Introduction - Welcome to D-Scholarship@Pitt
DENTAL CARIES IN EARLY CHILDHOOD: A GROWING PUBLIC HEALTH ISSUEbyDylan Elspeth Lyons CawleyB.S. Health Science, Lock Haven University of Pennsylvania, 2011Submitted to the Graduate Faculty ofHuman GeneticsGraduate School of Public Health in partial fulfillmentof the requirements for the degree ofMaster of Public HealthUniversity of Pittsburgh2013UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGHGRADUATE SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTHThis essay is submittedbyDylan Elspeth Lyons CawleyonApril 19, 2013Essay Advisor:Candace Kammerer, Ph.D. _________________________________Associate ProfessorDepartment of Human GeneticsGraduate School of Public HealthUniversity of PittsburghEssay Reader:Katherine Neiswanger, Ph.D. _________________________________Research Associate ProfessorDepartment of Oral BiologySchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of PittsburghCopyright ? by Dylan Elspeth Lyons Cawley2013Candace Kammerer, PhDDENTAL CARIES IN EARLY CHILDHOOD: A GROWING PUBLIC HEALTH ISSUEDylan Elspeth Lyons Cawley, MPHUniversity of Pittsburgh, 2013ABSTRACTThe percent of young children with dental caries in the United States has increased to levels that make it a major public health problem. Approximately a quarter of children between the ages of 2 and 5 years old have experienced dental caries in the United States, but these numbers vary greatly among groups, especially among those who are of a low socioeconomic status or in a minority. Dental pain as a result from dental caries has impacts on the child’s quality of life. They may have physical problems, e.g. failure to thrive or vitamin deficiencies, emotional problems, e.g. easily irritated, or social problems, e.g. missing school or day care. Dental caries can be caused by many environmental and biological factors working together, such as diet, oral health behaviors, microorganisms of the oral cavity, and genetic predisposition, and ongoing research is beginning to reveal the possible mechanisms underlying some of these relationships. Treatment can be costly and is not readily available in all areas. If caries are not prevented and treatment is not procured, the financial burden increases and the child’s long term health outcome worsens. Prevention techniques can be started in the home by practicing good oral health and avoiding sugary foods and beverages, especially before bed or during the night. Topical applications to improve the strength of the enamel, such as fluoride, reduce risk. Regular evaluations of oral health are important, but due to a lack of dental professionals that are trained to work with children, this is not always available. Some programs are training and incentivizing professionals to work with this population to increase coverage. With better accessibility to dental care and more research into the causes behind tooth decay in young children, the public health problem of early childhood caries can be alleviated.TABLE OF CONTENTS TOC \o "2-4" \h \z \t "Heading 1,1,Appendix,1,Heading,1" preface PAGEREF _Toc355557268 \h viii1.0Introduction PAGEREF _Toc355557269 \h 12.0BACKGROUND PAGEREF _Toc355557270 \h 32.1ENVIRONMENTAL Risk Factors PAGEREF _Toc355557271 \h 42.2BIOLOGICAL Risk Factors PAGEREF _Toc355557272 \h 73.0PUBLIC HEALTH ISSUES PAGEREF _Toc355557273 \h 113.1Dental Care DISPARITIES PAGEREF _Toc355557274 \h 113.2DOWNSTREAM Quality of life ISSUES PAGEREF _Toc355557275 \h 143.3INTERVENTIONS PAGEREF _Toc355557276 \h 154.0COHRA2: factors contributing to oral health disparities in appalachia PAGEREF _Toc355557277 \h 195.0CONCLUSION PAGEREF _Toc355557278 \h 23bibliography PAGEREF _Toc355557279 \h 26 List of figures TOC \h \z \c "Figure" Figure 1 Tooth Anatomy PAGEREF _Toc355557307 \h 4Figure 2 Percent of Children who had a Dental Exam in 2010 [6] PAGEREF _Toc355557308 \h 12Figure 3 Percent of Adults who had a Dental exam in 2010[6] PAGEREF _Toc355557309 \h 13prefaceI would like to thank Dr. Candace Kammerer for her patience and guidance during my academic career at the University of Pittsburgh. Also, I would like to thank the staff of COHRA2, especially Dr. Kathy Neiswanger, Jayme Zovko, Betty Onik, Louise Platt Schulhof, Anna Kamelin, and Zelda Dahl. Without your experience and dedication to the study, I would have missed the opportunity to watch and be part of a wonderful research team that works diligently towards a common goal. You have instilled in me a new standard to which every other study I may work on must strive to achieve. IntroductionOral health problems in children, especially dental caries, have become a topic of increasing public health concern in recent years. According to the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, dental caries is defined as “a plaque-induced acid demineralization of the enamel or dentin, mediated by saliva,” while early childhood caries (ECC) is defined as “the presence of 1 or more decayed, missing, or filled tooth surfaces in any primary tooth in a child 71 months of age or younger. ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Affairs</Author><Year>2003</Year><RecNum>17</RecNum><DisplayText>[1]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>17</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">17</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Web Page">12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Council of Cllinical Affairs</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Definition of Early Childhood Caries</title></titles><volume>3013</volume><number>March 19</number><dates><year>2003</year><pub-dates><date>2008</date></pub-dates></dates><publisher>American Academy of Pediatric Denistry</publisher><urls><related-urls><url>;[1]” The percent of children who have dental caries has increased from NHANES III to NHANES 1999-2004 ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Research</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>18</RecNum><DisplayText>[2]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>18</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">18</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Web Page">12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Dental Caries (Tooth Decay) in Children (Age 2 to 11)</title></titles><volume>2013</volume><number>March 19</number><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>March 25, 2011</date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location>Bethesda, MD</pub-location><publisher>National Institute of Health</publisher><urls><related-urls><url>;[2]. In children 2-5 years old, the increase was from 24.2% to 27.9% ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Kawashita</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>21</RecNum><DisplayText>[3]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>21</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">21</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kawashita, Y.</author><author>Kitamura, M.</author><author>Saito, T.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Oral Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.</auth-address><titles><title>Early childhood caries</title><secondary-title>Int J Dent</secondary-title><alt-title>International journal of dentistry</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Int J Dent</full-title><abbr-1>International journal of dentistry</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Int J Dent</full-title><abbr-1>International journal of dentistry</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>725320</pages><volume>2011</volume><dates><year>2011</year></dates><isbn>1687-8736 (Electronic)
1687-8728 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>22007218</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;[3]. Healthy People 2020 also reports that one-quarter of children ages 2-5 have experienced tooth decay ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>2020</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>19</RecNum><DisplayText>[4]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>19</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">19</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Web Page">12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Healthy People 2020</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Oral Health Across the Life Stages</title><secondary-title>Oral Health</secondary-title></titles><volume>2013</volume><number>March 19</number><dates><year>2013</year><pub-dates><date>February 22, 2013</date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location>Washington, DC</pub-location><publisher>U.S. Department of Health and Human Services</publisher><urls><related-urls><url>;[4]. While dental caries affects children across the board, it is more prevalent in those who are of lower socioeconomic status and minorities. Children are recommended to see the dentist for the first time within 6 months of their first tooth eruption or by age 1 ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Association</Author><Year>2005</Year><RecNum>28</RecNum><DisplayText>[5]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>28</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">28</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Web Page">12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>American Dental Association</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Tooth eruption The primary teeth</title></titles><volume>2013</volume><number>April 1</number><dates><year>2005</year></dates><publisher>JADA</publisher><urls><related-urls><url>;[5]. However, individuals in the 2-4 age group had the lowest percentage of dental visits of all age groups in 2010 at approximately 31% ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>2020</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>25</RecNum><DisplayText>[6]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>25</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">25</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Web Page">12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Healthy People 2020</author></authors><secondary-authors><author>U.S. Department of Health and Human Services</author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title>Leading Health Indicators Oral Health</title><secondary-title>Oral Health</secondary-title></titles><volume>2013</volume><number>March 9</number><dates><year>2013</year></dates><pub-location>Washington D.C.</pub-location><urls><related-urls><url>;[6].Other than lack of dental visits, risk factors for dental caries include the amount of fluoride in the water, diet, microbial biome in the mouth, caregiver’s attitude, and genetic predisposition PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5LYXdhc2hpdGE8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDExPC9ZZWFy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==
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5LYXdhc2hpdGE8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDExPC9ZZWFy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==
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [3, 7-11]Untreated dental caries has greater effects in children than in adults with similar lesions. Both suffer discomfort, but when children with dental caries have problems eating, they may in turn have difficulty gaining weight and maintaining adequate vitamin and mineral levels. This compromises their overall well-being and future development PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DbGFya2U8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA2PC9ZZWFyPjxS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==
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DbGFya2U8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA2PC9ZZWFyPjxS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==
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [3, 12-14]. Pain and discomfort may also lead to behavioral problems, social difficulties, and increased financial burden for their families PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DdW5uaW9uPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMDwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DdW5uaW9uPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMDwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [13]. Each of these issues has further implications later in life for the child, many of which could be averted by early prevention or timely treatment of dental caries PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5LYXdhc2hpdGE8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDExPC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5LYXdhc2hpdGE8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDExPC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [3, 15, 16].The purpose of this essay is to review the current knowledge of the causes and preventative measures for development of dental caries and how this knowledge formed the basis for the research questions of Center for Oral Health in Appalachia 2, COHRA2. COHRA2 is a major research initiative funded by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. It is run by the Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics in the School of Dental Medicine at the University of Pittsburgh. In addition to the review of tooth anatomy and the process of caries formation, biological and environmental risk factors for caries will be discussed. Current knowledge and results of research and interventions are incorporated into a theoretical development of an intervention for dental caries in children in severely affected areas of Appalachia. Lastly, I report some of my observations of COHRA2 in its beginning years and the lessons I learned from it as a student of public health.BACKGROUNDDental caries is a progressive disease that can be prevented and treated at many stages as the decay, or lesion, progresses through the differently layers of the tooth (see Figure 1). The tooth can decay due to the acidic conditions created by the breakdown of sugars by flora of the mouth, the enamel, the outermost tooth layer, begins to demineralize leading to a white spot ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Featherstone</Author><Year>2004</Year><RecNum>81</RecNum><DisplayText>[17]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>81</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">81</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Featherstone, J.D.B.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>The Continuum of Dental Caries- Evidence for a Dynamic Disease Process</title><secondary-title>Journal of Dental Research</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>J Dent Res</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of dental research</abbr-1></periodical><pages>C39-C42</pages><volume>83</volume><dates><year>2004</year></dates><isbn>0022-0345</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1177/154405910408301S08</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[17]. White spots can be active or inactive. Active white spots become inactive if more attention to hygiene is provided, reversing the process of demineralization. The addition of fluoride, calcium, and phosphate to the tooth environment (e.g. in saliva, as part of dental care products, etc) can help reverse the demineralization ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Featherstone</Author><Year>2004</Year><RecNum>81</RecNum><DisplayText>[17]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>81</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">81</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Featherstone, J.D.B.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>The Continuum of Dental Caries- Evidence for a Dynamic Disease Process</title><secondary-title>Journal of Dental Research</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>J Dent Res</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of dental research</abbr-1></periodical><pages>C39-C42</pages><volume>83</volume><dates><year>2004</year></dates><isbn>0022-0345</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1177/154405910408301S08</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[17]. If the white spot is left untreated, it can progress through different stages of decay. After white spots, enamel lesions are the next stage of decay. Again, if left untreated or unrestored, the enamel lesion can progress into the next layer of tooth and become a dentin lesion from the acidic conditions produced by the bacteria in the mouth. From dentin, the decay can move into the pulp. Root caries decay occurs in a similar fashion, the difference being that the demineralization exposes collagen fibrils which then lead to decay in the dentin, then root of the tooth ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Featherstone</Author><Year>2004</Year><RecNum>81</RecNum><DisplayText>[17]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>81</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">81</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Featherstone, J.D.B.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>The Continuum of Dental Caries- Evidence for a Dynamic Disease Process</title><secondary-title>Journal of Dental Research</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>J Dent Res</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of dental research</abbr-1></periodical><pages>C39-C42</pages><volume>83</volume><dates><year>2004</year></dates><isbn>0022-0345</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1177/154405910408301S08</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[17]. Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 1 Tooth AnatomyDental caries in the primary teeth of young children develops in a different pattern than in permanent teeth. The teeth most at risk are those that erupt early, but are not shielded by the tongue and saliva, i.e. maxillary incisors and first molars. This type of dental caries has been called by numerous names such as “bottle caries,” “nursing caries,” and “night bottle mouth.” More recently it has been described by the term “early childhood caries.” Environmental and biological risk factors for developing early childhood caries (ECC) are discussed in more detail below ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Kawashita</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>21</RecNum><DisplayText>[3]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>21</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">21</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kawashita, Y.</author><author>Kitamura, M.</author><author>Saito, T.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Oral Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.</auth-address><titles><title>Early childhood caries</title><secondary-title>Int J Dent</secondary-title><alt-title>International journal of dentistry</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Int J Dent</full-title><abbr-1>International journal of dentistry</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Int J Dent</full-title><abbr-1>International journal of dentistry</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>725320</pages><volume>2011</volume><dates><year>2011</year></dates><isbn>1687-8736 (Electronic)
