self critism to answer the critism from the people. The leader Ngo Xuan Loc was dismissed from the party due to his irreverent lead of the courty and suppression. He was purged from the party because of social contempt, which reveals that despite vientmaes dictatorial nature, the poeolple still have ultimate power when it comes to who has auhtorrty.

➢ Social and cultural system that respects and revered the elders

➢ One of the ways the communist party has been able to have control is their decision to rely on the traditional respect due to them as the successful elders of the previous century of conflict

➢ Most important element of power is national assembly, where delegates are elected for a five year term. As a one party communist state, delegates have to be members of the communist party; the party membership is a so0urce of both power and authority.

➢ Peoples committee at provincial, district and commune level. Thus chains of authority exist on a number of levels, and result in a large layer of beauracracy that cqan prove frustrating for businesses, as well as increasing possibility of corruption

➢ May 1999, the communist party launched a campaing of critisisicms and self critism of internal corruption and mismanagement. Ngo Xuan Loc was dismiised for corruption and mismanagement.

➢ Doi moi is a policy is a private owneriship of businesses and laissez faire.

➢ The chlenegs to the communist party supreme power remain a possibility if the promises of dio moi are not met, and Vietnam remains economically stagnat.

Essay plan-

Intro

1st para- mainly looking at frendch domination, history, and the declrtion of independence

2nd genvea accords- decided by neurtral members from inda, beligim and swwiserland directed policies in vientma which caused a slpit in power and auhtoryt, this idunity cause disarray. The USA had control over puppet leaders such as bad dai and ngo diem dinh, and they tuened it into a democracy. The took control of the peoplr and had auhtory of the country through theoir money

3rd para- Vientmae war was a fight for poweer and auhtoritu- therefore vientma became communist. This communst party led the country. 18 members five year stance in the politburo implememned doi moid, capitalist. People have power

Conculsion

In Vietnam there are many aspects of gender roles that have changed over time. However, throughout tumultuous history it is interesting to note that many aspects of traditional roles, despite conflicts, that have remained the same.

Vietnam has undergone significant changes with gender roles over the past centuries. The nation has a relatively patriarchal stamp, where women have a lower status to men. The early centuries of the millennium women in Vietnam were limited to household jobs and were expected to stay obedient to their husbands and speak when spoken to. This was a result from acculturation from Chinese and French imperial powers whom inflicted their culture and highly influenced thew Vietnamese culture. However from this patriarchal society, the present day displays many changes that are evident in politics and the work place. There has been a dramatic increase in women politics in the Vietnamese National Assembly as 26.7% of the party is made up of women. They are now reflecting new ideas as women are vocalising their demands to achieve equality. In the work force women gained equal pay as men and are beginning to make decisions outside the family home in regards to economics and business, the continuity of the patriarchal society is no longer such a large issue of the Vietnamese society.

In 39 BC the Trung sisters fought the Chinese in the Vietnamese liberation movement. They lead the entire Vietnamese army against the Chinese and went to war. They were significant leaders in Vietnamese history, which shows that before the chinese and French imperialism women in Vietnamese played a significant role in society. This shows continuity in that it reflects the values and female equality ideologies in place in the modern times. Women, although in a relatively patriarchal society, did play a large role in society. There was a long history of women fighters, in world war two, conflict in Indochina and the Vietnam they played a big part in fighting, making artillery and bombs as well as strategising ideas. In the conflict in Indochina women played a large role in the last successful battle of Dien Bien Phu. Women and men working together to create annexes of the French and British soldiers. This equality shows the continuity of a relatively equal society present in 39 BC where the Trung Sisters proved the strength of the women. The continuity of divisions in society is present today also,

HSC 2001

a) identify on specific example of change on the nature of traditional society and culture in that country (1)

The role of females as traditional subservient members of the family has changed to females having more input in the workforce and family decisions. (mention Vietnam and shorten in)

b) Describe the impact of this change (4)

Traditional dogma prescribed that women cook, clean and produce babies, whilst sitting low on the family hierarchy. However, as a result of modernization, there is a growing independence of females in the workforce. Statistics revealing that the government has opened their doors to over 128 female representatives in the senate, with jobs in policies. As a result, policies regarding the welfare of females have had input from women in the government. The females in the workforce have also diversified the nature of work (give examples).

(Give example) in that females input has increased productivity during industrialization. This in tern has assisted in the reparations on the economy from the repercussion of the Vietnam War. (talk about marriages and family and females authority and control)- westernisation

c) Evaluate the implications of this change for the future of the country. (7)

The changes in the family and workforce in regards to females have impacted the direction of the social, political and economic aspects of Vietnam. The females in the workforce have helped to rebuild a fallen workplace. This rising commitment has also made it more competitive, which in tern will increase the quality of businesses and provide employment for more people. Also, females in politics will empower women to find work and policy will be more flexible to suit females as well as men. The future of the economy would only be improved due to the increase in the work force. Educational institutions such as the Vietnam national university in HO Chi Ming city providing over 50 scholarships to females. This would take females out from the homemaker with more opportunities to undertake a professional career.

