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Psychological First Aid (PFA)What is Psychological First Aid?Psychological First Aid (PFA) is an evidence-informed approach that is built on the concept of human resilience. PFA aims to reduce stress symptoms and assist in a healthy recovery following a traumatic event, natural disaster, public health emergency, or even a personal crisis.Why use PFA?Emotional distress is not always as visible as a physical injury, but is just as painful and debilitating.After going through a life altering experience it is common to be effected emotionally.Everybody who experiences a disaster is touched by itReactions manifest differently at different periods of time during and after the incident.Some common stress reactions include:ConfusionFearFeelings of hopelessness and helplessnessSleep problemsphysical painanxietyAngerGriefShockAggressivenessWithdrawalGuiltShaken religious faithLoss of confidence in self or others.While Physical First Aid is used to reduce physical discomfort due to a bodily injury, Psychological First Aid is a strategy to reduce the painful range of emotions and responses experienced by people exposed to high stressGoal of Psychological First AidThe goal of Psychological First Aid is to create and sustain an environment of:1) Safety?2) Calm & Comfort3) Connectedness?4) Self-Empowerment, and?5) HopePsychological First Aid addresses basic needs and reduces psychological distress by providing a caring comforting presence, and education on common stress reactions. It empowers the individual by supporting strengths and encouraging existing coping skills. It also provides connections to natural support networks, and referrals to professional services when needed.?Psychological First Aid is tool that each of us can use to reduce our stress level. By understanding your stress reactions and utilizing Psychological First Aid principles, you can enhance resilience in yourself, your family, workplace, and community.What is the difference between PFA and counseling?PFA is not traditional psychiatric or professional mental health treatment, but rather a strategy to reduce stress reactions by providing additional support to those who have been affected by a traumatic or emergency incident.Do I need to have a degree to use PFA?No, Psychological First Aid does not rely on direct services by mental health professionals, but rather on skills that most of us already have.Who needs PFA?Psychological First Aid can help everyone—children, adolescents, adults, elders, families, and communities who have been exposed to a traumatic or emergency incident, including responders and support service providers.Is there a different PFA for children?Psychological First Aid for children and adolescents uses the same basic core strategies of: safety; calm & comfort; connectedness; self-empowerment; and hope, but with modifications to make them developmentally and age level appropriate.Where do you use PFA?Psychological First Aid is designed to be simple and practical so that it can be used in any setting. Psychological First Aid can be provided anywhere that trauma survivors can be found - in shelters, schools, hospitals, private homes, the workplace, and community settings.Is PFA administered differently amongst different cultures?Psychological First Aid encourages the use of “Cultural Leaders” for the provision of PFA services within various cultural groups. While the core strategies remain the same, inter-personal interaction and written communication should be adapted to respect and fit the needs of the impacted culture.What do I do if someone needs more help than I can give?When in doubt – consult! While most people will recover on their own from a traumatic incident, some people may need more intensive or professional support services.If you feel that someone needs more help than you are qualified to provide, speak with your supervisor or a mental health professional on how to best assist the individual, or how to refer them to on to professional mental health services.Where can I find more information on PFA?The University of Minnesota has developed a PFA phone app and mobile website.Psychological First Aid Tutorial For iPhone and AndroidPsychological First Aide Tutorialby Regents of the University of MinnesotaAdditional PFA resources are available on-line at:?MDH Behavioral Health and Emergency PreparednessFor further information, contact:Nancy CarlsonBehavioral Health Program CoordinatorOffice of Emergency PreparednessNancy.J.Carlson@state.mn.us651-201-5707/651-247-7398Behavioral Health and Emergency PreparednessA range of mental health and chemical abuse (behavioral health) problems may surface in the early stages of an emergency situation.? These may continue to emerge among the public and among professionals who respond to an event.?Addressing these concerns improves the emergency response and the health of the whole community.On this page:Psychological First AidContinuity of Operations (COOP)Responder resourcesAdult and family resourcesChild and school resourcesDisaster planningSuicide preventionTeensPsychological First AidPsychological First Aid (PFA)Helping people to reduce stress symptoms and assist in a healthy recovery following a traumatic event, natural disaster, public health emergency, or even a personal crisis.?Minnesota Psychological First Aid Just-In-Time (Video: 11 minutes)Video collaboration between MDH and the City of Minneapolis media department.Are You Stressed??Resources for People in Disaster, Emergency or CrisisPsychological First Aid: A Minnesota Community Support ModelRegister with U-SEEE to take this free 45-minute online training. Scroll through the list to find this course, then follow the instructions to register.Psychological First Aid (PowerPoint: 39 slides)?