PH = -log[H
[Pages:19]pH
Log scale. Useful when dealing with very small or very large number (big ranges of numbers) every "pH" unit is 10x larger or smaller [H+]
pH = -log[H+]
pH= 13 [H+] =10-13
pH= 7 [H+] =10-7
pH= 2 [H+] =10-2
Principles of Chemistry II
? Vanden Bout
pH 3-14 10-2 M pH =2
0 M 10-1M pH =1
linear [H+]
1M
10-8 10-7 10-6 10-6 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 1M
pH=8
log [H+]
pH=0
Principles of Chemistry II
? Vanden Bout
Strong Acids and Bases
"Strong" means one thing The substance dissociates 100% in water
Strong Acid
HCl(aq) H+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
[H+][Cl-]
Ka =
[HCl]
Strong Electrolyte
NaCl(s) Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
Ksp = [Na+][Cl-]
Principles of Chemistry II
? Vanden Bout
Strong Acids
HCl HBr HI
HClO4 HClO3 H2SO4 HNO3
Hydrochloric Hydrobromic
Hydroiodic
Perchloric
Chloric Sulfuric Nitric
All Dissociate 100%
Principles of Chemistry II
? Vanden Bout
What is the pH of a 0.1 M solution of Nitric Acid
HNO3(aq)
H+(aq) + NO3-(aq)
0.1 M acid makes a solution with [H+] = 0.1M pH =-log(0.1) = 1
Principles of Chemistry II
? Vanden Bout
What is the pH of a 0.5M solution of HBr?
A. 0.5 B. 1 C. 0.3 D. 0 E. 12
[H+] =0.5 0 ................
................
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