(Fairer nation. Society- more equality based- women are less suppressed- means men take more role in the home).

Match points with marking.

HSC 2002

With reference to Vietnam:

a) Discuss how globalization involves a growing awareness of the world as a single place (3)

Globalization refers to the process where whereby political, social and economic and cultural relations increasingly take on a global scale. It has a profound impact on Vietnamese in that it has intensified compression of the world and an increase in our consciousness of the world, with increasing global connections. Cultural globalization with an American cultural diffusion, with the introduction of US products such as Coca Cola and McDonalds. The introduction of US based businesses such as Starblacks and Pizza House show an attempt to channel the US. Also, globalization promotes traveling, making it easier. This has had a positive economic impact on Vietnam, with the economy basing itself on tourism. Also, the secondary and primary labor markets have improved as a result of TNC’s investing factories in Vietnam. This has had a negative impact of Vietnam, as they are providing exploitive labor on them.

b) Clarify how globalization challenges values in that country (3)

Globalization promotes the capitalist regime, with big businesses having monopoly of the economy. This has challenged the socialist based country, which strives off collectivization. The introduction of Doi Moi reflects the changing nature of socialism as a result of globalization. Filial piety is being challenged, with children leaving home to pursue a career where they have the option to work for large TNC’s. Also, the role of religion in Vietnam is challenged with the exposure of religions such as Christianity, Hinduism and Muslim having an influence on Vietnamese.

c) Predict the possible impact of globalization in the near future or individuals in that country (6)

The fact that globalization has been a slow process in Vietnam means it could become a strong economy and steady and gradual movement. Unlike such nations as India which have undertaken it so quickly, that it has had a backwards effect. Globalization is set to improve Vietnam economically, with the development of the middle class; making class structure is more flexible for the poorer people. Globalization will also improve international trade, with opportunities for trade and education from other countries. The impact of tourism will promote travel and tourism. Thus adding to their economy. A dependence on American products such as McDonalds and Coca Cola could also impact other aspects of life that are influenced by the American lifestyle. This could be a more capitalist society and social influences such as the role of women in the workforce and holidays such as Christmas being celebrated.

HSC 2003

With reference to Vietnam

d) Discuss how globalization involves a growing awareness of the world as a single place

➢ We can see the real images of the world, and learn about Vietnamese culture.

➢ We can experience it through eating out and dressing in Vietnamese fashion.

➢ We can call overseas and talk to relatives

➢ Transnational Corporations TNC’s, can operate over numerous countries, can create employment and exploit them also. Such as Starblacks, Pizza House.

e) Clarify how globalization challenges values in that country

➢ Collectivization, communism is being challenged by businesses such as the filial piety being overthrown because children are being given the opportunity to earn money and education

➢ Religious beliefs, challenged by the exposure of the outside world, creating curiosity of the people

f) Predict the possible impact of globalization in the near future or individuals in that country

➢ The fact that globalization is a slow process in Vietnam; it could become a strong economy and steady and gradual movement. It will improve economically and maintain continuity and of family values

➢ Development of the middle class, class structure is more flexible for those in poverty to access the upper classes

➢ International trade, opportunities for trade and education from other countries

➢ Tourism, promoting travel and tourism. People are encouraged to keep a tradition, meanwhile accept that change needs to occur

Name a country and identity ONE feature of that c country that demonstrates BOTH continuity and change- Government institutions, Role of females, family

With reference to country you have named, evaluate how power and authority impact on the feature you have identified

➢ Traditional society government, Chinese domination for approx 1000 years

➢ Continuity, Vietnamese society prevailed, 979, won over Chinese

➢ French influence, 1860’s, colonized and annexed. They exploited the rubber plantations, rice, opium

➢ Japanese, French, French again, Vietnam, the American war, division of the 17th parallel

➢ Now the national assembly rules, independent nation

Describe how you experience continuity and change in either your macro or micro world. (4 marks)

a) Change- the laws

b) Change- technology

c) Continuity- tradition of Australian society, such as patriarchal society

d) Continuity- provides ongoing safe society, democratic society, we still are a monarchy

HSC 2003

a) Outline a theory of social change that you have studied (4)

Karl Marx’s conflict theory is based around the belief that social change occurs as a response to inequalities in society. These inequalities cause conflicts between the dominant groups who maintain values and norms through their economic and social power, whilst suppressing the lower classes from accessing any form of power. Change occurs when those without power rise up and form a revolution to promote a more egalitarian society, on the bases of socialism.

b) assess the value of this theory in understanding change in your selected country (8)

This theory applies to the social change that has occurred in Vietnamese history from the early 20th century. The French imperialists distinguished themselves from the Vietnamese plebs through economic and social distinctions. They subjected the Vietnamese to exploitation as coolies in the rubber fields for their own economic growth. As a result of this, leader Ho Chi Minh emerged as a revolutionists, who started the Vietminh, which gained popularity from the peasants, who made up 90% of society. In the final battle between the French in 1954, the Vietminh defeated them and gained domestic independence. This shows, through the inequalities imposed by the French that social change emerged and could only be achieved through conflict.

