Conjunctive adverbs - DeSoto Independent School District
← Conjunctive adverbs DO function as conjunctions by connecting parts of sentences.
← They usually join two INDEPENDENT CLAUSES (sentences).
Two Purposes of Conjunctive Adverbs:
1) Show Relationship - The primary purpose of conjunctive adverbs is to show a relationship (compare, contrast, cause-effect, sequence, indicate time, etc.) between ideas in two separate clauses not simply to join main clauses.
EX: The pasta is good; however, the mystery dish is disgusting.
RELATIONSHIP SHOWN: ___________________________
(2) Provide Transition - All conjunctive adverbs are transitional (show changing of ideas). AGAIN, they can be used to show relationships (such as compare, contrast, cause-effect, sequence, indicate time, etc.).
← When two clauses are connected/related by a conjunctive adverb, they must:
A. …be separated by a period
EX: John did not want to go to the library on Friday. However, he knew he needed to write his paper.
OR
B. …be combined by a semicolon (followed by a comma).
EX: John did not want to go to the library on Friday; however, he knew he needed to write his paper.
FORMULA: [independent clause]; conjunctive adverb, [independent clause].
Become FAMILIAR with the following list of commonly used
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS (and when/how to use):
|Accordingly (for that reason) |**Otherwise (contrast) |
|Afterwards (sequence) |**So (cause-effect) |
|Again (repeating an idea) |Meanwhile (for the moment; for now) |
|Anyhow (at any rate) |Similarly (equally; in the same way) |
|Also (adding information) |Subsequently (consequently; as a result) |
|Consequently (as a result of something) |Next (sequence) |
|Conversely (opposition) |Still |
|However (opposition) |Therefore (as a result) |
|Indeed (express agreement) |Finally (lastly; as a final point) |
|Likewise (similar) |Furthermore (adding information) |
|Moreover (adding information to prove) |Besides (as well; in addition) |
|Nevertheless (in spite of; regardless) |In fact (adding a fact/proving point) |
|Nonetheless (in spite of; regardless) |Then |
|Instead (in its place; an alternative) |Further |
|Thus (as a result; consequence) |Hence (in the future) |
EXAMPLES OF USING CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS:
EX. 1—The president will be attending the lecture; accordingly, the vice president will be available for the luncheon. Relationship: ___________________________
EX. 2—Jamie wanted to see “Mission Impossible”; however, Nick wanted to see “28 Days.” Relationship: ___________________________
✓ Conjunctive adverbs “so” and “otherwise” DO NOT require a comma following them when being used to join independent clauses.
Examples of PROPERLY using “so” and “otherwise” (as conjunctive adverbs):
EX. 1—The best candidate for the job missed her flight; so we will postpone the interviews until tomorrow.
EX. 2—You will need to focus on the goal; otherwise it is easy to get distracted.
Conjunctive Adverbs CAN be moved within a sentence making them TRANSITIONAL:
• A conjunctive adverb can introduce (or begin), interrupt, or conclude (or end) a single independent sentence.
• In this situation, you will often need commas to separate the conjunctive adverb from the rest of the sentence.
(1) However, the movie was good. (conjunctive adverb appears in the ___________________)
(Comma appears __________________ the conjunctive adverb)
2) The movie, however, was good. (conjunctive adverb appears in the ________________)
(Comma appears ___________________ the conjunctive adverb)
3) The movie was good, however. (conjunctive adverb appears at the ___________________)
(Comma appears ____________________ the conjunctive adverb)
Guided Practice: (1) READ the sentence carefully. (2) CIRCLE the answer choice that contains the BEST answer to complete each sentence.
[pic]
|1. |Raul is at the basketball __________________ he cannot be with us tonight. |
[pic] A. game, therefore
[pic] B. game; therefore,
[pic] C. game, therefore,
[pic]
|2. |You don't have enough __________________ we can lend you some. |
[pic] A. money; however
[pic] B. money; however,
[pic] C. money, however,
[pic]
|3. |It is the last game of the __________________ we will never play together again. |
[pic] A. season; furthermore,
[pic] B. season, furthermore
[pic] C. season; furthermore
4. The gods thundered in the _________________ the mortals below cowered in fear.
A. heavens; consequently,
B. heavens, consequently;
C. heavens; consequently
5. The bank robber dodged the ___________________ Jackson was shot seventeen times in the tibia.
A. bullet; meanwhile
B. bullet; meanwhile,
C. bullet; meanwhile;
6. Arianna appreciates the ______________________ a Corvette would be a finer gift.
A. flowers; still
B. flowers; still,
C. flowers, still;[pic]
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