E



E.Q What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction

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Asexual Reproduction

Organisms such as bacteria and other microorganisms reproduce asexually. These organisms are single-celled because they reproduce by dividing in two. Each new organism produced is identical to the parent cell.

Draw figure 1: Asexual Reproduction of a Bacterial Cell

In asexual reproduction, is it clear which cell is the parent cell? Why or why not?

It is not clear which cell is the parent and which is the offspring because each cell is identical.

The two identical offspring are both called clones of the single parent organism.

When a random change occurs in the original gene, this is called a mutation. This change can cause the offspring cell to have a different trait than its parent.

Sexual Reproduction

Most animals and plants reproduce sexually. These organisms inherit traits from two (both) parents. You are not a perfect copy of your parents.

Sexual reproduction occurs when a tiny sperm cell produced by a male unites with an egg cell produced by a female. The union of the egg and sperm is called fertilization.

This new individual will be different from each of its biological parents.

No two sperm or egg cells contain exactly the same information. No two offspring produced by the same parents are identical.

Explain how identical twins are developed.

Identical twins result when one fertilized egg splits before beginning to grow and develop—the two eggs then become two genetically identical offspring or children.

Explain how fraternal twins are developed.

Fraternal twins result when two eggs are both fertilized by sperm cells, and both develop into offspring. The result is two “non-identical” offspring.

Cloning is the artificial asexual reproduction of organisms. Explain this process here.

The part of the cell that contains the genes (the nucleus) is removed from one of the cells of the “donor” body. This nucleus is placed into an egg cell whose nucleus has already been removed. If this artificially fertilized egg develops in a womb, it grows into offspring that is genetically identical to the mother that its nucleus cam from.

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