INTRODUCTION TO PHOTOSHOP



Introduction to Photoshop

Unit 4 – Changing Modes and Adjusting Layers

1) SWITICHING BETWEEN MODES

Switching modes alters the type of colours that are available for your image. It is a quick and easy way to turn a colour image black and white or to enable you to add colour to a black and white image.

a. Converting to Black and White (Grayscale)

i. In switching an image to black and white or grayscale, you are also switching your tools into grayscale.

ii. No colour objects may be added unless you switch modes again.

iii. If you wish to keep your colour tools, see Desaturate below.

iv. If you still wish to convert the image, access the top menu and select Image>Mode>Grayscale.

b. Converting to Colour (RGB Colour)

i. RGB or Red/Green/Blue colour mode is the default for all colour computer images.

ii. In order to convert an image, access the top menu and select Image>Mode>RGB Colour.

iii. This does not colourize an image, it simply makes it possible to add colour.

2) IMAGE AND COLOUR ADJUSTMENTS

In Photoshop, adjustments refer to alterations to the colours and lighting in an image. These adjustments can take place two ways:

a. Image Adjustments

i. These adjustments affect the whole image, and often necessitate a merging of layers.

ii. All adjustments are available using this technique.

iii. To access them, go to the top menu and select Image>Adjustments.

b. Adjustment Layers

i. This places a layer over top of the image to be adjusted, and does not require a merging of layers.

ii. The adjustment is located in this layer and it can be moved through the order of layers like any other.

iii. Not all adjustments are available using this technique.

iv. To access them, go to the top menu and select Layer>New Adjustment Layer.

c. Adjustment Types

Although not an exhaustive list, the following are the most commonly used adjustments in Photoshop.

i. Colour Balance

1. Colour Balance is used to alter the amount of a particular colour within an image or a particular area of an image, in relation to other colours.

2. It is limited to the basic red, green and blue colours of the standard RGB mode, along with cyan, magenta and yellow which are the primary colours of most printers.

3. To apply, select an area (otherwise it will be applied to the whole image) and then go Image>Adjustments>Colour Balance.

4. Use the slide bars for each colour to increase the amount of that specific colour in the selected region.

ii. Brightness Contrast

1. This adjustment allows you to increase or decrease the overall brightness of an image, while adjust the differences between the light and dark sections.

2. It can be used to correct images where areas are too dark, such as the flash not going off or when an image is back lit.

3. However it often has to be used in conjunction with colour balance or hue and saturation to adjust colour differences.

4. To apply, select an area (otherwise it will be applied to the whole image) and then go Image>Adjustments>Brightness/Contrast.

5. Use the slide bars in the newly opened window to make your adjustments.

iii. Desaturate

1. Desaturate acts similarly to switching to grayscale mode, but allows you make an area black and white, with out changing the overall mode of the image.

2. This allows you to maintain al the colour tools you need, or make a specific area only black and white.

3. To apply, select an area (otherwise it will be applied to the whole image) and then go Image>Adjustments>Desaturate.

iv. Replace Colour

1. This adjustment can be used to select a single colour from and image and replace it with another.

2. All instances of that colour within the image will be replaced, unless you select a specific area only first.

3. To apply, go Image>Adjustments>Replace Colour.

4. A new window will open but you will still be able to access your image. When over the image, your curser will be come an eye dropper allowing you to select which colour you wish to replace.

5. In the replace colour window, use the different slide bars to select which colour you wish to use and how bright it should be.

v. Hue and Saturation

1. Hue and Saturation, functions in many ways similar to colour balance and colour replacement but with some notable distinctions.

2. In its standard mode, it allows you to adjust the amount and intensity of colours within your image.

3. In colourize mode, it allows you to minutely adjust the type of colour within a selected area.

4. Hue and saturation allows you to keep the different shadings within a selected area, and is more precise then the changes represented by colour balance and colour replacement.

5. To apply, select an area (otherwise it will be applied to the whole image) and then go Image>Adjustments>Hue and Saturation.

6. To access the colourize mode, place a check in the box next to Colourize in the bottom right hand corner of the Hue and Saturation window.

7. Use the slide bards to make your adjustments: Hue refers to the type of colour, Saturation the intensity and Lightness how bright it is.

3) COLOURIZING IMAGES

To colourize a black and white image, you should make use of several of the tools already discussed above, selecting specific areas before applying them. Here are some pointers for general techniques.

a. Skin Tones – Hue and Saturation

i. Select areas of skin using tools like magnetic lasso.

ii. Access Hue and Saturation and select the Colourize mode.

iii. Adjust the slide bars until you get a colour that reflects the desired skin tones.

b. Large Solid Colour Areas (ie clothes) – Colour Replacement

i. Select solid colour areas with the magic wand.

ii. Access Colour Replacement, and adjust the colours of the selected area.

c. Minor Colour Shifts – Colour Balance

i. None of the previous adjustments made might look %100 authentic.

ii. Reselect the various areas, and access Colour Balance to make small scale adjustments for better realism (such as reducing the pink in some skin tones, by adjusting down the red slide bar).

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Practice assignment 4a

• From the classroom website, open the image Fallen Leaf.

• Convert the image to grayscale, by going Image>Mode>Grayscale.

• Try changing the foreground colour. Note how it stays in grayscale.

• Convert Image back into RGB Colour, by going Image>Mode>RGB.

• Note how the image stays in black and white.

• Try changing the foreground colour again and note how colours are now available.

• Post to website (before and after)

•

Practice assignment 4b

• From your classroom website open the image Monument.

• Select the bricks of the background building. Use the Magic Wand Tool.

• Access Image>Adjustments>Colour Balance.

• Move the top slide bar over to the right, towards red to intensify the colour of the bricks, and click OK.

• Select the statue portion of the image.

• Access Image>Adjustments>Colour Balance.

• Move the middle slide bar over to the right, towards green, to brighten the bronze of the statue.

Practice assignment 4c

• From your classroom website open the image Erin.

• Access Image>Adjustments>Brightness/Contrast

• Adjust the top slide bar to the right to lighten the overall image.

• Adjust the lower slide bar to the right, to highlight the differences between the light and dark portions of the screen.

• To finish the image, select the face area, and access Image>Adjustments>Colour Balance.

• Adjust the colours to give the skin a more natural appearance.

Practice assignment 4d

• From your classroom website, open image Flowers.

• Using a selection tool of your choice, select the select the flowers and vase from the centre of the picture.

• From the top menu, go Select>Inverse

• Access Image>Adjustments>Desaturate, to turn the area grayscale.

• To finish the image access Image>Adjustments>Brightness/Contrast.

• Adjust the slide bars to cause the flowers to stand out from the background.

•

Practice assignment 4e

• From your classroom website, open image Leaves.

• Access Image>Adjustments>Replace Colour.

• Move your curser over your image and left click the orange of one of the leaves to select the colour you wish to replace.

• In the Replace Colour window, move the Hue slide bar (top) to the right to change the leaves’ colour to green.

• Adjust the Saturation and Lightness slide bars to increase the realism of the colour replacement.

Practice assignment 4f

• From your classroom website, open the image Katelyn.

• Access Image>Adjustments>Hue Saturation.

• Adjust the slide bars to create a sepia tone to the image (similar to an old ‘western’ style of photograph)

• Suggested settings:

o Hue: 40

o Saturation: 25

o Lightness: -20

Practice assignment 4g

• From your classroom website open the image Recolour.

• Use the techniques and tool descriptions discussed above to colourize the image.

• Begin with the faces, using Hue and Saturation in the colourize mode.

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