(PDF: 1.5MB/39 pages)Read the powerpoint, then take the tests and print the certificate.Psychological First Aid Pre-Test and Post-TestPsychological First Aid Pre-Test and Post-Test AnswersPsychological First Aid CertificateContinuity of Operations (COOP)Pandemic Influenza: Continuity of Operations (COOP) Training for Behavioral Health Service Providers (PPT: 44 slides)?(PDF: 44 pages)?H1N1 planning, including service planning, staffing plan, consumer/client care, and an action plan.?Behavioral Health Care - Pandemic Influenza Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP) Template (Word: 8 pages)?(PDF: 8 pages)?Service planning, staffing plan, consumer/client care, and action plan.?Responder resourcesManaging Stress in a Public Health EmergencyUnderstand common stress reactions to increase your ability to cope during a public health emergency.?Responder Self Care App(Unavailable, but expected back soon) U of MN School of Public Health mobile app for those deployed to emergency response events, to maintain their own physical, mental, and social wellbeing.Responder Self Care: Caring For Yourself in the Face of Difficult WorkTips to help responders recognize stress and care for themselves while working on a traumatic event.?Psychological First Aid for First RespondersSAMHSA tips for emergency and disaster response workers.?Non-MDH linkPsychological First Aid: Helping Victims in the Immediate Aftermath of Disaster (PDF: 2 pages)?Fact sheet describing the concept of "psychological first aid" and explains how to administer it.?Non-MDH linkAdult and family resourcesWhen Terrible Things HappenRecognizing common reactions faced by survivors, and suggesting helpful and less helpful responses.?Alcohol, Medication, And Drug Use After A DisasterHelping people understand and manage their use of alcohol, prescription medications, or other drugs after a disaster.?Helping Families Deal With the Stress of Relocation After a Disaster (PDF: 9 pages)ATSDR fact sheet to help family members of different ages deal with the stress of relocation.?Non-MDH linkSAMHSA Disaster Distress Helpline and Text to Talk lineChild and school resourcesHelping Children After the FloodChildren react differently to a flood and its aftermath depending on their age, developmental level, and prior experiences.National Child Traumatic Stress NetworkNCTSN provides education and technical assistance for parents, schools, the media and behavioral health professionals who work with traumatic stress in children.Disaster planningRemembering Hurricane Katrina/Rita (1 hour, 55 minutes)Hear from a panel of public health and health-care providers from Louisiana and Minnesota who responded to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Recorded September 28, 2015.Remembering Hurricane Katriana/Rita Web Conference Certificate (PDF)Certificate to show that you attended or watched the web conference.?HHS Disaster Behavioral Health Concept of Operations (PDF: 48 pages)Mental Health & Emergency Preparedness Strategies & Organizational Roles (PDF: 16 page)?Grid showing the role of each state agency during an emergency.?MN Behavioral Health Medical Reserve CorpStatewide group of volunteer behavioral health specialists.?Behavioral Health & Emergency Preparedness Fact Sheet (PDF: 1 page)?Fact sheet discusses possible behavioral health problems that may arise during an emergency event.American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress?The Academy works to advance interventions for survivors of trauma. They offer publications, discussion forums, and members-only resources.Psychological and Emotional Effects of the September 11 Attacks on the World Trade CenterCenters for Disease Control and Prevention,?Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.Suicide preventionSuicide Prevention ProgramBehavioral health resource links from Minnesota, national, international and educational sources.TeensDRAT! (Disaster Readiness Actions for Teens)Fact sheet about the youth emergency preparedness training program.?DRAT! (Powerpoint 41 slides)?(PDF: 3MB/41 pages)Powerpoint presentation of the DRAT! program.?Psychological First Aid - Teen Version (Powerpoint: 31 slides)(PDF: 30 pages)Powerpoint presentation of psychological first aid, targeted to teens.?DRAT! Kit Supply List (PDF: 1 page)List of supplies in the purple DRAT! backpack.?DRAT! Jeopardy Game (Powerpoint: 35 slides)Show the powerpoint to play the game. ................
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