I
I.
ELEMENTS
Part Outline
1. Sound: Pitch, Dynamics, and Tone Color
Pitch: Highness or Lowness of Sound
Dynamics
Tone Color
Listening Outlines, Vocal Music Guides, and the Properties of Sound
2. Performing Media: Voices and Instruments
Voices
Musical Instruments
String Instruments
Woodwind Instruments
Brass Instruments
Percussion Instruments
Keyboard Instruments
Electronic Instruments
3. Rhythm
Beat
Meter
Accent and Syncopation
Tempo
4. Music Notation
Notating Pitch
Notating Rhythm
Notating Silence (Rests)
Notating Meter
The Score
5. Melody
6. Harmony
Consonance and Dissonance
The Triad
Broken Chords (Arpeggios)
7. Key
The Major Scale
The Minor Scale
The Key Signature
The Chromatic Scale
Modulation: Change of Key
Tonic Key
8. Musical Texture
Monophonic Texture
Polyphonic Texture
Homophonic Texture
Changes of Texture
9. Musical Form
Techniques That Create Musical Form
Repetition
Contrast
Variation
Types of Musical Form
Three-Part (Ternary) Form: A B A
Two-Part (Binary) Form: A B
Listening for Form
10. Musical Style
Listening Guides in Part I
• The Firebird: Scene 2, by Igor Stravinsky
• C-Jam Blues, by Duke Ellington and His Famous Orchestra
• The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra, Op.34, by Benjamin Britten
• Prelude in E Minor for Piano, Op. 28, No. 4, by Frédéric Chopin
• Farandole from L'Arlésienne Suite No.2, by Georges Bizet
• Dance of the Reed Pipes from Nutcracker Suite, by Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
• Contradance No. 7 in E Flat Major from Twelve Contradances for Orchestra, by Luwig van Beethoven
Terms in Part I
sound pitch tone
interval octave pitch range; range
dynamics accent decrescendo
diminuendo crescendo tone color; timbre
voice strings woodwind
brass percussion keyboard
register conductor baton
concertmaster bow pizzicato
double stop vibrato mute
tremolo harmonics plectrum
reed single-reed woodwinds double-reed woodwinds
mute theme variations
rhythm beat meter
measure downbeat duple meter
triple meter quadruple meter upbeat
sextuple meter quintuple meter septuple meter
accent syncopation tempo
tempo indication notation note
staff ledger lines sharp sign
flat sign natural sign clef
treble clef bass clef grand staff
middle C stem beam
dotted note dotted rhythm tie
rest time signature melody
step leap climax
legato staccato phrase
sequence cadence theme
harmony chord progression
consonance dissonance resolution
triad tonic chord dominant chord
cadence broken chord; arpeggio tonic; keynote
key scale tonality
major scale half step whole step
minor scale major key minor key
chromatic scale modulation tonic; home key
monophonic unison polyphonic
counterpoint imitation homophonic
form repetition contrast
three-part form two-part form style
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