1687-8728 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>22007218</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;[3]ENVIRONMENTAL Risk FactorsThe recognition of dental benefits and problems of fluoride dates back to 1909 in Colorado Springs, Colorado. The people who had lived there for most of their lives had a brown staining on their teeth that we now call fluorosis. It results from an excess of fluoride exposure while the teeth are developing. A few decades later, researchers found that water fortified with fluoride at levels of 0.7-1.2 parts per million was protective against tooth decay ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Prevention</Author><Year>2012</Year><RecNum>82</RecNum><DisplayText>[18]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>82</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">82</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Web Page">12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Community Water Fluoridation</title></titles><volume>2013</volume><number>April 28</number><dates><year>2012</year></dates><publisher>Department of Health and Human Services</publisher><urls><related-urls><url>fluoridation/index.htm</url></related-urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[18]. Since the second half of the twentieth century, 73.9% of public water supplies in the United States have been supplemented to contain fluoride in order to help protect against dental caries. ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Research</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>16</RecNum><DisplayText>[10, 18]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">16</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Web Page">12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>The Story of Fluoridation</title></titles><volume>2013</volume><number>Marc 31</number><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>March 25</date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location>Bethesda, MD</pub-location><publisher>National Institute of Health</publisher><urls><related-urls><url> app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">82</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Web Page">12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Community Water Fluoridation</title></titles><volume>2013</volume><number>April 28</number><dates><year>2012</year></dates><publisher>Department of Health and Human Services</publisher><urls><related-urls><url>fluoridation/index.htm</url></related-urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[10, 18]. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recognizes the fluoridation of water sources as one of the ten greatest public health achievements of the twentieth century. It is estimated that fluoridated water reduces an individual’s dental caries risk by about 25% over their lifetime. It is extremely cost-efficient, since $1 spent on prevention saves about $38 in treatment due to decay. For cities or towns with populations greater than 20,000, the cost of fluoridating water is about $0.50 per person. Healthy People, a program through the Health and Human Services that measures various health indicators and sets goals for improvement every decade, estimates that 73.9% of the U.S. population is currently served by fluoridated water and its goal for 2020 is to increase that number to 79.6% ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Prevention</Author><Year>2012</Year><RecNum>82</RecNum><DisplayText>[18]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>82</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">82</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Web Page">12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Community Water Fluoridation</title></titles><volume>2013</volume><number>April 28</number><dates><year>2012</year></dates><publisher>Department of Health and Human Services</publisher><urls><related-urls><url>fluoridation/index.htm</url></related-urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[18]. Although fluoridation is increasing, there is also a growing resistance to the supplementation. Starting in the 1990s, questions arose about the association of cancer and the addition of fluoride. The Public Health Service and the National Academy of Sciences subsequently conducted numerous studies in response to these concerns. They have not found any association between fluoridated water and cancers ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Institute</Author><RecNum>83</RecNum><DisplayText>[19]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>83</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">83</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Web Page">12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>National Cancer Institute</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>National Cancer Institute Fact Sheet</title><short-title>Fluoridated Water</short-title></titles><volume>2013</volume><number>April 28</number><dates></dates><publisher>National Institutes of Health</publisher><urls><related-urls><url>cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/fluoridated-water</url></related-urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[19].Other fluoride treatments, such as toothpastes and fluoride varnishes, have also been adopted as preventative measures against dental caries PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5SZXNlYXJjaDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTE8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5SZXNlYXJjaDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTE8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [3, 10, 18]. Fluoridated toothpastes are available over the counter and have a concentration of 1000-1500ppm. Fluoride mouth rinses, supplements, gels, foams, and varnishes must be prescribed by a dentist or other health care professional; they contain concentrations varying from 230ppm to 1 mg of fluoride. These treatments all provide protection from decay, but combining them with fluoridated water is better. Fluoridated water is the only treatment that is effective for all ages ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Prevention</Author><Year>2012</Year><RecNum>82</RecNum><DisplayText>[18]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>82</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">82</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Web Page">12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Community Water Fluoridation</title></titles><volume>2013</volume><number>April 28</number><dates><year>2012</year></dates><publisher>Department of Health and Human Services</publisher><urls><related-urls><url>fluoridation/index.htm</url></related-urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[18].Diet also plays a major role in the development of Early Childhood Caries (ECC). Not only the type of food, but when and how food and beverages are consumed play a role in tooth decay PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5QYWxtZXI8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDEwPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5QYWxtZXI8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDEwPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [11]. Sugary beverages are quickly broken down into acids that can demineralize the enamel and dentin of the tooth. If these beverages are consumed close to bedtime or during the night, the sugars have more time to be broken down by the bacteria in the mouth rather than be digested, because salivary production slows down during sleep. This is also true of milk consumed at night. There does not appear to be a significant difference between animal (e.g. cow), plant, or breast milk and their relation to dental caries. In a US study, children with more severe ECC were shown to consume more juice between meals and eat more frequently, but the results did not find this to be a major risk factor. Night-time snacking has a greater risk than day-time snacking for the development of caries PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5QYWxtZXI8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDEwPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5QYWxtZXI8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDEwPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [11]. Some researchers are investigating whether the length of breastfeeding plays a role in ECC or if other confounders such as time of feeding or socioeconomic status are a more significant risk factor ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Kawashita</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>21</RecNum><DisplayText>[3]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>21</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">21</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kawashita, Y.</author><author>Kitamura, M.</author><author>Saito, T.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Oral Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.</auth-address><titles><title>Early childhood caries</title><secondary-title>Int J Dent</secondary-title><alt-title>International journal of dentistry</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Int J Dent</full-title><abbr-1>International journal of dentistry</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Int J Dent</full-title><abbr-1>International journal of dentistry</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>725320</pages><volume>2011</volume><dates><year>2011</year></dates><isbn>1687-8736 (Electronic)
1687-8728 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>22007218</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;[3]. Family beliefs may also affect development of ECC. Teeth erupt before children are old enough to care for them, so it is important for caregivers to take responsibility for early oral hygiene. This sets an example for children to follow as they grow older and begin to care for themselves. If caregivers believe that it is important to monitor and keep the child’s teeth clean from eruption, then the child is three times more likely to brush twice a day and have better oral health ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Kawashita</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>21</RecNum><DisplayText>[3]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>21</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">21</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kawashita, Y.</author><author>Kitamura, M.</author><author>Saito, T.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Oral Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.</auth-address><titles><title>Early childhood caries</title><secondary-title>Int J Dent</secondary-title><alt-title>International journal of dentistry</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Int J Dent</full-title><abbr-1>International journal of dentistry</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Int J Dent</full-title><abbr-1>International journal of dentistry</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>725320</pages><volume>2011</volume><dates><year>2011</year></dates><isbn>1687-8736 (Electronic)
1687-8728 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>22007218</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;[3]. BIOLOGICAL Risk FactorsCurrently, the microbial biome of the mouth is thought to be the most important player in ECC. The timing and relative colonization of the mouth with bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, and Lactobacilli affects tooth decay outcome. S. mutans and S. sobrinus are associated with the development of new lesions PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5QYWxtZXI8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDEwPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5QYWxtZXI8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDEwPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [11]. S. mutans colonization is found earlier in children born via Caesarean section than those born vaginally. The time between colonization and caries development is thought to be approximately 13-16 months, so infants born vaginally may develop caries later than those born via Caesarean section if the transmission occurs later. Transmission of bacteria is thought to occur more often vertically, that is, from caregiver to infant, than horizontally, that is, between peers. Lactobacilli are not known to cause new lesions; rather they play a role in the progression of the tooth decay. Children are considered more high-risk to develop caries sooner from colonization if they were preterm or low-birth weight and have poor mineralization of their teeth ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Kawashita</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>21</RecNum><DisplayText>[3]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>21</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">21</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kawashita, Y.</author><author>Kitamura, M.</author><author>Saito, T.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Oral Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.</auth-address><titles><title>Early childhood caries</title><secondary-title>Int J Dent</secondary-title><alt-title>International journal of dentistry</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Int J Dent</full-title><abbr-1>International journal of dentistry</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Int J Dent</full-title><abbr-1>International journal of dentistry</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>725320</pages><volume>2011</volume><dates><year>2011</year></dates><isbn>1687-8736 (Electronic)
1687-8728 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>22007218</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;[3]. Saliva is an important protective component in the process of caries development and progression. Saliva helps remineralize teeth by providing some of the calcium and phosphates that are necessary. It also can kill bacteria that are involved in the formation and progression of caries by providing an inhospitable environment though neutralization of the pH. Individuals with a more neutral saliva pH have a higher buffering capacity to the acidity produced by the breakdown of the sugars that are utilized by the bacteria involved in caries formation and progression ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Featherstone</Author><Year>2004</Year><RecNum>81</RecNum><DisplayText>[17]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>81</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">81</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Featherstone, J.D.B.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>The Continuum of Dental Caries- Evidence for a Dynamic Disease Process</title><secondary-title>Journal of Dental Research</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>J Dent Res</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of dental research</abbr-1></periodical><pages>C39-C42</pages><volume>83</volume><dates><year>2004</year></dates><isbn>0022-0345</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1177/154405910408301S08</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[17]. Saliva can also prevent some food particles from sticking to the tooth surface by dislodging them and allowing them to be digested. PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5XYW5nPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMjwvWWVhcj48UmVj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==
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5XYW5nPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMjwvWWVhcj48UmVj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==
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [8]Researchers have begun to assess the genetic factors that influence susceptibility to ECC. The Iowa Fluoride Study is a family study comprising of 575 children and their parents that investigated how the environment and genetic factors affect oral health PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5XYW5nPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMjwvWWVhcj48UmVj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==
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5XYW5nPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMjwvWWVhcj48UmVj
TnVtPjIyPC9SZWNOdW0+PERpc3BsYXlUZXh0Pls4XTwvRGlzcGxheVRleHQ+PHJlY29yZD48cmVj
LW51bWJlcj4yMjwvcmVjLW51bWJlcj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9
ImY1ZnJydDB4aHN4OTA2ZXg1dDdwMHYwN3M1OTJkOXMwenA5ZCI+MjI8L2tleT48L2ZvcmVpZ24t
a2V5cz48cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFtZT0iSm91cm5hbCBBcnRpY2xlIj4xNzwvcmVmLXR5cGU+PGNvbnRy
aWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPldhbmcsIFguPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5XaWxsaW5n
LCBNLiBDLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+TWFyYXppdGEsIE0uIEwuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5X
ZW5kZWxsLCBTLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+V2FycmVuLCBKLiBKLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+
QnJvZmZpdHQsIEIuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5TbWl0aCwgQi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkJ1
c2NoLCBULjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+TGlkcmFsLCBBLiBDLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+TGV2
eSwgUy4gTS48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz5D
ZW50ZXIgZm9yIENyYW5pb2ZhY2lhbCBhbmQgRGVudGFsIEdlbmV0aWNzLCBVbml2ZXJzaXR5IG9m
IFBpdHRzYnVyZ2ggU3VpdGUgNTAwIEJyaWRnZXNpZGUgUG9pbnQsIDEwMCBUZWNobm9sb2d5IERy
aXZlIFBpdHRzYnVyZ2gsIFBBIDE1MjE5LCBVU0EuIHhpdzIzIEAgcGl0dC5lZHU8L2F1dGgtYWRk
cmVzcz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5HZW5ldGljIGFuZCBlbnZpcm9ubWVudGFsIGZhY3RvcnMgYXNz
b2NpYXRlZCB3aXRoIGRlbnRhbCBjYXJpZXMgaW4gY2hpbGRyZW46IHRoZSBJb3dhIEZsdW9yaWRl
IFN0dWR5PC90aXRsZT48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPkNhcmllcyBSZXM8L3NlY29uZGFyeS10aXRs
ZT48YWx0LXRpdGxlPkNhcmllcyByZXNlYXJjaDwvYWx0LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxwZXJpb2Rp
Y2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkNhcmllcyBSZXM8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5DYXJpZXMgcmVz
ZWFyY2g8L2FiYnItMT48L3BlcmlvZGljYWw+PGFsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkNh
cmllcyBSZXM8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5DYXJpZXMgcmVzZWFyY2g8L2FiYnItMT48L2Fs
dC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxwYWdlcz4xNzctODQ8L3BhZ2VzPjx2b2x1bWU+NDY8L3ZvbHVtZT48bnVt
YmVyPjM8L251bWJlcj48a2V5d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWdlIEZhY3RvcnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+QXF1YXBvcmluIDUvKmdlbmV0aWNzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNoaWxkPC9rZXl3
b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNoaWxkLCBQcmVzY2hvb2w8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RE1GIEluZGV4
PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkRlbnRhbCBDYXJpZXMvZXRpb2xvZ3kvKmdlbmV0aWNzPC9rZXl3
b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkRlbnRhbCBDYXJpZXMgU3VzY2VwdGliaWxpdHkvKmdlbmV0aWNzPC9rZXl3
b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkV0aG5pYyBHcm91cHM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RXh0cmFjZWxsdWxh
ciBNYXRyaXggUHJvdGVpbnMvKmdlbmV0aWNzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkZlbWFsZTwva2V5
d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5GbHVvcmlkZXMvYW5hbHlzaXM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+R2VuZS1F
bnZpcm9ubWVudCBJbnRlcmFjdGlvbjwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5HZW5ldGljIEFzc29jaWF0
aW9uIFN0dWRpZXM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+SHVtYW5zPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPklv
d2E8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+S2FsbGlrcmVpbnMvKmdlbmV0aWNzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3
b3JkPk1hbGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UGhvc3Bob3Byb3RlaW5zLypnZW5ldGljczwva2V5
d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Qb2x5bW9ycGhpc20sIFNpbmdsZSBOdWNsZW90aWRlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxr
ZXl3b3JkPlF1ZXN0aW9ubmFpcmVzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlJlZ3Jlc3Npb24gQW5hbHlz
aXM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U2V4IEZhY3RvcnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U2lhbG9n
bHljb3Byb3RlaW5zLypnZW5ldGljczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Ub290aCwgRGVjaWR1b3Vz
LypwYXRob2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+VG9vdGhicnVzaGluZy91dGlsaXphdGlvbjwv
a2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5XYXRlciBTdXBwbHk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PC9rZXl3b3Jkcz48ZGF0ZXM+
PHllYXI+MjAxMjwveWVhcj48L2RhdGVzPjxpc2JuPjE0MjEtOTc2WCAoRWxlY3Ryb25pYykmI3hE
OzAwMDgtNjU2OCAoTGlua2luZyk8L2lzYm4+PGFjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+MjI1MDg0OTM8L2FjY2Vz
c2lvbi1udW0+PHVybHM+PHJlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48dXJsPmh0dHA6Ly93d3cubmNiaS5ubG0ubmlo
Lmdvdi9wdWJtZWQvMjI1MDg0OTM8L3VybD48L3JlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48L3VybHM+PGN1c3RvbTI+
MzU4MDE1MjwvY3VzdG9tMj48ZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+MTAuMTE1OS8wMDAzMzcy
ODI8L2VsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0ZT48L0VuZE5vdGU+AG==
