Chapter A4. COLLECTION OF WATER SAMPLES

U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations

Book 9 Handbooks for Water-Resources Investigations

National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data

Chapter A4.

COLLECTION OF WATER SAMPLES

Revised 2006

U.S. Geological Survey TWRI Book 9

Chapter A4. (Version 2.0, 9/2006)

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Mark D. Myers, Director

Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

For additional information write to:

Chief, Office of Water Quality U.S. Geological Survey 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Mail Stop 412 Reston, VA 20192

This report is accessible online at

Chapter A4. (Version 2.0, 9/2006)

U.S. Geological Survey TWRI Book 9

Foreword

The mission of the W ater Resour ces Dis cipline of the U.S. Geological Surv ey (USGS) is to pro vide the information and understanding needed for wise management of the Nation's water resources. Inherent in this mission is the responsibility to collect data that accurately describe the physical, chemical, and biological attributes of water systems. These data ar e used for environmental an d resource asses sments b y the USGS, other government agencies and scie ntific or ganizations, and the general public. Reliable and quality-assured data are essential to the credibility and impartiality of the water-resources appraisals carried out by the USGS.

The de velopment and use of a National Field Manual is necessary to achie ve consistency in the scientif ic methods and procedures used, to document those methods an d procedures, and to maintain technical e xpertise. USGS f ield personnel use this manual to e nsure that the da ta collected are of the quality required to fulfill our mission.

Robert M. Hirsch Associate Director for Water

U.S. Geological Survey TWRI Book 9

Chapter A4. (Version 2.0, 9/2006)

Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations Page intentially left blank.

Chapter A4. (Version 2.0, 9/2006)

U.S. Geological Survey TWRI Book 9

COLLECTION OF WATER SAMPLES-- 1

National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data

Chapter A4.

COLLECTION OF WATER SAMPLES

Page

Abstract ............................................................................................... 7 Introduction ........................................................................................ 8

Purpose and scope ......................................................................... 8 Requirements and recommendations........................................... 9 Field manual review and revision................................................. 10 Acknowledgments.......................................................................... 10 A4. Collection of Water Samples ....................................................... 11 4.0 Responsibilities, field preparations, and

preventing sample contamination ................................... 13 4.0.1 Responsibilities and field preparations ..................... 14 4.0.2 Preventing sample contamination ............................. 19 4.1 Surface-water sampling .......................................................... 25 4.1.1 Site files........................................................................ 26

4.1.1.A NWIS files...................................................... 26 4.1.1.B Field folders ................................................... 28 4.1.2 Selection of surface-water sampling sites ................. 30 4.1.2.A Flowing-water sites ....................................... 31 4.1.2.B Still-water sites .............................................. 33

Collection of Water Samples (Version 2.0, 9/2006)

Chapter A4. Contents

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