HSC 2004

Select one of the features of society and culture that demonstrates continuity and change you have studied.

➢ Education

➢ Beliefs

➢ Social welfare/ health

➢ Gender roles

➢ Laws and legal system

➢ Government institutions

➢ Family life and population changes

a) describe change that has occurred in Vietnam (3) (more examples)

Change in the gender roles. Males are becoming less dominant in the family structure. Despite Vietnam remaining mainly patriarchal, the males are having exersizing control over the lives of their wives and daughters- they are making jointly decisions- nmot expected to filial peity. Females are projecting themselves assertively in the work force, pursuing careers in areas of politics, business and academia. This has been a vast change from their old role as subservient house workers.

(b) Analyze both positive and negative effects of the change you have described, assess whether this change is necessarily progress. (9)

Change refers to the alteration of circumstances. It can be in the form of progress or it can be a rearrangement of what was already there. However, with the shifting gender roles, it reflects progress, in particular the progression of females in society. It has had many positive repercussions.

Traditional dogma prescribed that women cook, clean and produce babies, whilst sitting low on the family hierarchy. However, as a result of modernization, there is a growing independence of females as well as men in the workforce. Statistics reveal that the government has opened their doors to over 128 female representatives. As a result, policies regarding the welfare of females have had input from women in the government. The females in the workforce has also diversified the nature of work, in that females input has increased productivity during industrialization. This in tern has assisted in the reparations on the economy from the repercussion of the Vietnam War.

The changing roles of gender in the family and workforce in regards to females have impacted the direction of the social, political and economic aspects of Vietnam. The females in the workforce have helped to rebuild a fallen workplace. The fallen male population from war means that the male population has decreased. a rising workplace gender diversity has also made it more competitive, which in tern will increase the quality of businesses and provide employment for more people. Also, females in politics will empower women to find work and policies will be more flexible to suit females as well as men. The future of the economy would only be improved due to the increase in the work force.

However the changing gender roles of has had negative effects on the social structures. Many women are forced to work during the day and return to the home to do housework. This has become wearing on women who are working up to 10 hours a day. This represents continuity in gender roles and challenges the notion that gender roles are necessarily progressive. The changing role of females has had a negative impact on the social structure of the family, with traditional conventions being neglected. In effect, tradition is loding its infleucne, which used to adhere the familty together. Now with more emphasis on individualism, people are starting to lose touch with their traditional Vietnamese foundations. Such as increasing divorce rates and breakdown of family unit.

`

Urbanisation – unemployment in cities- agrarian provided resources- import and export- economy-

1. Distinguish between personal experience and public knowledge

Personal experience refers to those experiences you have as you grow and develop as a human being. That personal experience is unique to you as an individual, and is valid part of the material you can refer to as content within the course.

Public refers to the collection of knowledge assembled through research and analysis of a wide range of personal experiences. It is developed through the research of social and cultural theorists, which may apply to your experiences, but doesn’t necessarily have to.

2. evaluate the use of primary and secondary sources when used to research the typical Australian family

Primary sources refer to the actual experiences and responses from family members, where they describe their experiences within the family. This is valuable because it allows the researcher to evaluate different experiences and traditions. This only gives insular and very closed and insular experiences which refer to them and not necessarily the ‘typical Australian family’. However, to gather a more diverse and generic viewpoint, secondary research from social and cultural researchers evaluates the typical Australian practices. This can be of value because it describes the patterns and generalizes the ‘typical’ Australian family.

3. distinguish between a case study and an ethnographic study

A case study is a study of a single person or small community where you are using several methodologies such as interview, statistics, observation etc. Ethnographic is a singular sub-culture, such as surf culture.

4. Give an example of action research that could be carried out at your school.

Action research is research which is undertaken and followed up by a proposal and subsequent actions. Such as a school student researching the uniform policy

5. read the article on social change (page 146-7) and answer questions 1 (146) and 1, 2(147)

1/147

Globalization is the process whereby the world is ‘getting smaller’. As a result, nations are linked together through technology, which has brought changes to many cultures. For Australia, businesses have the opportunity to grow larger and employ workers overseas. With this many businesses have had the opportunity to become transnational corporations, such as Nike. Some businesses use this connectedness with other countries to exploit cheap workers in third world countries; therefore, this means they are earning significantly more than what they are expending. TNC’s also allow for people to have the opportunity to work overseas, which increases travel opportunities and also syncretism cultures together, such as the Chinese culture having influence on Australia.

There is more on HSC 2003.

6. Define power and authority

Power is the ability of an individual to exercise a sense of control over another with their consent. Authority refers to the legitimate use of influence and persuasion and an accepted right to power. These differentiate because power is the influence and authority is the title that gives them the right to make decisions for others. In many cases, power leads to authority they mostly interrelate in democratic countries, but sometimes they do not interrelate, and that can breed problems.

................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download