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [8]. Investigators in this study estimated that the heritability of ECC in twins was 0.64-0.85 in children. In larger families, the heritability of ECC was greater than 0.50. Heritability is the proportion of total variation in the population that can be attributed to genetic variation by measuring genetic and non-genetic factors, e.g. environment. Twins are often used to calculate heritability because monozygotic twins (MZ) have identical genotypes, whereas dizygotic twins (DZ) share half of their genotypes (on average). Twin studies compare the similarities between MZ and DZ twins to estimate heritability. Analyses of data on larger families allows for more variation in environment and genetics. The estimated heritability of ECC using data on larger families is more conservative than that obtained using twin data, but they both imply a large role for genetic factors in ECC PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5XYW5nPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMjwvWWVhcj48UmVj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==
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5XYW5nPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMjwvWWVhcj48UmVj
TnVtPjIyPC9SZWNOdW0+PERpc3BsYXlUZXh0Pls4XTwvRGlzcGxheVRleHQ+PHJlY29yZD48cmVj
LW51bWJlcj4yMjwvcmVjLW51bWJlcj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9
ImY1ZnJydDB4aHN4OTA2ZXg1dDdwMHYwN3M1OTJkOXMwenA5ZCI+MjI8L2tleT48L2ZvcmVpZ24t
a2V5cz48cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFtZT0iSm91cm5hbCBBcnRpY2xlIj4xNzwvcmVmLXR5cGU+PGNvbnRy
aWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPldhbmcsIFguPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5XaWxsaW5n
LCBNLiBDLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+TWFyYXppdGEsIE0uIEwuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5X
ZW5kZWxsLCBTLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+V2FycmVuLCBKLiBKLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+
QnJvZmZpdHQsIEIuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5TbWl0aCwgQi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkJ1
c2NoLCBULjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+TGlkcmFsLCBBLiBDLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+TGV2
eSwgUy4gTS48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz5D
ZW50ZXIgZm9yIENyYW5pb2ZhY2lhbCBhbmQgRGVudGFsIEdlbmV0aWNzLCBVbml2ZXJzaXR5IG9m
IFBpdHRzYnVyZ2ggU3VpdGUgNTAwIEJyaWRnZXNpZGUgUG9pbnQsIDEwMCBUZWNobm9sb2d5IERy
aXZlIFBpdHRzYnVyZ2gsIFBBIDE1MjE5LCBVU0EuIHhpdzIzIEAgcGl0dC5lZHU8L2F1dGgtYWRk
cmVzcz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5HZW5ldGljIGFuZCBlbnZpcm9ubWVudGFsIGZhY3RvcnMgYXNz
b2NpYXRlZCB3aXRoIGRlbnRhbCBjYXJpZXMgaW4gY2hpbGRyZW46IHRoZSBJb3dhIEZsdW9yaWRl
IFN0dWR5PC90aXRsZT48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPkNhcmllcyBSZXM8L3NlY29uZGFyeS10aXRs
ZT48YWx0LXRpdGxlPkNhcmllcyByZXNlYXJjaDwvYWx0LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxwZXJpb2Rp
Y2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkNhcmllcyBSZXM8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5DYXJpZXMgcmVz
ZWFyY2g8L2FiYnItMT48L3BlcmlvZGljYWw+PGFsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkNh
cmllcyBSZXM8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5DYXJpZXMgcmVzZWFyY2g8L2FiYnItMT48L2Fs
dC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxwYWdlcz4xNzctODQ8L3BhZ2VzPjx2b2x1bWU+NDY8L3ZvbHVtZT48bnVt
YmVyPjM8L251bWJlcj48a2V5d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWdlIEZhY3RvcnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+QXF1YXBvcmluIDUvKmdlbmV0aWNzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNoaWxkPC9rZXl3
b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNoaWxkLCBQcmVzY2hvb2w8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RE1GIEluZGV4
PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkRlbnRhbCBDYXJpZXMvZXRpb2xvZ3kvKmdlbmV0aWNzPC9rZXl3
b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkRlbnRhbCBDYXJpZXMgU3VzY2VwdGliaWxpdHkvKmdlbmV0aWNzPC9rZXl3
b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkV0aG5pYyBHcm91cHM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RXh0cmFjZWxsdWxh
ciBNYXRyaXggUHJvdGVpbnMvKmdlbmV0aWNzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkZlbWFsZTwva2V5
d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5GbHVvcmlkZXMvYW5hbHlzaXM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+R2VuZS1F
bnZpcm9ubWVudCBJbnRlcmFjdGlvbjwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5HZW5ldGljIEFzc29jaWF0
aW9uIFN0dWRpZXM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+SHVtYW5zPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPklv
d2E8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+S2FsbGlrcmVpbnMvKmdlbmV0aWNzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3
b3JkPk1hbGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UGhvc3Bob3Byb3RlaW5zLypnZW5ldGljczwva2V5
d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Qb2x5bW9ycGhpc20sIFNpbmdsZSBOdWNsZW90aWRlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxr
ZXl3b3JkPlF1ZXN0aW9ubmFpcmVzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlJlZ3Jlc3Npb24gQW5hbHlz
aXM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U2V4IEZhY3RvcnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U2lhbG9n
bHljb3Byb3RlaW5zLypnZW5ldGljczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Ub290aCwgRGVjaWR1b3Vz
LypwYXRob2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+VG9vdGhicnVzaGluZy91dGlsaXphdGlvbjwv
a2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5XYXRlciBTdXBwbHk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PC9rZXl3b3Jkcz48ZGF0ZXM+
PHllYXI+MjAxMjwveWVhcj48L2RhdGVzPjxpc2JuPjE0MjEtOTc2WCAoRWxlY3Ryb25pYykmI3hE
OzAwMDgtNjU2OCAoTGlua2luZyk8L2lzYm4+PGFjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+MjI1MDg0OTM8L2FjY2Vz
c2lvbi1udW0+PHVybHM+PHJlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48dXJsPmh0dHA6Ly93d3cubmNiaS5ubG0ubmlo
Lmdvdi9wdWJtZWQvMjI1MDg0OTM8L3VybD48L3JlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48L3VybHM+PGN1c3RvbTI+
MzU4MDE1MjwvY3VzdG9tMj48ZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+MTAuMTE1OS8wMDAzMzcy
ODI8L2VsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0ZT48L0VuZE5vdGU+AG==
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [8]. The investigators in the Iowa Fluoride Study also assessed whether candidate genes, i.e., genes that are suspected to affect expression of a trait, influenced the susceptibility of caries by interacting with the microbial biome of the mouth or if they influenced enamel thickness and increased fluoride concentration. The study population consisted of 333 Caucasian parent-offspring trios. Researchers studied 23 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 7 candidate genes to see if they could determine the extent to which genetics plays a role in susceptibility to development of dental caries. SNPs are common variations within the population in which a nucleotide, a basic part of DNA, may be different e.g. one person may have a thymine at a specific location on the DNA, while another may have a cytosine. Groups of SNPs can be referred to as haplotypes, if they are present on one chromosome, or diplotypes, if they represent both chromosomes. The SNPs chosen for this study were from different haplotype blocks and based on the information known from the HapMap Project. Functional and non-synonymous polymorphisms were preferred. Kallikrein-related peptidase 4, KLK4, is associated with enamel remineralization. KLK4 had a protective haplotype, GC, and a risk haplotype, GG, for SNPs rs2235091 and rs198969. Aquaporin 5, AQP5, is present in salivary and lacrimal glands and produces saliva and pulmonary secretions. It had protective haplotypes of CA and CG for SNPs rs923911 and rs1996315. Mutations in the dentin sialophosphoprotein gene, DSPP, were associated with soft dentin which increases the risk of caries. SNP rs2615487 for DSPP, had association signals that were significant for dental caries. Genetic variations in KLK4, AQP5, and DSPP were all significant at p≤0.05 for association with caries. Genetics variants in MMP20 and TUFT1 were not significant at a p-value of p<0.05, but the investigators believed they were suggestive. This lack of significance may have been due to the small sample size PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5XYW5nPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMjwvWWVhcj48UmVj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==
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5XYW5nPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMjwvWWVhcj48UmVj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==
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [8]. In Brazil, researchers have investigated whether genes that encode for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) are associated with the development of caries PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5UYW5udXJlPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMjwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5UYW5udXJlPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMjwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [8, 9]. MMPs help regulate the extracellular matrix (ECM) and are involved in the organic matrix of enamel and dentin PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5UYW5udXJlPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMjwvWWVhcj48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==
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5UYW5udXJlPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMjwvWWVhcj48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==
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [9]. Two proteinases that researchers investigated were MMP2 and MMP9, which degrade denatured collagen and type IV collagen. MMP2 cuts structural proteins of the enamel matrix that affects tooth development. MMP9 is in saliva and is thought to play a role in dentin caries. MMP13 was also investigated, because it is involved in bone development and repair, functioning to degrade ECM components. TIMP2 inhibits MMP13 and works with MMP2 and MMP9 in mouse models PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5UYW5udXJlPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMjwvWWVhcj48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==
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5UYW5udXJlPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMjwvWWVhcj48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==
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [9]. The results of this study indicated that variants in MMP13 were significantly associated with caries experience (p= 0.025). The MMP13 genotype GG (at SNP rs252070) was protective (OR=0.538, 95% CI 0.313-0.926). Genotypes for TIMP2 were significantly associated with caries experience after adjusting for dentition and diet (p=0.048 OR1.532 95% CI 1.004-2.339)PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5UYW5udXJlPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMjwvWWVhcj48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==
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5UYW5udXJlPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMjwvWWVhcj48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==
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [9]. Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have uncovered some other possible chromosomal regions of interest PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TaGFmZmVyPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMTwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TaGFmZmVyPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMTwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [20]. Although no results were significant on a genome-wide level (p<5x10-8), there were suggestive signals on chromosomes 1, 11 and 17 PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TaGFmZmVyPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMTwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TaGFmZmVyPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMTwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [20]. These variants were in or near genes related to taste, enamel formation, craniofacial abnormalities, and salivary enzymes. Candidate genes on chromosome 1 included ACTN2, MTR, and EDARAD. Actinin alpha 2, ACTN2, is thought to be involved in the organization of ameloblasts during enamel formation. Methionine synthase, MTR, has not previously been associated with dental caries, but has been suggested to be associated with cleft lip and palate. Ectodysplasin-A receptor-associated adapter protein, EDARADD mutations are related to a Mendelian syndrome, hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, that is characterized by abnormal development of hair, nails, sweat glands, teeth, and skin PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5NZWRpY2luZTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTM8L1llYXI+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=
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5NZWRpY2luZTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTM8L1llYXI+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=
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [20, 21]. The gene on chromosome 11, MMPPED2, may be associated with the reaction to bacterial colonization. Chromosome 17 had a gene, LPO that is essential in a salivary enzyme that inhibits plaque formation and gingivitis PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TaGFmZmVyPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMTwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TaGFmZmVyPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMTwvWWVhcj48
UmVjTnVtPjM3PC9SZWNOdW0+PERpc3BsYXlUZXh0PlsyMF08L0Rpc3BsYXlUZXh0PjxyZWNvcmQ+
PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+Mzc8L3JlYy1udW1iZXI+PGZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48a2V5IGFwcD0iRU4iIGRi
LWlkPSJmNWZycnQweGhzeDkwNmV4NXQ3cDB2MDdzNTkyZDlzMHpwOWQiPjM3PC9rZXk+PC9mb3Jl
aWduLWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxj
b250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5TaGFmZmVyLCBKLiBSLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRo
b3I+V2FuZywgWC48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkZlaW5nb2xkLCBFLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+
TGVlLCBNLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+QmVndW0sIEYuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5XZWVrcywg
RC4gRS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkN1ZW5jbywgSy4gVC48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkJhcm1h
ZGEsIE0uIE0uPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5XZW5kZWxsLCBTLiBLLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+
Q3Jvc3NsaW4sIEQuIFIuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5MYXVyaWUsIEMuIEMuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1
dGhvcj5Eb2hlbnksIEsuIEYuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5QdWdoLCBFLiBXLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxh
dXRob3I+WmhhbmcsIFEuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5GZWVuc3RyYSwgQi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0
aG9yPkdlbGxlciwgRi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkJveWQsIEguIEEuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhv
cj5aaGFuZywgSC48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPk1lbGJ5ZSwgTS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPk11
cnJheSwgSi4gQy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPldleWFudCwgUi4gSi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9y
PkNyb3V0LCBSLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+TWNOZWlsLCBELiBXLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+
TGV2eSwgUy4gTS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlNsYXl0b24sIFIuIEwuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhv
cj5XaWxsaW5nLCBNLiBDLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+QnJvZmZpdHQsIEIuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1
dGhvcj5WaWVpcmEsIEEuIFIuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5NYXJheml0YSwgTS4gTC48L2F1dGhv
cj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz5EZXBhcnRtZW50IG9mIEh1
bWFuIEdlbmV0aWNzLCBHcmFkdWF0ZSBTY2hvb2wgb2YgUHVibGljIEhlYWx0aCwgVW5pdmVyc2l0
eSBvZiBQaXR0c2J1cmdoLCBQaXR0c2J1cmdoLCBQQSwgVVNBLjwvYXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPjx0aXRs
ZXM+PHRpdGxlPkdlbm9tZS13aWRlIGFzc29jaWF0aW9uIHNjYW4gZm9yIGNoaWxkaG9vZCBjYXJp
ZXMgaW1wbGljYXRlcyBub3ZlbCBnZW5lczwvdGl0bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT5KIERlbnQg
UmVzPC9zZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+PGFsdC10aXRsZT5Kb3VybmFsIG9mIGRlbnRhbCByZXNlYXJj
aDwvYWx0LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxwZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkogRGVudCBSZXM8
L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5Kb3VybmFsIG9mIGRlbnRhbCByZXNlYXJjaDwvYWJici0xPjwv
cGVyaW9kaWNhbD48YWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+SiBEZW50IFJlczwvZnVsbC10
aXRsZT48YWJici0xPkpvdXJuYWwgb2YgZGVudGFsIHJlc2VhcmNoPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9hbHQtcGVy
aW9kaWNhbD48cGFnZXM+MTQ1Ny02MjwvcGFnZXM+PHZvbHVtZT45MDwvdm9sdW1lPjxudW1iZXI+
MTI8L251bWJlcj48a2V5d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+Q2hpbGQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Q2hp
bGQsIFByZXNjaG9vbDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5DaHJvbW9zb21lcywgSHVtYW4sIFBhaXIg
MTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5DaHJvbW9zb21lcywgSHVtYW4sIFBhaXIgMTE8L2tleXdvcmQ+
PGtleXdvcmQ+Q2hyb21vc29tZXMsIEh1bWFuLCBQYWlyIDE3PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkRl
bnRhbCBDYXJpZXMvKmdlbmV0aWNzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkdlbmV0aWMgTG9jaTwva2V5
d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD4qR2VuZXRpYyBQcmVkaXNwb3NpdGlvbiB0byBEaXNlYXNlPC9rZXl3b3Jk
PjxrZXl3b3JkPipHZW5vbWUtV2lkZSBBc3NvY2lhdGlvbiBTdHVkeTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29y
ZD5IYXBNYXAgUHJvamVjdDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdv
cmQ+UG9seW1vcnBoaXNtLCBTaW5nbGUgTnVjbGVvdGlkZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Vbml0
ZWQgU3RhdGVzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjwva2V5d29yZHM+PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjIwMTE8L3llYXI+PHB1
Yi1kYXRlcz48ZGF0ZT5EZWM8L2RhdGU+PC9wdWItZGF0ZXM+PC9kYXRlcz48aXNibj4xNTQ0LTA1
OTEgKEVsZWN0cm9uaWMpJiN4RDswMDIyLTAzNDUgKExpbmtpbmcpPC9pc2JuPjxhY2Nlc3Npb24t
bnVtPjIxOTQwNTIyPC9hY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjx1cmxzPjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PHVybD5odHRw
Oi8vd3d3Lm5jYmkubmxtLm5paC5nb3YvcHVibWVkLzIxOTQwNTIyPC91cmw+PC9yZWxhdGVkLXVy
bHM+PC91cmxzPjxjdXN0b20yPjMyMTU3NTc8L2N1c3RvbTI+PGVsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2Ut
bnVtPjEwLjExNzcvMDAyMjAzNDUxMTQyMjkxMDwvZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+PC9y
ZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRlPjwvRW5kTm90ZT5=
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [20]. These results indicate that ECC is highly heritable and that investigators are beginning to identify genes and genetic variants that influence susceptibility to dental caries.PUBLIC HEALTH ISSUESECC is a major public health issue because it has a high prevalence that varies among populations and affects a child’s quality of life. Furthermore, it has downstream consequences for a child’s emotional, social, and physical well-being. Access to treatment is another factor in the growing problem of ECC. The ratio for dental care in children is approximately 1 pediatric dentist to over 5000 children under 5 years old ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Vargas</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>15</RecNum><DisplayText>[7]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>15</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">15</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Vargas, C. M.</author><author>Ronzio, C. R.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Health Promotion and Policy, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. cvargas@umaryland.edu</auth-address><titles><title>Disparities in early childhood caries</title><secondary-title>BMC Oral Health</secondary-title><alt-title>BMC oral health</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>BMC Oral Health</full-title><abbr-1>BMC oral health</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>BMC Oral Health</full-title><abbr-1>BMC oral health</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>S3</pages><volume>6 Suppl 1</volume><dates><year>2006</year></dates><isbn>1472-6831 (Electronic)
