Activity 1.1.2 Design Principles and Elements



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|Activity 1.1.2 Design Principles and Elements |

Introduction

Have you ever noticed how buildings of similar size and shape can have completely different visual effects? Architects, like artists, must understand the elements and principles of design and how they affect the visual impact of the building on a viewer. Whether it is the intent of the architect to create a feeling of strength and stability or to create an unusual form that will elicit a double-take from the public, the elements and principles of design can be used to manipulate the intellectual and emotional reactions of the people who see and use the building.

Equipment

Principles and Elements of Design Applied to Architecture presentation notes

Procedure

In this activity you will identify design elements and principles as they pertain to images of structures.

For each of the following, choose one element of design and one principle of design that you feel is most prominent in the image and then justify your choice.

Word Bank

|Balance |Form |Rhythm |Texture |

|Color |Line |Shape |Unity |

|Emphasis |Proportion/Scale |Space |Value |

|Principle of Design | [pic] |

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|Rhythm, Unity, Contrast | |

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|Justification: | |

|This is irregular rhythm since the arches aren’t exactly the same | |

|The unity is shown in the materials, the only material used is stone | |

|There is a contrast, although not a large contrast, in color. The stone is two| |

|different colors, grey and brown. | |

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|Element of Design | |

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|Form and Shape, Texture | |

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|Justification: | |

|This has a shape in the arches. There is form in the columns | |

|The stone has a rough texture | |

|Principle of Design | [pic] |

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|Balance, Emphasis, Unity | |

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|Justification: | |

|There is horizontal balance here. If the building were split down the center, | |

|the left and the right sides mirror each other. | |

|The building is all one color and seems to be made mostly out of the same | |

|material, showing unity. | |

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|Element of Design | |

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|Lines, Form, Space | |

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|Justification: | |

|This building uses many vertical lines, as shown in the columns | |

|The form in this building is the dome at the top of the building. | |

|There isn’t a lot of open space, making the front of the building look a | |

|little busy. | |

|Principle of Design | [pic] |

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|Rhythm, Proportion and Scale, Contrast | |

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|Justification: | |

|There is regular rhythm in the decoration on the roof of the building. The | |

|pattern repeats until it gets to a corner. | |

|The 3:5 golden scale is evident in the building. The red building and the | |

|while tower have a 3:5 proportion | |

|There is a contrast in the color of the two structures, red and white. | |

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|Element of Design | |

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|Lines, Color, Shape, Space | |

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|Justification: | |

|This building has many horizontal lines, which are especially clear in the | |

|tower. | |

|There is the use of warm colors in the main building with the use of red. | |

|Shapes can be found in the arches of the red building and in the windows of | |

|both buildings. | |

|The white building has a very open space that’s not very cluttered. The red | |

|building has less open space, although the space is used very well. | |

|Principle of Design | [pic] |

| |City Hall and London Bridge |

|Balance, Rhythm, Movement | |

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|Justification: | |

|There’s asymmetrical balance, since the building is tilted and shifted to one | |

|side. | |

|This building has regular rhythm in the spacing of the horizontal lines. | |

|There is a feeling of movement in the way. | |

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|Element of Design | |

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|Lines, Form, Texture | |

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|Justification: | |

|In this building horizontal lines are curved around the building. | |

|The building is in an asymmetrical form, somewhat resembling an egg. | |

|The texture of this building appears to be smooth since the material used | |

|appears to be glass. | |

| Principle of Design | [pic] |

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|Emphasis, Contrast | |

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|Justification: | |

|There is an emphasis on the figure in the center since s/he’s wearing a | |

|different color and larger than the others. | |

|There is a contrast in colors since one figure is in blue while the others are| |

|in white. | |

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|Element of Design | |

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|Lines, Space, Color | |

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|Justification: | |

|There are curved lines, shown in the arch over the figures. | |

|There isn’t a lot of open space since there’s many figures and words (at the | |

|bottom). | |

|The two main colors used in this are blue and white, which are two cool colors| |

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|Principle of Design | [pic] |

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|Rhythm, Unity | |

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|Justification: | |

|The balconies creates regular rhythm in the building. | |

|The entire building is blue or clear, so the unity is in the color. | |

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|Element of Design | |

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|Lines, Shape, Space | |

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|Justification: | |

|From this angle, they look diagonal, but horizontal lines are used in this | |

|building. | |

|The balconies are in the shape of triangles and there’s one large rectangle on| |

|the side. | |

|There is a lot of open space on this building. | |

|Principle of Design | [pic] |

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|Balance, Unity | |

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|Justification: | |

|On the door of the building, there is horizontal balance. | |

|The colors used are all very muted, showing unity in the colors. | |

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|Element of Design | |

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|Lines, Color, Shape | |

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|Justification: | |

|The driveway has curved lines while the house has horizontal lines where the | |

|walls meet the roof. | |

|The two colors, red and yellow, are both warm colors. | |

|The roof is in the shape of triangles (cones). | |

|Principle of Design | [pic] |

| |Roman aqueduct |

|Rhythm, Proportion, Unity | |

| | |

|Justification: | |

|With the arches, there’s regular rhythm. | |

|The proportion between the top row of arches and the bottom row of arches is | |

|3:5, which is the golden ratio. | |

|The entire structure is made out of the same material for unity. | |

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|Element of Design | |

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|Lines, Space | |

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|Justification: | |

|Vertical lines are used in the columns/supports and curved lines are used in | |

|the arches. | |

|The space is very open and not cluttered. | |

|Principle of Design | [pic] |

| | |

|Balance, Emphasis | |

| | |

|Justification: | |

|In this structure, there’s horizontal balance, mirrored over the center of the| |

|image. | |

|There is emphasis on the gold artwork at the back of the room. | |

| | |

|Element of Design | |

| | |

|Lines, Color, Texture | |

| | |

|Justification: | |

|The lines of the columns are vertical. | |

|The whole color palate is white and gold, which are both warm colors. | |

|The texture of the stone, other than where it was carved, looks very smooth. | |

| Principle of Design | [pic] |

| | |

|Rhythm, Contrast, Unity | |

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|Justification: | |

|The buildings show regular rhythm. | |

|There is a contrast in colors, the main color is blue and the accent color is | |

|red. | |

|Unity is shown in the style the houses are built in. | |

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|Element of Design | |

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|Shape, Space, Color | |

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|Justification: | |

|The windows are all uniform in square shapes. | |

|There is not a lot of empty space, however the space seems to be used well. | |

|There are two main colors, red and blue, with red being a warm color and blue | |

|being a cool color. | |

Conclusion

In what way do certain elements or principles identify the time period in which a structure was created?

Elements and principles can be used to identify the time period in which a structure was created because certain elements and principles were more common or heavily used. Therefore, if the elements and principles of a structure match with certain elements and principles of buildings from a certain time period, then that structure is most likely from that time.

What factors might account for an incorrect identification?

Some factors that might account for an incorrect identification of a time period could be if some factors are similar to others (ex. two types of arches that look similar). Another factor could be if some features are found in multiple time periods.

Describe an example of a way that design principles and elements could impact the function of a building.

One example of a way that design principles and elements could impact the function of a building is when they are used to highlight certain features or places in the structure. This can help direct people to use or go to parts of the building. On the other hand, if some parts of the building are hard to find, hidden, or not exactly “showcased”, then those parts won’t be used as much.[pic]

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