Lesson 3 | Changing Earth’s Surface - Seaford

Lesson 3 | Changing Earth¡¯s Surface

Student Labs and Activities

Page

Launch Lab

47

Content Vocabulary

48

Lesson Outline

49

MiniLab

51

Content Practice A

52

Content Practice B

53

School to Home

54

Key Concept Builders

55

Enrichment

59

Challenge

60

Lab A

63

Lab B

66

Lab C

69

Chapter Key Concepts Builder

70

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46

Earth¡¯s Dynamic Surface

Name

Date

Launch Lab

Class

LESSON 3: 15 minutes

How do rocks change?

Weathering is any natural process that changes a rock. The processes can be physical or

chemical. How can you tell the difference between physical and chemical weathering?

Procedure

1. Read and complete a lab safety form.

2. Use a graduated cylinder to pour

100 mL of water into a beaker. Use a

wax pencil to mark this beaker with

a W.

3. Pour 100 mL of vinegar into a second

beaker. Mark this beaker with a V.

crush one half. Put the crushed chalk

on a piece of paper. Repeat for the

other piece of chalk.

5. At the same time, add the crushed

chalk to each beaker. In the Data and

Observations section below, describe

what happens.

4. Break a piece of chalk into two equal

pieces. Use a mortar and pestle to

Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Data and Observations

Think About This

1. When did physical weathering take place? When did chemical weathering take place?

Explain.

2.

Key Concept What do you think is the difference between physical and chemical

weathering?

Earth¡¯s Dynamic Surface

47

Name

Date

Class

Content Vocabulary

LESSON 3

Changing Earth¡¯s Surface

Directions: On the line before each definition, write the letter of the term that matches it correctly.

1. large mass of ice, formed by snow accumulation

on land, that moves slowly across Earth¡¯s surface

2. process of breaking down rock without changing

the composition of the rock

3. triangular deposit of sediment that forms where

stream enters a large body of water

A. chemical weathering

B. delta

C. deposition

D. erosion

E. glacier

F. mass wasting

4. mechanical and chemical processes that change

Earth¡¯s surface

5. process that changes the composition of rocks

G. physical weathering

H. processes

I. sediment

6. series of actions or operations that lead to an end

result

J. weathering

7. moving of weathered material, or sediment, from

one location to another

8. material formed from rocks broken down by

Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

weathering

9. downhill movement of a large mass of rocks or

soil due to gravity

10. laying down or settling of eroded material

48

Earth¡¯s Dynamic Surface

Name

Date

Class

Lesson Outline

LESSON 3

Changing Earth¡¯s Surface

A. Breaking Down Earth Materials

1. Processes that wear away and break down

are often so

slow that it is difficult to see changes in the mountains during a human¡¯s lifetime.

a. The mechanical and chemical processes that change Earth¡¯s surface over time are

referred to as

.

b. The material formed from rocks broken down by weathering

is

.

c. Sediment produced by weathering can be rock fragments, sand, silt,

or

.

2. The process of breaking down rock without changing the composition of the rock is

called

weathering.

a. Rocks can break as a result of

motion or when a

boulder rolls off a cliff.

b.

seeping into cracks in rocks can freeze and shatter

Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

the rock.

c. The force from plant

growing in cracks in rocks can

pry the rock open.

3. The process that changes the composition of rocks is called

weathering.

a. Some minerals, such as calcite, can dissolve in slightly

water, such as rainwater.

b. Other minerals react with carbon dioxide or oxygen in the

to form new

.

c. Abundant water and higher temperatures speed up

weathering.

B. Moving Earth Materials

1. The term

is used to describe the moving of weathered

material, or sediment, from one location to another.

2. The laying down or settling of eroded material is

Earth¡¯s Dynamic Surface

.

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Name

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Lesson Outline continued

3. The downhill movement of a large mass of rocks or soil due to gravity is

called

.

a. On tall mountains or steep slopes, the force of gravity can create a type of mass

wasting called a(n)

.

b. The

needed to move rocks and soil can come from

gravity, flowing water, wind, and moving

.

4. Most erosion and

of sediment is carried out by flowing

water.

a. Faster water can carry larger pieces of

than slower

water.

b. When water slows, the sediment in the water is

on

the sides of the river.

c. When rivers enter oceans or lakes, sediment also is deposited, forming land

features called

.

5. Erosion by

can be the most important process that

changes landforms in deserts.

6. Examples of landforms made by wind include

dunes

C. Ice

1. In cold climates, such as high mountains or near the poles, large masses of ice,

formed by snow accumulation on land, that move slowly across Earth¡¯s surface are

called

.

a. The force of

causes glaciers to flow and slide downhill,

weathering the rocks over which the ice moves.

b. Glaciers can pick up

they

2. Plate tectonics explains many of

and then deposit it when

.

surface features and

the processes that occur on it.

3.

50

, or the average weather in a region over a long period of

time, affects the processes that move Earth material.

Earth¡¯s Dynamic Surface

Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

and ripples.

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