1472-6831 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>16934120</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;[7]. Without timely treatment, oral health deteriorates and the burden to the children and families worsens. These factors are discussed in more detail below. Thus interventions to improve access to care are outlined. This section will detail all of the above.Dental Care DISPARITIESThe current recommendation by the American Dental Association is that children first visit the dentist within the first 6 months after the eruption of their first tooth and no later than their first birthday ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Association</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>26</RecNum><DisplayText>[22]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>26</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">26</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Web Page">12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>American Dental Association</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Pediatric Journal Highlights Need for Translational Research, Medical-Dental Collaboration to Improve Children's Oral Health</title></titles><volume>2013</volume><number>April 1</number><dates><year>2009</year></dates><urls><related-urls><url>;[22]. Primary teeth begin to erupt around 6 months of age and children have all of their primary teeth by age 3 ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Association</Author><Year>2005</Year><RecNum>28</RecNum><DisplayText>[5]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>28</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">28</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Web Page">12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>American Dental Association</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Tooth eruption The primary teeth</title></titles><volume>2013</volume><number>April 1</number><dates><year>2005</year></dates><publisher>JADA</publisher><urls><related-urls><url>;[5]. As shown in Figures 2 and 3, rates in obtaining dental health care in 2010 in the U.S. vary among age groups ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Research</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>18</RecNum><DisplayText>[2]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>18</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">18</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Web Page">12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Dental Caries (Tooth Decay) in Children (Age 2 to 11)</title></titles><volume>2013</volume><number>March 19</number><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>March 25, 2011</date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location>Bethesda, MD</pub-location><publisher>National Institute of Health</publisher><urls><related-urls><url>;[2]. Approximately 31%, of children in the 2-4 year old category saw the dentist, whereas children in the 5-11 year old category had the highest frequency of visits (approximately 56%). The 12-17 year old age group is the second highest overall; approximately 53% of them visited the dentist in 2010. In adults, the 18-44 year old category comes in the second lowest at approximately 35%. For the 45-64 year old age group and 65+ year old age group the percentages are 45 and 43% respectively. So children ages 5-17 are more likely to see a dentist than adults, but children ages 2-4 are less likely than all other age groups ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>2020</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>25</RecNum><DisplayText>[6]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>25</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">25</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Web Page">12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Healthy People 2020</author></authors><secondary-authors><author>U.S. Department of Health and Human Services</author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title>Leading Health Indicators Oral Health</title><secondary-title>Oral Health</secondary-title></titles><volume>2013</volume><number>March 9</number><dates><year>2013</year></dates><pub-location>Washington D.C.</pub-location><urls><related-urls><url>;[6]. Those children who are examined earlier save 40% in dental costs within their first 5 years of life because of better oral health ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Dentistry</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>27</RecNum><DisplayText>[23]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>27</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">27</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Web Page">12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Get It Done In Year One</title></titles><volume>2013</volume><number>April 9</number><dates><year>2010</year></dates><pub-location>Chicago, IL</pub-location><urls><related-urls><url>;[23]. Clearly, people of all ages, but especially young children, need to see the dentist more often.Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 2 Percent of Children who had a Dental Exam in 2010 ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>2020</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>25</RecNum><DisplayText>[6]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>25</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">25</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Web Page">12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Healthy People 2020</author></authors><secondary-authors><author>U.S. Department of Health and Human Services</author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title>Leading Health Indicators Oral Health</title><secondary-title>Oral Health</secondary-title></titles><volume>2013</volume><number>March 9</number><dates><year>2013</year></dates><pub-location>Washington D.C.</pub-location><urls><related-urls><url>;[6]Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 3 Percent of Adults who had a Dental exam in 2010 ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>2020</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>25</RecNum><DisplayText>[6]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>25</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">25</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Web Page">12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Healthy People 2020</author></authors><secondary-authors><author>U.S. Department of Health and Human Services</author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title>Leading Health Indicators Oral Health</title><secondary-title>Oral Health</secondary-title></titles><volume>2013</volume><number>March 9</number><dates><year>2013</year></dates><pub-location>Washington D.C.</pub-location><urls><related-urls><url>;[6]Without adequate dental care, children will have high rates of caries, both treated and untreated. Rates of caries also vary by sex, socioeconomic status, race and ethnicity. NHANES found that 27.9% of children 2-5 years of age had dental caries and 20.5% had untreated caries. Males, ages 2-11, had a higher dental caries prevalence than females ages 2-11 (44.4% versus 39.8%) and a higher prevalence of untreated caries (24.2% versus 21.7%). A further breakdown showed that prevalence varied by socioeconomic status and ethnicities. Children from families living below the Federal Poverty Level had a dental caries prevalence of 54.3% with 32.5% untreated. Children from families who live at greater than 200% of the Federal poverty level had 32.3% dental caries prevalence with 15.0% untreated. Thus, children living below the federal poverty level, compared to children living above the poverty level, had a 22% increase in the prevalence of dental caries and a 17.5% increase in the percent untreated caries. The prevalence of caries among non-Hispanic white children was 38.6% with 19.5% untreated, whereas non-Hispanic Black and Mexican-American children had prevalences of 43.3% and 55.4% with 27.6% and 33.1% untreated, respectively. Compared to non-Hispanic white children, this is a 4.8% increase in caries prevalence among for non-Hispanic Black children is 4.8% higher and among Mexican-American children is16.8% higher ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Research</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>18</RecNum><DisplayText>[2]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>18</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">18</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Web Page">12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Dental Caries (Tooth Decay) in Children (Age 2 to 11)</title></titles><volume>2013</volume><number>March 19</number><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>March 25, 2011</date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location>Bethesda, MD</pub-location><publisher>National Institute of Health</publisher><urls><related-urls><url>;[2]. DOWNSTREAM Quality of life ISSUES The primary consequence of ECC is dental pain. This pain affects daily life in ways that can have a long term effect. Infants have been shown to have retarded growth when compared to caries-free peers, due to pain during eating ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Kawashita</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>21</RecNum><DisplayText>[3]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>21</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">21</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kawashita, Y.</author><author>Kitamura, M.</author><author>Saito, T.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Oral Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.</auth-address><titles><title>Early childhood caries</title><secondary-title>Int J Dent</secondary-title><alt-title>International journal of dentistry</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Int J Dent</full-title><abbr-1>International journal of dentistry</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Int J Dent</full-title><abbr-1>International journal of dentistry</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>725320</pages><volume>2011</volume><dates><year>2011</year></dates><isbn>1687-8736 (Electronic)
1687-8728 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>22007218</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;[3]. If the pain is great enough, children may have low body weight, be malnourished, and/ or have an iron deficiency ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Sheiham</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>8</RecNum><DisplayText>[14]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>8</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">8</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Sheiham, A.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT. a.sheiham@ucl.ac.uk</auth-address><titles><title>Dental caries affects body weight, growth and quality of life in pre-school children</title><secondary-title>Br Dent J</secondary-title><alt-title>British dental journal</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Br Dent J</full-title><abbr-1>British dental journal</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Br Dent J</full-title><abbr-1>British dental journal</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>625-6</pages><volume>201</volume><number>10</number><keywords><keyword>*Body Weight</keyword><keyword>Child, Preschool</keyword><keyword>Dental Caries/*complications</keyword><keyword>*Growth and Development</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>*Quality of Life</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2006</year><pub-dates><date>Nov 25</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0007-0610 (Print)
0007-0610 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>17128231</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;[14] ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Clarke</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>34</RecNum><DisplayText>[12]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>34</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">34</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Clarke, M.</author><author>Locker, D.</author><author>Berall, G.</author><author>Pencharz, P.</author><author>Kenny, D. J.</author><author>Judd, P.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Community Dental Services Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. martha.clarke@utoronto.ca</auth-address><titles><title>Malnourishment in a population of young children with severe early childhood caries</title><secondary-title>Pediatr Dent</secondary-title><alt-title>Pediatric dentistry</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Pediatr Dent</full-title><abbr-1>Pediatric dentistry</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Pediatr Dent</full-title><abbr-1>Pediatric dentistry</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>254-9</pages><volume>28</volume><number>3</number><keywords><keyword>Body Height</keyword><keyword>Body Mass Index</keyword><keyword>Body Weight</keyword><keyword>Child, Preschool</keyword><keyword>Dental Caries/*complications</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Ferritins/blood</keyword><keyword>Hemoglobins/analysis</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Iron/deficiency</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Malnutrition/blood/diagnosis/*etiology</keyword><keyword>Serum Albumin/analysis</keyword><keyword>Skinfold Thickness</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2006</year><pub-dates><date>May-Jun</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0164-1263 (Print)
0164-1263 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>16805358</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;[12]. A study by Clark, et.al., showed that among children 2-6 years old suffering from severe ECC, 17% could be categorized as malnourished, 24% showed iron depletion, 6% were iron deficient, and 11% had iron deficient anemia ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Clarke</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>34</RecNum><DisplayText>[12]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>34</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">34</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Clarke, M.</author><author>Locker, D.</author><author>Berall, G.</author><author>Pencharz, P.</author><author>Kenny, D. J.</author><author>Judd, P.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Community Dental Services Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. martha.clarke@utoronto.ca</auth-address><titles><title>Malnourishment in a population of young children with severe early childhood caries</title><secondary-title>Pediatr Dent</secondary-title><alt-title>Pediatric dentistry</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Pediatr Dent</full-title><abbr-1>Pediatric dentistry</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Pediatr Dent</full-title><abbr-1>Pediatric dentistry</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>254-9</pages><volume>28</volume><number>3</number><keywords><keyword>Body Height</keyword><keyword>Body Mass Index</keyword><keyword>Body Weight</keyword><keyword>Child, Preschool</keyword><keyword>Dental Caries/*complications</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Ferritins/blood</keyword><keyword>Hemoglobins/analysis</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Iron/deficiency</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Malnutrition/blood/diagnosis/*etiology</keyword><keyword>Serum Albumin/analysis</keyword><keyword>Skinfold Thickness</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2006</year><pub-dates><date>May-Jun</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0164-1263 (Print)
0164-1263 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>16805358</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;[12]. Some even can be classified as “failure to thrive”. Of those with ECC, 8.7% weighed less than 80% of ideal weight versus 1.7% of their caries-free counterparts ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Sheiham</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>8</RecNum><DisplayText>[14]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>8</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">8</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Sheiham, A.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT. a.sheiham@ucl.ac.uk</auth-address><titles><title>Dental caries affects body weight, growth and quality of life in pre-school children</title><secondary-title>Br Dent J</secondary-title><alt-title>British dental journal</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Br Dent J</full-title><abbr-1>British dental journal</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Br Dent J</full-title><abbr-1>British dental journal</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>625-6</pages><volume>201</volume><number>10</number><keywords><keyword>*Body Weight</keyword><keyword>Child, Preschool</keyword><keyword>Dental Caries/*complications</keyword><keyword>*Growth and Development</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>*Quality of Life</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2006</year><pub-dates><date>Nov 25</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0007-0610 (Print)
0007-0610 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>17128231</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;[14]. Children experiencing dental pain may have problems coping with stressors and may be more frustrated, worried, or upset PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DdW5uaW9uPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMDwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DdW5uaW9uPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMDwvWWVhcj48
UmVjTnVtPjEyPC9SZWNOdW0+PERpc3BsYXlUZXh0PlsxM108L0Rpc3BsYXlUZXh0PjxyZWNvcmQ+
PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+MTI8L3JlYy1udW1iZXI+PGZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48a2V5IGFwcD0iRU4iIGRi
LWlkPSJmNWZycnQweGhzeDkwNmV4NXQ3cDB2MDdzNTkyZDlzMHpwOWQiPjEyPC9rZXk+PC9mb3Jl
aWduLWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxj
b250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5DdW5uaW9uLCBELiBULjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRo
b3I+U3Bpcm8sIEEuLCAzcmQ8L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkpvbmVzLCBKLiBBLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxh
dXRob3I+UmljaCwgUy4gRS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlBhcGFnZW9yZ2lvdSwgQy4gUC48L2F1
dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlRhdGUsIEEuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5DYXNhbWFzc2ltbywgUC48L2F1
dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkhheWVzLCBDLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+R2FyY2lhLCBSLiBJLjwvYXV0
aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPkRlcGFydG1lbnQgb2Yg
R2VuZXJhbCBEZW50aXN0cnksIEhlbnJ5IE0uIEdvbGRtYW4gU2Nob29sIG9mIERlbnRhbCBNZWRp
Y2luZSwgQm9zdG9uIFVuaXZlcnNpdHksIEJvc3RvbiwgTUEsIFVTQS4gZGN1bm5pb25AYnUuZWR1
PC9hdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+PHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU+UGVkaWF0cmljIG9yYWwgaGVhbHRoLXJlbGF0
ZWQgcXVhbGl0eSBvZiBsaWZlIGltcHJvdmVtZW50IGFmdGVyIHRyZWF0bWVudCBvZiBlYXJseSBj
aGlsZGhvb2QgY2FyaWVzOiBhIHByb3NwZWN0aXZlIG11bHRpc2l0ZSBzdHVkeTwvdGl0bGU+PHNl
Y29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT5KIERlbnQgQ2hpbGQgKENoaWMpPC9zZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+PGFsdC10
aXRsZT5Kb3VybmFsIG9mIGRlbnRpc3RyeSBmb3IgY2hpbGRyZW48L2FsdC10aXRsZT48L3RpdGxl
cz48cGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5KIERlbnQgQ2hpbGQgKENoaWMpPC9mdWxsLXRpdGxl
PjxhYmJyLTE+Sm91cm5hbCBvZiBkZW50aXN0cnkgZm9yIGNoaWxkcmVuPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9wZXJp
b2RpY2FsPjxhbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5KIERlbnQgQ2hpbGQgKENoaWMpPC9m
dWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+Sm91cm5hbCBvZiBkZW50aXN0cnkgZm9yIGNoaWxkcmVuPC9hYmJy
LTE+PC9hbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48cGFnZXM+NC0xMTwvcGFnZXM+PHZvbHVtZT43Nzwvdm9sdW1l
PjxudW1iZXI+MTwvbnVtYmVyPjxrZXl3b3Jkcz48a2V5d29yZD5DaGlsZDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5
d29yZD5DaGlsZCwgUHJlc2Nob29sPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkRlbW9ncmFwaHk8L2tleXdv
cmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RGVudGFsIENhcmllcy8qc3VyZ2VyeTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5GZW1h
bGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+SHVtYW5zPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkluZmFudDwva2V5
d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Mb25naXR1ZGluYWwgU3R1ZGllczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5NYWxl
PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPipPcmFsIEhlYWx0aDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5QYWluIE1l
YXN1cmVtZW50PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlBhcmVudHMvKnBzeWNob2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+
PGtleXdvcmQ+UHJvc3BlY3RpdmUgU3R1ZGllczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD4qUXVhbGl0eSBv
ZiBMaWZlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlF1ZXN0aW9ubmFpcmVzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjwva2V5d29y
ZHM+PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjIwMTA8L3llYXI+PHB1Yi1kYXRlcz48ZGF0ZT5KYW4tQXByPC9kYXRl
PjwvcHViLWRhdGVzPjwvZGF0ZXM+PGlzYm4+MTkzNS01MDY4IChFbGVjdHJvbmljKSYjeEQ7MTU1
MS04OTQ5IChMaW5raW5nKTwvaXNibj48YWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT4yMDM1OTQyMzwvYWNjZXNzaW9u
LW51bT48dXJscz48cmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjx1cmw+aHR0cDovL3d3dy5uY2JpLm5sbS5uaWguZ292
L3B1Ym1lZC8yMDM1OTQyMzwvdXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJscz48L3JlY29yZD48L0Np
dGU+PC9FbmROb3RlPn==
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [13]. Sleep is often affected by the pain of caries PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TaGVpaGFtPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwNjwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TaGVpaGFtPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwNjwvWWVhcj48
UmVjTnVtPjg8L1JlY051bT48RGlzcGxheVRleHQ+WzEzLCAxNF08L0Rpc3BsYXlUZXh0PjxyZWNv
cmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+ODwvcmVjLW51bWJlcj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIg
ZGItaWQ9ImY1ZnJydDB4aHN4OTA2ZXg1dDdwMHYwN3M1OTJkOXMwenA5ZCI+ODwva2V5PjwvZm9y
ZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxyZWYtdHlwZSBuYW1lPSJKb3VybmFsIEFydGljbGUiPjE3PC9yZWYtdHlwZT48
Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I+U2hlaWhhbSwgQS48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhv
cnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz5EZXBhcnRtZW50IG9mIEVwaWRlbWlvbG9n
eSBhbmQgUHVibGljIEhlYWx0aCwgVW5pdmVyc2l0eSBDb2xsZWdlIExvbmRvbiwgMS0xOSBUb3Jy
aW5ndG9uIFBsYWNlLCBMb25kb24sIFdDMUUgNkJULiBhLnNoZWloYW1AdWNsLmFjLnVrPC9hdXRo
LWFkZHJlc3M+PHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU+RGVudGFsIGNhcmllcyBhZmZlY3RzIGJvZHkgd2VpZ2h0
LCBncm93dGggYW5kIHF1YWxpdHkgb2YgbGlmZSBpbiBwcmUtc2Nob29sIGNoaWxkcmVuPC90aXRs
ZT48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPkJyIERlbnQgSjwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjxhbHQtdGl0bGU+
QnJpdGlzaCBkZW50YWwgam91cm5hbDwvYWx0LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxwZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxm
dWxsLXRpdGxlPkJyIERlbnQgSjwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPkJyaXRpc2ggZGVudGFsIGpv
dXJuYWw8L2FiYnItMT48L3BlcmlvZGljYWw+PGFsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkJy
IERlbnQgSjwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPkJyaXRpc2ggZGVudGFsIGpvdXJuYWw8L2FiYnIt
MT48L2FsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxwYWdlcz42MjUtNjwvcGFnZXM+PHZvbHVtZT4yMDE8L3ZvbHVt
ZT48bnVtYmVyPjEwPC9udW1iZXI+PGtleXdvcmRzPjxrZXl3b3JkPipCb2R5IFdlaWdodDwva2V5
d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5DaGlsZCwgUHJlc2Nob29sPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkRlbnRhbCBD
YXJpZXMvKmNvbXBsaWNhdGlvbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Kkdyb3d0aCBhbmQgRGV2ZWxv
cG1lbnQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+SHVtYW5zPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPipRdWFsaXR5
IG9mIExpZmU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PC9rZXl3b3Jkcz48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+MjAwNjwveWVhcj48cHVi
LWRhdGVzPjxkYXRlPk5vdiAyNTwvZGF0ZT48L3B1Yi1kYXRlcz48L2RhdGVzPjxpc2JuPjAwMDct
MDYxMCAoUHJpbnQpJiN4RDswMDA3LTA2MTAgKExpbmtpbmcpPC9pc2JuPjxhY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVt
PjE3MTI4MjMxPC9hY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjx1cmxzPjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PHVybD5odHRwOi8v
d3d3Lm5jYmkubmxtLm5paC5nb3YvcHVibWVkLzE3MTI4MjMxPC91cmw+PC9yZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+
PC91cmxzPjxlbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT4xMC4xMDM4L3NqLmJkai40ODE0MjU5PC9l
bGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT48L3JlY29yZD48L0NpdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DdW5u
aW9uPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMDwvWWVhcj48UmVjTnVtPjEyPC9SZWNOdW0+PHJlY29yZD48
cmVjLW51bWJlcj4xMjwvcmVjLW51bWJlcj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGIt
aWQ9ImY1ZnJydDB4aHN4OTA2ZXg1dDdwMHYwN3M1OTJkOXMwenA5ZCI+MTI8L2tleT48L2ZvcmVp
Z24ta2V5cz48cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFtZT0iSm91cm5hbCBBcnRpY2xlIj4xNzwvcmVmLXR5cGU+PGNv
bnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPkN1bm5pb24sIEQuIFQuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhv
cj5TcGlybywgQS4sIDNyZDwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+Sm9uZXMsIEouIEEuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1
dGhvcj5SaWNoLCBTLiBFLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+UGFwYWdlb3JnaW91LCBDLiBQLjwvYXV0
aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+VGF0ZSwgQS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkNhc2FtYXNzaW1vLCBQLjwvYXV0
aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+SGF5ZXMsIEMuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5HYXJjaWEsIFIuIEkuPC9hdXRo
b3I+PC9hdXRob3JzPjwvY29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+RGVwYXJ0bWVudCBvZiBH
ZW5lcmFsIERlbnRpc3RyeSwgSGVucnkgTS4gR29sZG1hbiBTY2hvb2wgb2YgRGVudGFsIE1lZGlj
aW5lLCBCb3N0b24gVW5pdmVyc2l0eSwgQm9zdG9uLCBNQSwgVVNBLiBkY3VubmlvbkBidS5lZHU8
L2F1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5QZWRpYXRyaWMgb3JhbCBoZWFsdGgtcmVsYXRl
ZCBxdWFsaXR5IG9mIGxpZmUgaW1wcm92ZW1lbnQgYWZ0ZXIgdHJlYXRtZW50IG9mIGVhcmx5IGNo
aWxkaG9vZCBjYXJpZXM6IGEgcHJvc3BlY3RpdmUgbXVsdGlzaXRlIHN0dWR5PC90aXRsZT48c2Vj
b25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPkogRGVudCBDaGlsZCAoQ2hpYyk8L3NlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT48YWx0LXRp
dGxlPkpvdXJuYWwgb2YgZGVudGlzdHJ5IGZvciBjaGlsZHJlbjwvYWx0LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVz
PjxwZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkogRGVudCBDaGlsZCAoQ2hpYyk8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+
PGFiYnItMT5Kb3VybmFsIG9mIGRlbnRpc3RyeSBmb3IgY2hpbGRyZW48L2FiYnItMT48L3Blcmlv
ZGljYWw+PGFsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkogRGVudCBDaGlsZCAoQ2hpYyk8L2Z1
bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5Kb3VybmFsIG9mIGRlbnRpc3RyeSBmb3IgY2hpbGRyZW48L2FiYnIt
MT48L2FsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxwYWdlcz40LTExPC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjc3PC92b2x1bWU+
PG51bWJlcj4xPC9udW1iZXI+PGtleXdvcmRzPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNoaWxkPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3
b3JkPkNoaWxkLCBQcmVzY2hvb2w8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RGVtb2dyYXBoeTwva2V5d29y
ZD48a2V5d29yZD5EZW50YWwgQ2FyaWVzLypzdXJnZXJ5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkZlbWFs
ZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+SW5mYW50PC9rZXl3
b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkxvbmdpdHVkaW5hbCBTdHVkaWVzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPk1hbGU8
L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Kk9yYWwgSGVhbHRoPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlBhaW4gTWVh
c3VyZW1lbnQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UGFyZW50cy8qcHN5Y2hvbG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48
a2V5d29yZD5Qcm9zcGVjdGl2ZSBTdHVkaWVzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPipRdWFsaXR5IG9m
IExpZmU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UXVlc3Rpb25uYWlyZXM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PC9rZXl3b3Jk
cz48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+MjAxMDwveWVhcj48cHViLWRhdGVzPjxkYXRlPkphbi1BcHI8L2RhdGU+
PC9wdWItZGF0ZXM+PC9kYXRlcz48aXNibj4xOTM1LTUwNjggKEVsZWN0cm9uaWMpJiN4RDsxNTUx
LTg5NDkgKExpbmtpbmcpPC9pc2JuPjxhY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjIwMzU5NDIzPC9hY2Nlc3Npb24t
bnVtPjx1cmxzPjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PHVybD5odHRwOi8vd3d3Lm5jYmkubmxtLm5paC5nb3Yv
cHVibWVkLzIwMzU5NDIzPC91cmw+PC9yZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PC91cmxzPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0
ZT48L0VuZE5vdGU+
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [13, 14]. Absence from school or not wanting to play with peers can also be a result of dental pain PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DdW5uaW9uPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMDwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DdW5uaW9uPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMDwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [7, 13]. In a period of life that is instrumental in social and educational development, these problems can be detrimental to their future well-being ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Sheiham</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>8</RecNum><DisplayText>[14]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>8</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">8</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Sheiham, A.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT. a.sheiham@ucl.ac.uk</auth-address><titles><title>Dental caries affects body weight, growth and quality of life in pre-school children</title><secondary-title>Br Dent J</secondary-title><alt-title>British dental journal</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Br Dent J</full-title><abbr-1>British dental journal</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Br Dent J</full-title><abbr-1>British dental journal</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>625-6</pages><volume>201</volume><number>10</number><keywords><keyword>*Body Weight</keyword><keyword>Child, Preschool</keyword><keyword>Dental Caries/*complications</keyword><keyword>*Growth and Development</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>*Quality of Life</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2006</year><pub-dates><date>Nov 25</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0007-0610 (Print)
0007-0610 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>17128231</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;[14].When children have caries as infants and young children, they are more likely to have caries in later erupting primary teeth and the permanent dentition ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Kawashita</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>21</RecNum><DisplayText>[3]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>21</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">21</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kawashita, Y.</author><author>Kitamura, M.</author><author>Saito, T.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Oral Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.</auth-address><titles><title>Early childhood caries</title><secondary-title>Int J Dent</secondary-title><alt-title>International journal of dentistry</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Int J Dent</full-title><abbr-1>International journal of dentistry</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Int J Dent</full-title><abbr-1>International journal of dentistry</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>725320</pages><volume>2011</volume><dates><year>2011</year></dates><isbn>1687-8736 (Electronic)
1687-8728 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>22007218</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;[3]. Without treatment, caries in children often leads to tooth extraction ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Vargas</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>15</RecNum><DisplayText>[7]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>15</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">15</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Vargas, C. M.</author><author>Ronzio, C. R.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Health Promotion and Policy, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. cvargas@umaryland.edu</auth-address><titles><title>Disparities in early childhood caries</title><secondary-title>BMC Oral Health</secondary-title><alt-title>BMC oral health</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>BMC Oral Health</full-title><abbr-1>BMC oral health</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>BMC Oral Health</full-title><abbr-1>BMC oral health</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>S3</pages><volume>6 Suppl 1</volume><dates><year>2006</year></dates><isbn>1472-6831 (Electronic)
1472-6831 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>16934120</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;[7]. Two British studies have shown that approximately 10% of teeth removed are due to caries PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5UaWNrbGU8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDAyPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5UaWNrbGU8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDAyPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [24, 25]. Since the progression of ECC usually affects the maxillary incisors and first molars, they are at highest risk of needing extraction ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Kawashita</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>21</RecNum><DisplayText>[3]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>21</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">21</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kawashita, Y.</author><author>Kitamura, M.</author><author>Saito, T.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Oral Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.</auth-address><titles><title>Early childhood caries</title><secondary-title>Int J Dent</secondary-title><alt-title>International journal of dentistry</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Int J Dent</full-title><abbr-1>International journal of dentistry</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Int J Dent</full-title><abbr-1>International journal of dentistry</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>725320</pages><volume>2011</volume><dates><year>2011</year></dates><isbn>1687-8736 (Electronic)
1687-8728 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>22007218</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;[3]. If the molars are removed too early, the chance of future orthodontic care increases. With ECC affecting many children who live below the poverty level, this puts an added financial burden onto many already economically stressed families ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Vargas</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>15</RecNum><DisplayText>[7]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>15</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">15</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Vargas, C. M.</author><author>Ronzio, C. R.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Health Promotion and Policy, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. cvargas@umaryland.edu</auth-address><titles><title>Disparities in early childhood caries</title><secondary-title>BMC Oral Health</secondary-title><alt-title>BMC oral health</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>BMC Oral Health</full-title><abbr-1>BMC oral health</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>BMC Oral Health</full-title><abbr-1>BMC oral health</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>S3</pages><volume>6 Suppl 1</volume><dates><year>2006</year></dates><isbn>1472-6831 (Electronic)
1472-6831 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>16934120</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;[7].INTERVENTIONSInterventions on many levels to prevent tooth decay have been found to be effective. The simplest and most successful one has been to brush teeth with fluoridated tooth paste ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Research</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>16</RecNum><DisplayText>[10]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">16</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Web Page">12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>The Story of Fluoridation</title></titles><volume>2013</volume><number>Marc 31</number><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>March 25</date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location>Bethesda, MD</pub-location><publisher>National Institute of Health</publisher><urls><related-urls><url>;[10]. If parents take interest in brushing their infant’s teeth, then it can become a protective habit against dental caries ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Kawashita</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>21</RecNum><DisplayText>[3]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>21</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">21</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kawashita, Y.</author><author>Kitamura, M.</author><author>Saito, T.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Oral Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.</auth-address><titles><title>Early childhood caries</title><secondary-title>Int J Dent</secondary-title><alt-title>International journal of dentistry</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Int J Dent</full-title><abbr-1>International journal of dentistry</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Int J Dent</full-title><abbr-1>International journal of dentistry</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>725320</pages><volume>2011</volume><dates><year>2011</year></dates><isbn>1687-8736 (Electronic)
1687-8728 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>22007218</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;[3]. There was an average decrease of 29% in dental caries among children after fluoridation of water supplies. It was also estimated that for every one dollar spent on fluoridating water, $38 dollars were saved in dental restoration ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Control</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>31</RecNum><DisplayText>[15]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>31</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">31</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Web Page">12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Centers for Disease Control</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>After 60 Years of Success in Fighting Dental Decay, Water Fluoridation is Still Lacking in Many Communities</title><secondary-title>Division of Oral Health</secondary-title></titles><volume>2013</volume><number>April 1</number><dates><year>2009</year></dates><pub-location>Atlanta, GA</pub-location><publisher>Department of Health and Human Services</publisher><urls><related-urls><url>;[15]. Changing eating and drinking habits also can be done in the home. If the child is weaned away from bottles or other assistive drinking devices, especially during the night, the microbial biome will have less of an adverse effect on the primary teeth ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Kawashita</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>21</RecNum><DisplayText>[3]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>21</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">21</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kawashita, Y.</author><author>Kitamura, M.</author><author>Saito, T.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Oral Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.</auth-address><titles><title>Early childhood caries</title><secondary-title>Int J Dent</secondary-title><alt-title>International journal of dentistry</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Int J Dent</full-title><abbr-1>International journal of dentistry</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Int J Dent</full-title><abbr-1>International journal of dentistry</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>725320</pages><volume>2011</volume><dates><year>2011</year></dates><isbn>1687-8736 (Electronic)
1687-8728 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>22007218</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;[3]. Topical antimicrobials were tested in children at high risk for ECC, but the risks outweighed the benefits. Microorganisms such as S. mutans and S. sobrinus, that have an influence in dental caries, were suppressed, but the good flora in the mouth and pharynx were also suppressed, thus interfering with the body’s natural defense against infection. A topical cream for teeth, casein phosphopeptide-amoutphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), helps strengthen the tooth surface and reduces demineralization; it has an additive effect when used with fluoridated toothpaste ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Kawashita</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>21</RecNum><DisplayText>[3]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>21</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">21</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kawashita, Y.</author><author>Kitamura, M.</author><author>Saito, T.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Oral Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.</auth-address><titles><title>Early childhood caries</title><secondary-title>Int J Dent</secondary-title><alt-title>International journal of dentistry</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Int J Dent</full-title><abbr-1>International journal of dentistry</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Int J Dent</full-title><abbr-1>International journal of dentistry</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>725320</pages><volume>2011</volume><dates><year>2011</year></dates><isbn>1687-8736 (Electronic)
1687-8728 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>22007218</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;[3] In a study comparing fluoride treatment and fluoride + CPP-ACP treatment, there was a 23% reduction in white spots, the first sign of a carious lesion, for fluoride-only treatment and a 64% reduction in the fluoride + CPP-ACP treatment group. In a placebo trial, the CPP-ACP group showed a 31% improvement of white spots over the control ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Reynolds</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>32</RecNum><DisplayText>[26]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>32</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">32</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Reynolds, E. C.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Cooperative Research Centre for Oral Health Science, School of Dental Science, Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia. e.reynolds@unimelb.edu.au</auth-address><titles><title>Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate: the scientific evidence</title><secondary-title>Adv Dent Res</secondary-title><alt-title>Advances in dental research</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Adv Dent Res</full-title><abbr-1>Advances in dental research</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Adv Dent Res</full-title><abbr-1>Advances in dental research</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>25-9</pages><volume>21</volume><number>1</number><keywords><keyword>Animals</keyword><keyword>Cariostatic Agents/*therapeutic use</keyword><keyword>Caseins/chemistry/*therapeutic use</keyword><keyword>Dental Caries/*prevention & control</keyword><keyword>Drug Combinations</keyword><keyword>Fluorides/therapeutic use</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Nanocomposites</keyword><keyword>Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic</keyword><keyword>Rats</keyword><keyword>Tooth Remineralization/*methods</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2009</year></dates><isbn>1544-0737 (Electronic)
0895-9374 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>19717407</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;[26]. One problem with the treatment of dental caries in children is that it can be costly, because children often require sedation and those who treat them must be experienced in the special needs of children and this requires more training. Children are often better seen by pediatric dentists, because they are specialized in the skill set that is needed to treat this population. The number of children in the country outnumbers the availability of these practitioners, because there is only approximately 1 professional for every 5000 children under 5 years of age ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Vargas</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>15</RecNum><DisplayText>[7]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>15</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">15</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Vargas, C. M.</author><author>Ronzio, C. R.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Health Promotion and Policy, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. cvargas@umaryland.edu</auth-address><titles><title>Disparities in early childhood caries</title><secondary-title>BMC Oral Health</secondary-title><alt-title>BMC oral health</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>BMC Oral Health</full-title><abbr-1>BMC oral health</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>BMC Oral Health</full-title><abbr-1>BMC oral health</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>S3</pages><volume>6 Suppl 1</volume><dates><year>2006</year></dates><isbn>1472-6831 (Electronic)
1472-6831 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>16934120</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;[7]. Some programs have been implemented to incentivize dental care providers to care for children. In Washington State, the Access to Baby and Child Dentistry (ABCD) program trains dentists in the needs of children and increases Medicaid reimbursement rates. The goal is to increase the number of providers that are able to care for children and give them a stronger rationale to accept more children covered under Medicaid ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Vargas</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>15</RecNum><DisplayText>[7]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>15</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">15</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Vargas, C. M.</author><author>Ronzio, C. R.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Health Promotion and Policy, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. cvargas@umaryland.edu</auth-address><titles><title>Disparities in early childhood caries</title><secondary-title>BMC Oral Health</secondary-title><alt-title>BMC oral health</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>BMC Oral Health</full-title><abbr-1>BMC oral health</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>BMC Oral Health</full-title><abbr-1>BMC oral health</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>S3</pages><volume>6 Suppl 1</volume><dates><year>2006</year></dates><isbn>1472-6831 (Electronic)
1472-6831 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>16934120</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;[7]. From 1997 to 2009, the number of eligible infants and young children who have received treatment under this program has increased from 3 to 23.1% ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Foundation</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>29</RecNum><DisplayText>[27]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>29</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">29</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Web Page">12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Washington Dental Service Foundation</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Access to Baby and Child Dentistry</title></titles><volume>2013</volume><number>April 1</number><dates><year>2011</year></dates><urls><related-urls><url>;[27]. North Carolina offers a program called “Into the Mouth of Babes,” that trains medical professionals in basic dental health to screen, counsel, refer, and offer fluoride treatment for children. Young children receive some dental services and can be referred if they have dental problems that progress beyond the medical professional’s training ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Vargas</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>15</RecNum><DisplayText>[7]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>15</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">15</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Vargas, C. M.</author><author>Ronzio, C. R.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Health Promotion and Policy, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. cvargas@umaryland.edu</auth-address><titles><title>Disparities in early childhood caries</title><secondary-title>BMC Oral Health</secondary-title><alt-title>BMC oral health</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>BMC Oral Health</full-title><abbr-1>BMC oral health</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>BMC Oral Health</full-title><abbr-1>BMC oral health</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>S3</pages><volume>6 Suppl 1</volume><dates><year>2006</year></dates><isbn>1472-6831 (Electronic)
1472-6831 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>16934120</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;[7]. This program has been shown to have 32% probability to reduce medical costs, especially when compared to the high costs of emergency room visits due to untreated caries PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TdGVhcm5zPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMjwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TdGVhcm5zPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMjwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [16]. There are also special fellowships and loan repayment programs for dental professionals who work in underserved areas or with underserved populations. Working in these programs can boost the career of a young dentist as well as alleviate the some financial burden of his/her dental school education ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Vargas</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>15</RecNum><DisplayText>[7]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>15</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">15</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Vargas, C. M.</author><author>Ronzio, C. R.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Health Promotion and Policy, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. cvargas@umaryland.edu</auth-address><titles><title>Disparities in early childhood caries</title><secondary-title>BMC Oral Health</secondary-title><alt-title>BMC oral health</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>BMC Oral Health</full-title><abbr-1>BMC oral health</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>BMC Oral Health</full-title><abbr-1>BMC oral health</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>S3</pages><volume>6 Suppl 1</volume><dates><year>2006</year></dates><isbn>1472-6831 (Electronic)
1472-6831 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>16934120</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;[7]. When considering intervention options for dental caries in Appalachia, focus groups would be the best place to start. Focus groups would be needed for those who would receive the treatment and those who would provide the treatment since both would be vital stakeholders with very different needs. This population may not perceive dental caries in childhood to be a problem, rather they might consider it to be a social norm, and so formative research must be performed and assessed. Consultations with healthcare administrators, policy makers, insurance companies, and other community partners would also be necessary before any intervention could be implemented. Without the financial and executive approval, these interventions would not be sustainable. Those who would provide the treatments would have to go through additional training to ensure that they could properly recognize and apply the preventative care. Ideally, these trainings would count towards the medical professional’s continuing education units that are required by most medical fields, so that it would not be an undue burden to the professionals implementing the intervention.Using the Health Belief Model would best elucidate the perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barriers, and perceived benefits of the population when it comes to this health topic. If the perceptions of susceptibility, severity, and benefits are low and barriers high, then a program similar to “Into the Mouth of Babes” might be best. This program could ease the transition to better oral health by incorporating medical professionals that the population already has a history with and they could begin a preventative regime for oral health ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Vargas</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>15</RecNum><DisplayText>[7]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>15</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">15</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Vargas, C. M.</author><author>Ronzio, C. R.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Health Promotion and Policy, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. cvargas@umaryland.edu</auth-address><titles><title>Disparities in early childhood caries</title><secondary-title>BMC Oral Health</secondary-title><alt-title>BMC oral health</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>BMC Oral Health</full-title><abbr-1>BMC oral health</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>BMC Oral Health</full-title><abbr-1>BMC oral health</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>S3</pages><volume>6 Suppl 1</volume><dates><year>2006</year></dates><isbn>1472-6831 (Electronic)
1472-6831 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>16934120</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;[7]. Since early access to affordable preventative healthcare could have a huge impact, a pilot program could start in those locations that have the highest prevalence of dental caries in early childhood. Annual evaluations of how much of the population has used this dental preventative care would be performed. If the program in Appalachia reflects the success shown in the North Carolina program, the program could be expanded to surrounding areas. As knowledge and demand for more complex dental health grows, a follow-up program such as a modified Access to Baby and Child Dentistry (ABCD) program could begin to augment the “Into the Mouth of Babes” program. With a successful intervention of early access to dental care, as many as one in four children could have better outcomes if they were able to live without dental pain ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>2020</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>19</RecNum><DisplayText>[4]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>19</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">19</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Web Page">12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Healthy People 2020</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Oral Health Across the Life Stages</title><secondary-title>Oral Health</secondary-title></titles><volume>2013</volume><number>March 19</number><dates><year>2013</year><pub-dates><date>February 22, 2013</date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location>Washington, DC</pub-location><publisher>U.S. Department of Health and Human Services</publisher><urls><related-urls><url>;[4].COHRA2: factors contributing to oral health disparities in appalachiaCOHRA2 is a continuation study of Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia (COHRA1). COHRA1 was a study of families from rural Appalachia that researched what genetic and environmental factors played a role in the poor oral health seen in many children and adults from rural Appalachia ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Polk</Author><Year>2008</Year><RecNum>7</RecNum><DisplayText>[28]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>7</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">7</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Polk, D. E.</author><author>Weyant, R. J.</author><author>Crout, R. J.</author><author>McNeil, D. W.</author><author>Tarter, R. E.</author><author>Thomas, J. G.</author><author>Marazita, M. L.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Dental Public Health and Information Management, University of Pittsburgh, School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. dpolk@pitt.edu</auth-address><titles><title>Study protocol of the Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia (COHRA) etiology study</title><secondary-title>BMC Oral Health</secondary-title><alt-title>BMC oral health</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>BMC Oral Health</full-title><abbr-1>BMC oral health</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>BMC Oral Health</full-title><abbr-1>BMC oral health</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>18</pages><volume>8</volume><dates><year>2008</year></dates><isbn>1472-6831 (Electronic)
1472-6831 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>18522740</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;[28]. One of the results of this study was that children aged 2-5 years old had a higher prevalence of dental caries in some areas of Appalachia than was found in NHANES III ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Polk</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>49</RecNum><DisplayText>[29]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>49</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">49</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Personal Communication">26</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Deborah E Polk</author></authors><secondary-authors><author>Dylan Cawley</author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title>COHRA1 Question</title></titles><pages>1</pages><dates><year>2013</year><pub-dates><date>Apirl 17 2013</date></pub-dates></dates><work-type>email</work-type><urls></urls><custom1>dpolk@pitt.edu</custom1><custom2>dec55@pitt.edu</custom2></record></Cite></EndNote>[29]. These findings inspired the hypotheses and aims that are the basis of COHRA2. COHRA2 recruits expectant Caucasian mothers from Northern Appalachia, rural West Virginia and the greater Pittsburgh area, and follows the mother-child pair longitudinally until the child is two years old. The overarching goal of this study is to investigate the genetic, environmental, microbial, and social factors that influence a child’s risk for ECC before and while the primary teeth are erupting. COHRA2 investigators collect a sample of household water, saliva from the mother-child pair for DNA, unstimulated salivary flow rate, pH of the saliva, as well as microbial samples from saliva, gingival swabs, and tooth plaque from intact tooth surfaces, caries at different stages of progression, and developmental defects of enamel. By using a mother-child pair, this study can see how the microbial biome is vertically transferred from mother to child, approximate when the transfer occurred (because the participants are seen at various intervals), and quantify how quickly the microorganisms colonize in vivo with respect to their behaviors. These samples are collected in conjunction with data on behavioral patterns, diet, medical history, medications, and a dental exam to characterize susceptibility and progression of ECC. Quality control and logistic issues:As with any new study, COHRA2 was not without its early problems. There were problems with electronic access to data, coordination of sample shipping, notifications of when women went into labor, and general communication issues. Some of these issues, such as the ability to transfer data electronically, were resolved with minor disruption to the recruitment and sampling process. The issue of timely notification of labor at the Pittsburgh site was largely resolved by regular communication and an awareness of when participants are due. The largest issue that the study faced was communication between the two sites. Regular site monitoring visits by the NIH pressured the sites of COHRA2 to find a way to improve their communication and streamline data processing. This took a lot of effort from parties at both sites. Each site worked well independently, but the sharing of information did not work as well. By far the most frustrating miscommunication was with the data that was transmitted from West Virginia to Pittsburgh. These data problems may also be the most time consuming for many of those working on COHRA2. Every small change in a data form, such as an empty or corrected bubble, had to be confirmed with the other site and documented. Correcting and documenting these changes as they are found will help with the data cleaning process when the study concludes and will increase the usefulness of that data for subsequent analyses. For a while this question-and-clarification process was via email, but this process was not efficient. Emails would be lengthy and some details were missed, resulting in follow-up emails. The assistant and evaluator for that participant’s visit needed to be contacted, and often the length of time between the visit and the data processing could be too long for those involved in the visit to remember clearly. Several steps were taken to improve and correct this problem. The first step was to improve infrastructure. Specifically, West Virginia gained direct access to Pittsburgh’s computer network, so that it was possible for them to scan and upload data efficiently and in a timely manner. The next step was to increase data processing capacity by hiring more staff to process this data. At one point there was one person devoting 50% of her time to processing the data from both sites. This process was slow and created a backlog of at least 6 months per site. With more people entering data, the data is processed quickly and questions can be addressed in a timely fashion. Thus, further steps do not need to be taken, such as contacting the participant for clarification of medication. The Pittsburgh site is up to date with its data processing and West Virginia sends their paperwork in intervals of 2-4 weeks, so their backlog has decreased. As of early April 2013, the data processing team has processed and cleaned mid-January 2013 visits from West Virginia. Next, a question log was created so that questions did not have to be emailed back and forth. The evaluators and assistants can log into this program and answer questions as their schedule allows. Nothing is missed, because everyone can see whether a question has been answered. Pittsburgh questions are answered in about a week and West Virginia answers take 10-14 days now, whereas it took almost a month before this change in protocol. Lastly, the evaluators and assistants from both sites sat down in one room and addressed the common errors in the data from both sites and how to best facilitate correcting them easily and efficiently. The face-to-face meeting did more than any phone call or email could have done. Each site was able to address what they needed in a congenial and respectful manner that was effective and understandable. Previous emails and telephone conversations had led to misinterpretations and increased frustration. Since these steps have been taken, the communication between the sites has improved greatly and allowed the two teams to respect and enjoy each other’s company.These early problems that COHRA2 faced have left a very valuable impact. Some problems such as the multiple firewalls took time and expertise in computers and systems to resolve, but others such as the communication problems needed to be worked through little by little. Letting the frustration between partners continue would just poison the water and lessen the chances of having a successful study or intervention. Working through the problems helps build faith and trust in the other side. Lastly, after working hard to problem-solve, doing something fun and relaxing together, such as going out for dinner and cheesecake, can be just as essential to improve communication and relationships as the technical meetings about procedures.CONCLUSIONDental caries in early childhood is an important public health issue, especially due to its increased prevalence in lower socioeconomic groups and minorities, and its downstream effectsPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DbGFya2U8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA2PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DbGFya2U8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA2PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [3, 7, 12-14, 16, 24, 25]. With the percent of young children with caries increasing, along with many of those children going untreated, this issue needs an intervention with an effect similar in magnitude to that of fluoride supplementation to the water from the mid to late 20th century ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Research</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>16</RecNum><DisplayText>[10, 15]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">16</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Web Page">12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>The Story of Fluoridation</title></titles><volume>2013</volume><number>Marc 31</number><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>March 25</date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location>Bethesda, MD</pub-location><publisher>National Institute of Health</publisher><urls><related-urls><url> app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">31</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Web Page">12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Centers for Disease Control</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>After 60 Years of Success in Fighting Dental Decay, Water Fluoridation is Still Lacking in Many Communities</title><secondary-title>Division of Oral Health</secondary-title></titles><volume>2013</volume><number>April 1</number><dates><year>2009</year></dates><pub-location>Atlanta, GA</pub-location><publisher>Department of Health and Human Services</publisher><urls><related-urls><url>;[10, 15]. Knowledge is growing with respect to what microorganisms and genes play a role in the development of caries at such a young age. The strains of bacteria, time of exposure, and amount of colonization are all shown to be causative agents, when combined with environmental factors such as consuming sugary beverages or food around the time of sleep when saliva production decreasesPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5LYXdhc2hpdGE8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDExPC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5LYXdhc2hpdGE8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDExPC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [3, 7, 8, 11, 14]. The amount of fluoride the child is exposed to in water, varnish treatments, and toothpaste can be protective, if used in moderate levels PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5LYXdhc2hpdGE8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDExPC9ZZWFy
PjxSZWNOdW0+MjE8L1JlY051bT48RGlzcGxheVRleHQ+WzMsIDEwLCAxMl08L0Rpc3BsYXlUZXh0
PjxyZWNvcmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+MjE8L3JlYy1udW1iZXI+PGZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48a2V5IGFw
cD0iRU4iIGRiLWlkPSJmNWZycnQweGhzeDkwNmV4NXQ3cDB2MDdzNTkyZDlzMHpwOWQiPjIxPC9r
ZXk+PC9mb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+MTc8L3Jl
Zi10eXBlPjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5LYXdhc2hpdGEsIFkuPC9hdXRo
b3I+PGF1dGhvcj5LaXRhbXVyYSwgTS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlNhaXRvLCBULjwvYXV0aG9y
PjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPkRlcGFydG1lbnQgb2YgT3Jh
bCBIZWFsdGgsIE5hZ2FzYWtpIFVuaXZlcnNpdHkgR3JhZHVhdGUgU2Nob29sIG9mIEJpb21lZGlj
YWwgU2NpZW5jZXMsIDEtNy0xIFNha2Ftb3RvLCBOYWdhc2FraSA4NTItODU4OCwgSmFwYW4uPC9h
dXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+PHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU+RWFybHkgY2hpbGRob29kIGNhcmllczwvdGl0bGU+
PHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT5JbnQgSiBEZW50PC9zZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+PGFsdC10aXRsZT5J
bnRlcm5hdGlvbmFsIGpvdXJuYWwgb2YgZGVudGlzdHJ5PC9hbHQtdGl0bGU+PC90aXRsZXM+PHBl
cmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+SW50IEogRGVudDwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPkludGVy
bmF0aW9uYWwgam91cm5hbCBvZiBkZW50aXN0cnk8L2FiYnItMT48L3BlcmlvZGljYWw+PGFsdC1w
ZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkludCBKIERlbnQ8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5JbnRl
cm5hdGlvbmFsIGpvdXJuYWwgb2YgZGVudGlzdHJ5PC9hYmJyLTE+PC9hbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48
cGFnZXM+NzI1MzIwPC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjIwMTE8L3ZvbHVtZT48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+MjAx
MTwveWVhcj48L2RhdGVzPjxpc2JuPjE2ODctODczNiAoRWxlY3Ryb25pYykmI3hEOzE2ODctODcy
OCAoTGlua2luZyk8L2lzYm4+PGFjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+MjIwMDcyMTg8L2FjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+
PHVybHM+PHJlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48dXJsPmh0dHA6Ly93d3cubmNiaS5ubG0ubmloLmdvdi9wdWJt
ZWQvMjIwMDcyMTg8L3VybD48L3JlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48L3VybHM+PGN1c3RvbTI+MzE5MTc4NDwv
Y3VzdG9tMj48ZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+MTAuMTE1NS8yMDExLzcyNTMyMDwvZWxl
Y3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRlPjxDaXRlPjxBdXRob3I+Q2xhcmtl
PC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwNjwvWWVhcj48UmVjTnVtPjM0PC9SZWNOdW0+PHJlY29yZD48cmVj
LW51bWJlcj4zNDwvcmVjLW51bWJlcj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9
ImY1ZnJydDB4aHN4OTA2ZXg1dDdwMHYwN3M1OTJkOXMwenA5ZCI+MzQ8L2tleT48L2ZvcmVpZ24t
a2V5cz48cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFtZT0iSm91cm5hbCBBcnRpY2xlIj4xNzwvcmVmLXR5cGU+PGNvbnRy
aWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPkNsYXJrZSwgTS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkxvY2tl
ciwgRC48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkJlcmFsbCwgRy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlBlbmNoYXJ6
LCBQLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+S2VubnksIEQuIEouPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5KdWRkLCBQ
LjwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPkNvbW11bml0
eSBEZW50YWwgU2VydmljZXMgUmVzZWFyY2ggVW5pdCwgRmFjdWx0eSBvZiBEZW50aXN0cnksIFVu
aXZlcnNpdHkgb2YgVG9yb250bywgT250YXJpbywgQ2FuYWRhLiBtYXJ0aGEuY2xhcmtlQHV0b3Jv
bnRvLmNhPC9hdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+PHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU+TWFsbm91cmlzaG1lbnQgaW4gYSBw
b3B1bGF0aW9uIG9mIHlvdW5nIGNoaWxkcmVuIHdpdGggc2V2ZXJlIGVhcmx5IGNoaWxkaG9vZCBj
YXJpZXM8L3RpdGxlPjxzZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+UGVkaWF0ciBEZW50PC9zZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0
bGU+PGFsdC10aXRsZT5QZWRpYXRyaWMgZGVudGlzdHJ5PC9hbHQtdGl0bGU+PC90aXRsZXM+PHBl
cmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+UGVkaWF0ciBEZW50PC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+UGVk
aWF0cmljIGRlbnRpc3RyeTwvYWJici0xPjwvcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48YWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1
bGwtdGl0bGU+UGVkaWF0ciBEZW50PC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+UGVkaWF0cmljIGRlbnRp
c3RyeTwvYWJici0xPjwvYWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PHBhZ2VzPjI1NC05PC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1l
PjI4PC92b2x1bWU+PG51bWJlcj4zPC9udW1iZXI+PGtleXdvcmRzPjxrZXl3b3JkPkJvZHkgSGVp
Z2h0PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkJvZHkgTWFzcyBJbmRleDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5C
b2R5IFdlaWdodDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5DaGlsZCwgUHJlc2Nob29sPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxr
ZXl3b3JkPkRlbnRhbCBDYXJpZXMvKmNvbXBsaWNhdGlvbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RmVt
YWxlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkZlcnJpdGlucy9ibG9vZDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5I
ZW1vZ2xvYmlucy9hbmFseXNpczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+SXJvbi9kZWZpY2llbmN5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPk1hbGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+TWFsbnV0cml0aW9uL2Jsb29kL2RpYWdub3Npcy8qZXRpb2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+U2VydW0gQWxidW1pbi9hbmFseXNpczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Ta2luZm9sZCBU
aGlja25lc3M8L2tleXdvcmQ+PC9rZXl3b3Jkcz48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+MjAwNjwveWVhcj48cHVi
LWRhdGVzPjxkYXRlPk1heS1KdW48L2RhdGU+PC9wdWItZGF0ZXM+PC9kYXRlcz48aXNibj4wMTY0
LTEyNjMgKFByaW50KSYjeEQ7MDE2NC0xMjYzIChMaW5raW5nKTwvaXNibj48YWNjZXNzaW9uLW51
bT4xNjgwNTM1ODwvYWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT48dXJscz48cmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjx1cmw+aHR0cDov
L3d3dy5uY2JpLm5sbS5uaWguZ292L3B1Ym1lZC8xNjgwNTM1ODwvdXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxz
PjwvdXJscz48L3JlY29yZD48L0NpdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5SZXNlYXJjaDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZ
ZWFyPjIwMTE8L1llYXI+PFJlY051bT4xNjwvUmVjTnVtPjxyZWNvcmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+MTY8
L3JlYy1udW1iZXI+PGZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48a2V5IGFwcD0iRU4iIGRiLWlkPSJmNWZycnQweGhz
eDkwNmV4NXQ3cDB2MDdzNTkyZDlzMHpwOWQiPjE2PC9rZXk+PC9mb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PHJlZi10
eXBlIG5hbWU9IldlYiBQYWdlIj4xMjwvcmVmLXR5cGU+PGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48
YXV0aG9yPk5hdGlvbmFsIEluc3RpdHV0ZSBvZiBEZW50YWwgYW5kIENyYW5pb2ZhY2lhbCBSZXNl
YXJjaDwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5UaGUg
U3Rvcnkgb2YgRmx1b3JpZGF0aW9uPC90aXRsZT48L3RpdGxlcz48dm9sdW1lPjIwMTM8L3ZvbHVt
ZT48bnVtYmVyPk1hcmMgMzE8L251bWJlcj48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+MjAxMTwveWVhcj48cHViLWRh
dGVzPjxkYXRlPk1hcmNoIDI1PC9kYXRlPjwvcHViLWRhdGVzPjwvZGF0ZXM+PHB1Yi1sb2NhdGlv
bj5CZXRoZXNkYSwgTUQ8L3B1Yi1sb2NhdGlvbj48cHVibGlzaGVyPk5hdGlvbmFsIEluc3RpdHV0
ZSBvZiBIZWFsdGg8L3B1Ymxpc2hlcj48dXJscz48cmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjx1cmw+aHR0cDovL3d3
dy5uaWRjci5uaWguZ292L29yYWxoZWFsdGgvdG9waWNzL2ZsdW9yaWRlL3RoZXN0b3J5b2ZmbHVv
cmlkYXRpb24uaHRtPC91cmw+PC9yZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PC91cmxzPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0ZT48
L0VuZE5vdGU+AG==
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5LYXdhc2hpdGE8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDExPC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [3, 10, 12]. Family interaction can also reduce risk for dental caries. If caregivers demonstrate an interest in cleaning children’s teeth, practicing good oral health, and limiting the exposure to sugars at sensitive times of the day, children are expected to have a better outcome than if they do not receive this attention ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Kawashita</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>21</RecNum><DisplayText>[3]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>21</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">21</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kawashita, Y.</author><author>Kitamura, M.</author><author>Saito, T.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Oral Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.</auth-address><titles><title>Early childhood caries</title><secondary-title>Int J Dent</secondary-title><alt-title>International journal of dentistry</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Int J Dent</full-title><abbr-1>International journal of dentistry</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Int J Dent</full-title><abbr-1>International journal of dentistry</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>725320</pages><volume>2011</volume><dates><year>2011</year></dates><isbn>1687-8736 (Electronic)
1687-8728 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>22007218</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;[3]. The frequency of dental visits was lower in 2010 for adults than for children ages 5-17, but both were higher than for children ages 2-4 ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>2020</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>25</RecNum><DisplayText>[6]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>25</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">25</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Web Page">12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Healthy People 2020</author></authors><secondary-authors><author>U.S. Department of Health and Human Services</author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title>Leading Health Indicators Oral Health</title><secondary-title>Oral Health</secondary-title></titles><volume>2013</volume><number>March 9</number><dates><year>2013</year></dates><pub-location>Washington D.C.</pub-location><urls><related-urls><url>;[6]. Children who are pain-free from dental caries, whether they are unaffected or have been treated for caries, have better outcomes for quality of lifePEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5LYXdhc2hpdGE8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDExPC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5LYXdhc2hpdGE8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDExPC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [3, 7, 11, 14, 24, 25].Health disparities among the socioeconomic classes and ethnic groups are noticeable in dental caries. With a limited number of practitioners who specialize in pediatric dentistry and the high cost of treating dental caries, many children are left without treatment ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Vargas</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>15</RecNum><DisplayText>[7]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>15</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">15</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Vargas, C. M.</author><author>Ronzio, C. R.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Health Promotion and Policy, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. cvargas@umaryland.edu</auth-address><titles><title>Disparities in early childhood caries</title><secondary-title>BMC Oral Health</secondary-title><alt-title>BMC oral health</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>BMC Oral Health</full-title><abbr-1>BMC oral health</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>BMC Oral Health</full-title><abbr-1>BMC oral health</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>S3</pages><volume>6 Suppl 1</volume><dates><year>2006</year></dates><isbn>1472-6831 (Electronic)
1472-6831 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>16934120</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;[7]. This leads to physical, emotional, social, and financial issues downstream, including difficulties in weight gain and nourishment, frustration, missed time for interacting and socializing with peers , and higher costs of repair and extractionPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5WYXJnYXM8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA2PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5WYXJnYXM8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA2PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [3, 7, 12, 14, 16, 25]. Some interventions, such as the ABCD program in Washington, have attempted to combat this growing problem by incentivizing dentists to take younger patients, especially if they are on Medicaid ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Foundation</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>29</RecNum><DisplayText>[7, 27]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>29</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">29</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Web Page">12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Washington Dental Service Foundation</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Access to Baby and Child Dentistry</title></titles><volume>2013</volume><number>April 1</number><dates><year>2011</year></dates><urls><related-urls><url> app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">15</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Vargas, C. M.</author><author>Ronzio, C. R.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Health Promotion and Policy, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. cvargas@umaryland.edu</auth-address><titles><title>Disparities in early childhood caries</title><secondary-title>BMC Oral Health</secondary-title><alt-title>BMC oral health</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>BMC Oral Health</full-title><abbr-1>BMC oral health</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>BMC Oral Health</full-title><abbr-1>BMC oral health</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>S3</pages><volume>6 Suppl 1</volume><dates><year>2006</year></dates><isbn>1472-6831 (Electronic)
1472-6831 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>16934120</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;[7, 27]. The ABCD program has seen nearly an eight-fold increase in those eligible for treatment ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Foundation</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>29</RecNum><DisplayText>[27]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>29</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="f5frrt0xhsx906ex5t7p0v07s592d9s0zp9d">29</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Web Page">12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Washington Dental Service Foundation</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Access to Baby and Child Dentistry</title></titles><volume>2013</volume><number>April 1</number><dates><year>2011</year></dates><urls><related-urls><url>;[27]. Other programs, such as the “Into the Mouth of Babes” program in North Carolina, have focused on training medical personnel in basic dental medicine to try to expand care and have better knowledge of preventative techniques that can be done at home, thus saving the family higher costs of repair by providing preventative care such as fluoride varnishes, dental screening, and oral care educationPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TdGVhcm5zPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMjwvWWVhcj48
UmVjTnVtPjMwPC9SZWNOdW0+PERpc3BsYXlUZXh0Pls3LCAxNl08L0Rpc3BsYXlUZXh0PjxyZWNv
cmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+MzA8L3JlYy1udW1iZXI+PGZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48a2V5IGFwcD0iRU4i
IGRiLWlkPSJmNWZycnQweGhzeDkwNmV4NXQ3cDB2MDdzNTkyZDlzMHpwOWQiPjMwPC9rZXk+PC9m
b3JlaWduLWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10eXBl
Pjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5TdGVhcm5zLCBTLiBDLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxh
dXRob3I+Um96aWVyLCBSLiBHLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+S3JhbnosIEEuIE0uPC9hdXRob3I+
PGF1dGhvcj5QYWhlbCwgQi4gVC48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlF1aW5vbmV6LCBSLiBCLjwvYXV0
aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPkRlcGFydG1lbnQgb2Yg
SGVhbHRoIFBvbGljeSBhbmQgTWFuYWdlbWVudCwgVGhlIFVuaXZlcnNpdHkgb2YgTm9ydGggQ2Fy
b2xpbmEgYXQgQ2hhcGVsIEhpbGwsIENoYXBlbCBIaWxsLCBOQyAyNzU5OSwgVVNBLiBzYWxseV9z
dGVhcm5zQHVuYy5lZHU8L2F1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5Db3N0LWVmZmVjdGl2
ZW5lc3Mgb2YgcHJldmVudGl2ZSBvcmFsIGhlYWx0aCBjYXJlIGluIG1lZGljYWwgb2ZmaWNlcyBm
b3IgeW91bmcgTWVkaWNhaWQgZW5yb2xsZWVzPC90aXRsZT48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPkFyY2gg
UGVkaWF0ciBBZG9sZXNjIE1lZDwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjxhbHQtdGl0bGU+QXJjaGl2ZXMg
b2YgcGVkaWF0cmljcyAmYW1wOyBhZG9sZXNjZW50IG1lZGljaW5lPC9hbHQtdGl0bGU+PC90aXRs
ZXM+PHBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+QXJjaCBQZWRpYXRyIEFkb2xlc2MgTWVkPC9mdWxs
LXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+QXJjaGl2ZXMgb2YgcGVkaWF0cmljcyAmYW1wOyBhZG9sZXNjZW50IG1l
ZGljaW5lPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxhbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5B
cmNoIFBlZGlhdHIgQWRvbGVzYyBNZWQ8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5BcmNoaXZlcyBvZiBw
ZWRpYXRyaWNzICZhbXA7IGFkb2xlc2NlbnQgbWVkaWNpbmU8L2FiYnItMT48L2FsdC1wZXJpb2Rp
Y2FsPjxwYWdlcz45NDUtNTE8L3BhZ2VzPjx2b2x1bWU+MTY2PC92b2x1bWU+PG51bWJlcj4xMDwv
bnVtYmVyPjxrZXl3b3Jkcz48a2V5d29yZD5DaGlsZDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5DaGlsZCwg
UHJlc2Nob29sPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNvc3QgU2F2aW5ncy8qc3RhdGlzdGljcyAmYW1w
OyBudW1lcmljYWwgZGF0YTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Db3N0LUJlbmVmaXQgQW5hbHlzaXM8
L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RGVudGFsIENhcmUgZm9yIENoaWxkcmVuLyplY29ub21pY3Mvb3Jn
YW5pemF0aW9uICZhbXA7IGFkbWluaXN0cmF0aW9uPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkRlbnRhbCBD
YXJpZXMvZWNvbm9taWNzLypwcmV2ZW50aW9uICZhbXA7IGNvbnRyb2wvdGhlcmFweTwva2V5d29y
ZD48a2V5d29yZD5GZW1hbGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Rm9sbG93LVVwIFN0dWRpZXM8L2tl
eXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+SGVhbHRoIEV4cGVuZGl0dXJlcy9zdGF0aXN0aWNzICZhbXA7IG51bWVy
aWNhbCBkYXRhPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkhvc3BpdGFsaXphdGlvbi9lY29ub21pY3M8L2tl
eXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+SHVtYW5zPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkluZmFudDwva2V5d29yZD48
a2V5d29yZD5Mb2dpc3RpYyBNb2RlbHM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TWFsZTwva2V5d29yZD48
a2V5d29yZD5NZWRpY2FpZC8qZWNvbm9taWNzL3N0YXRpc3RpY3MgJmFtcDsgbnVtZXJpY2FsIGRh
dGE8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TW9kZWxzLCBFY29ub21pYzwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5O
b3J0aCBDYXJvbGluYTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5PdXRjb21lIGFuZCBQcm9jZXNzIEFzc2Vz
c21lbnQgKEhlYWx0aCBDYXJlKTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5QcmV2ZW50aXZlIEhlYWx0aCBT
ZXJ2aWNlcy8qZWNvbm9taWNzL29yZ2FuaXphdGlvbiAmYW1wOyBhZG1pbmlzdHJhdGlvbjwva2V5
d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5QcmltYXJ5IEhlYWx0aCBDYXJlLyplY29ub21pY3M8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+UHJvZ3JhbSBFdmFsdWF0aW9uPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlByb3BlbnNpdHkgU2Nv
cmU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UmVmZXJyYWwgYW5kIENvbnN1bHRhdGlvbi9lY29ub21pY3M8
L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+VW5pdGVkIFN0YXRlczwva2V5d29yZD48L2tleXdvcmRzPjxkYXRl
cz48eWVhcj4yMDEyPC95ZWFyPjxwdWItZGF0ZXM+PGRhdGU+T2N0PC9kYXRlPjwvcHViLWRhdGVz
PjwvZGF0ZXM+PGlzYm4+MTUzOC0zNjI4IChFbGVjdHJvbmljKSYjeEQ7MTA3Mi00NzEwIChMaW5r
aW5nKTwvaXNibj48YWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT4yMjkyNjIwMzwvYWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT48dXJscz48
cmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjx1cmw+aHR0cDovL3d3dy5uY2JpLm5sbS5uaWguZ292L3B1Ym1lZC8yMjky
NjIwMzwvdXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJscz48ZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+
MTAuMTAwMS9hcmNocGVkaWF0cmljcy4yMDEyLjc5NzwvZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+
PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRlPjxDaXRlPjxBdXRob3I+VmFyZ2FzPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwNjwv
WWVhcj48UmVjTnVtPjE1PC9SZWNOdW0+PHJlY29yZD48cmVjLW51bWJlcj4xNTwvcmVjLW51bWJl
cj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9ImY1ZnJydDB4aHN4OTA2ZXg1dDdw
MHYwN3M1OTJkOXMwenA5ZCI+MTU8L2tleT48L2ZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFtZT0i
Sm91cm5hbCBBcnRpY2xlIj4xNzwvcmVmLXR5cGU+PGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0
aG9yPlZhcmdhcywgQy4gTS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlJvbnppbywgQy4gUi48L2F1dGhvcj48
L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz5EZXBhcnRtZW50IG9mIEhlYWx0
aCBQcm9tb3Rpb24gYW5kIFBvbGljeSwgVW5pdmVyc2l0eSBvZiBNYXJ5bGFuZCBEZW50YWwgU2No
b29sLCBCYWx0aW1vcmUsIE1EIDIxMjAxLCBVU0EuIGN2YXJnYXNAdW1hcnlsYW5kLmVkdTwvYXV0
aC1hZGRyZXNzPjx0aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPkRpc3Bhcml0aWVzIGluIGVhcmx5IGNoaWxkaG9vZCBj
YXJpZXM8L3RpdGxlPjxzZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+Qk1DIE9yYWwgSGVhbHRoPC9zZWNvbmRhcnkt
dGl0bGU+PGFsdC10aXRsZT5CTUMgb3JhbCBoZWFsdGg8L2FsdC10aXRsZT48L3RpdGxlcz48cGVy
aW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5CTUMgT3JhbCBIZWFsdGg8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5C
TUMgb3JhbCBoZWFsdGg8L2FiYnItMT48L3BlcmlvZGljYWw+PGFsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxs
LXRpdGxlPkJNQyBPcmFsIEhlYWx0aDwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPkJNQyBvcmFsIGhlYWx0
aDwvYWJici0xPjwvYWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PHBhZ2VzPlMzPC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjYgU3Vw
cGwgMTwvdm9sdW1lPjxkYXRlcz48eWVhcj4yMDA2PC95ZWFyPjwvZGF0ZXM+PGlzYm4+MTQ3Mi02
ODMxIChFbGVjdHJvbmljKSYjeEQ7MTQ3Mi02ODMxIChMaW5raW5nKTwvaXNibj48YWNjZXNzaW9u
LW51bT4xNjkzNDEyMDwvYWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT48dXJscz48cmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjx1cmw+aHR0
cDovL3d3dy5uY2JpLm5sbS5uaWguZ292L3B1Ym1lZC8xNjkzNDEyMDwvdXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11
cmxzPjwvdXJscz48Y3VzdG9tMj4yMTQ3NTk2PC9jdXN0b20yPjxlbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNl
LW51bT4xMC4xMTg2LzE0NzItNjgzMS02LVMxLVMzPC9lbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT48
L3JlY29yZD48L0NpdGU+PC9FbmROb3RlPgB=
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TdGVhcm5zPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMjwvWWVhcj48
UmVjTnVtPjMwPC9SZWNOdW0+PERpc3BsYXlUZXh0Pls3LCAxNl08L0Rpc3BsYXlUZXh0PjxyZWNv
cmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+MzA8L3JlYy1udW1iZXI+PGZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48a2V5IGFwcD0iRU4i
IGRiLWlkPSJmNWZycnQweGhzeDkwNmV4NXQ3cDB2MDdzNTkyZDlzMHpwOWQiPjMwPC9rZXk+PC9m
b3JlaWduLWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10eXBl
Pjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5TdGVhcm5zLCBTLiBDLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxh
dXRob3I+Um96aWVyLCBSLiBHLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+S3JhbnosIEEuIE0uPC9hdXRob3I+
PGF1dGhvcj5QYWhlbCwgQi4gVC48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlF1aW5vbmV6LCBSLiBCLjwvYXV0
aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPkRlcGFydG1lbnQgb2Yg
SGVhbHRoIFBvbGljeSBhbmQgTWFuYWdlbWVudCwgVGhlIFVuaXZlcnNpdHkgb2YgTm9ydGggQ2Fy
b2xpbmEgYXQgQ2hhcGVsIEhpbGwsIENoYXBlbCBIaWxsLCBOQyAyNzU5OSwgVVNBLiBzYWxseV9z
dGVhcm5zQHVuYy5lZHU8L2F1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5Db3N0LWVmZmVjdGl2
ZW5lc3Mgb2YgcHJldmVudGl2ZSBvcmFsIGhlYWx0aCBjYXJlIGluIG1lZGljYWwgb2ZmaWNlcyBm
b3IgeW91bmcgTWVkaWNhaWQgZW5yb2xsZWVzPC90aXRsZT48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPkFyY2gg
UGVkaWF0ciBBZG9sZXNjIE1lZDwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjxhbHQtdGl0bGU+QXJjaGl2ZXMg
b2YgcGVkaWF0cmljcyAmYW1wOyBhZG9sZXNjZW50IG1lZGljaW5lPC9hbHQtdGl0bGU+PC90aXRs
ZXM+PHBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+QXJjaCBQZWRpYXRyIEFkb2xlc2MgTWVkPC9mdWxs
LXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+QXJjaGl2ZXMgb2YgcGVkaWF0cmljcyAmYW1wOyBhZG9sZXNjZW50IG1l
ZGljaW5lPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxhbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5B
cmNoIFBlZGlhdHIgQWRvbGVzYyBNZWQ8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5BcmNoaXZlcyBvZiBw
ZWRpYXRyaWNzICZhbXA7IGFkb2xlc2NlbnQgbWVkaWNpbmU8L2FiYnItMT48L2FsdC1wZXJpb2Rp
Y2FsPjxwYWdlcz45NDUtNTE8L3BhZ2VzPjx2b2x1bWU+MTY2PC92b2x1bWU+PG51bWJlcj4xMDwv
bnVtYmVyPjxrZXl3b3Jkcz48a2V5d29yZD5DaGlsZDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5DaGlsZCwg
UHJlc2Nob29sPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNvc3QgU2F2aW5ncy8qc3RhdGlzdGljcyAmYW1w
OyBudW1lcmljYWwgZGF0YTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Db3N0LUJlbmVmaXQgQW5hbHlzaXM8
L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RGVudGFsIENhcmUgZm9yIENoaWxkcmVuLyplY29ub21pY3Mvb3Jn
YW5pemF0aW9uICZhbXA7IGFkbWluaXN0cmF0aW9uPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkRlbnRhbCBD
YXJpZXMvZWNvbm9taWNzLypwcmV2ZW50aW9uICZhbXA7IGNvbnRyb2wvdGhlcmFweTwva2V5d29y
ZD48a2V5d29yZD5GZW1hbGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Rm9sbG93LVVwIFN0dWRpZXM8L2tl
eXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+SGVhbHRoIEV4cGVuZGl0dXJlcy9zdGF0aXN0aWNzICZhbXA7IG51bWVy
aWNhbCBkYXRhPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkhvc3BpdGFsaXphdGlvbi9lY29ub21pY3M8L2tl
eXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+SHVtYW5zPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkluZmFudDwva2V5d29yZD48
a2V5d29yZD5Mb2dpc3RpYyBNb2RlbHM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TWFsZTwva2V5d29yZD48
a2V5d29yZD5NZWRpY2FpZC8qZWNvbm9taWNzL3N0YXRpc3RpY3MgJmFtcDsgbnVtZXJpY2FsIGRh
dGE8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TW9kZWxzLCBFY29ub21pYzwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5O
b3J0aCBDYXJvbGluYTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5PdXRjb21lIGFuZCBQcm9jZXNzIEFzc2Vz
c21lbnQgKEhlYWx0aCBDYXJlKTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5QcmV2ZW50aXZlIEhlYWx0aCBT
ZXJ2aWNlcy8qZWNvbm9taWNzL29yZ2FuaXphdGlvbiAmYW1wOyBhZG1pbmlzdHJhdGlvbjwva2V5
d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5QcmltYXJ5IEhlYWx0aCBDYXJlLyplY29ub21pY3M8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+UHJvZ3JhbSBFdmFsdWF0aW9uPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlByb3BlbnNpdHkgU2Nv
cmU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UmVmZXJyYWwgYW5kIENvbnN1bHRhdGlvbi9lY29ub21pY3M8
L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+VW5pdGVkIFN0YXRlczwva2V5d29yZD48L2tleXdvcmRzPjxkYXRl
cz48eWVhcj4yMDEyPC95ZWFyPjxwdWItZGF0ZXM+PGRhdGU+T2N0PC9kYXRlPjwvcHViLWRhdGVz
PjwvZGF0ZXM+PGlzYm4+MTUzOC0zNjI4IChFbGVjdHJvbmljKSYjeEQ7MTA3Mi00NzEwIChMaW5r
aW5nKTwvaXNibj48YWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT4yMjkyNjIwMzwvYWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT48dXJscz48
cmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjx1cmw+aHR0cDovL3d3dy5uY2JpLm5sbS5uaWguZ292L3B1Ym1lZC8yMjky
NjIwMzwvdXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJscz48ZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+
MTAuMTAwMS9hcmNocGVkaWF0cmljcy4yMDEyLjc5NzwvZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+
PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRlPjxDaXRlPjxBdXRob3I+VmFyZ2FzPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwNjwv
WWVhcj48UmVjTnVtPjE1PC9SZWNOdW0+PHJlY29yZD48cmVjLW51bWJlcj4xNTwvcmVjLW51bWJl
cj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9ImY1ZnJydDB4aHN4OTA2ZXg1dDdw
MHYwN3M1OTJkOXMwenA5ZCI+MTU8L2tleT48L2ZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFtZT0i
Sm91cm5hbCBBcnRpY2xlIj4xNzwvcmVmLXR5cGU+PGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0
aG9yPlZhcmdhcywgQy4gTS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlJvbnppbywgQy4gUi48L2F1dGhvcj48
L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz5EZXBhcnRtZW50IG9mIEhlYWx0
aCBQcm9tb3Rpb24gYW5kIFBvbGljeSwgVW5pdmVyc2l0eSBvZiBNYXJ5bGFuZCBEZW50YWwgU2No
b29sLCBCYWx0aW1vcmUsIE1EIDIxMjAxLCBVU0EuIGN2YXJnYXNAdW1hcnlsYW5kLmVkdTwvYXV0
aC1hZGRyZXNzPjx0aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPkRpc3Bhcml0aWVzIGluIGVhcmx5IGNoaWxkaG9vZCBj
YXJpZXM8L3RpdGxlPjxzZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+Qk1DIE9yYWwgSGVhbHRoPC9zZWNvbmRhcnkt
dGl0bGU+PGFsdC10aXRsZT5CTUMgb3JhbCBoZWFsdGg8L2FsdC10aXRsZT48L3RpdGxlcz48cGVy
aW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5CTUMgT3JhbCBIZWFsdGg8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5C
TUMgb3JhbCBoZWFsdGg8L2FiYnItMT48L3BlcmlvZGljYWw+PGFsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxs
LXRpdGxlPkJNQyBPcmFsIEhlYWx0aDwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPkJNQyBvcmFsIGhlYWx0
aDwvYWJici0xPjwvYWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PHBhZ2VzPlMzPC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjYgU3Vw
cGwgMTwvdm9sdW1lPjxkYXRlcz48eWVhcj4yMDA2PC95ZWFyPjwvZGF0ZXM+PGlzYm4+MTQ3Mi02
ODMxIChFbGVjdHJvbmljKSYjeEQ7MTQ3Mi02ODMxIChMaW5raW5nKTwvaXNibj48YWNjZXNzaW9u
LW51bT4xNjkzNDEyMDwvYWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT48dXJscz48cmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjx1cmw+aHR0
cDovL3d3dy5uY2JpLm5sbS5uaWguZ292L3B1Ym1lZC8xNjkzNDEyMDwvdXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11
cmxzPjwvdXJscz48Y3VzdG9tMj4yMTQ3NTk2PC9jdXN0b20yPjxlbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNl
LW51bT4xMC4xMTg2LzE0NzItNjgzMS02LVMxLVMzPC9lbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT48
L3JlY29yZD48L0NpdGU+PC9FbmROb3RlPgB=
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [7, 16].After working on COHRA2, I realize that communication should be a major focus in the infrastructure in any research or intervention programs. Numbers such as prevalence of dental caries by age, amount of pediatric dentists in a particular area, and socioeconomic status are all quantifiable. They can be obtained and be analyzed without community input. Programs such as ABCD and “Into the Mouth of Babes” could be beneficial to the population of Appalachia, but might be difficult to implement when dealing with different states and not knowing the perceptions and health beliefs of those in the target audience. Communicating with the population that would be receiving the treatment and involving them in the formation of the intervention is a good way to increase the acceptance and success of the program. With this type of input, a modified program containing parts of both the ABCD and “Into the Mouth of Babes” could reduce the prevalence of childhood caries and improve the lives of more than a quarter of children of Appalachia.bibliography ADDIN EN.REFLIST 1.Affairs, C.o.C. Definition of Early Childhood Caries. 2003 2008 [cited 3013 March 19]; Available from: , N.I.o.D.a.C. Dental Caries (Tooth Decay) in Children (Age 2 to 11). 2011 March 25, 2011 [cited 2013 March 19]; Available from: , Y., M. Kitamura, and T. Saito, Early childhood caries. Int J Dent, 2011. 2011: p. 725320.4.2020, H.P. Oral Health Across the Life Stages. Oral Health 2013 February 22, 2013 [cited 2013 March 19]; Available from: , A.D. Tooth eruption The primary teeth. 2005 [cited 2013 April 1]; Available from: , H.P. Leading Health Indicators Oral Health. Oral Health 2013 [cited 2013 March 9]; Available from: , C.M. and C.R. Ronzio, Disparities in early childhood caries. BMC Oral Health, 2006. 6 Suppl 1: p. S3.8.Wang, X., et al., Genetic and environmental factors associated with dental caries in children: the Iowa Fluoride Study. Caries Res, 2012. 46(3): p. 177-84.9.Tannure, P.N., et al., MMP13 polymorphism decreases risk for dental caries. Caries Res, 2012. 46(4): p. 401-7.10.Research, N.I.o.D.a.C. The Story of Fluoridation. 2011 March 25 [cited 2013 Marc 31]; Available from: , C.A., et al., Diet and caries-associated bacteria in severe early childhood caries. J Dent Res, 2010. 89(11): p. 1224-9.12.Clarke, M., et al., Malnourishment in a population of young children with severe early childhood caries. Pediatr Dent, 2006. 28(3): p. 254-9.13.Cunnion, D.T., et al., Pediatric oral health-related quality of life improvement after treatment of early childhood caries: a prospective multisite study. J Dent Child (Chic), 2010. 77(1): p. 4-11.14.Sheiham, A., Dental caries affects body weight, growth and quality of life in pre-school children. Br Dent J, 2006. 201(10): p. 625-6.15.Control, C.f.D. After 60 Years of Success in Fighting Dental Decay, Water Fluoridation is Still Lacking in Many Communities. Division of Oral Health 2009 [cited 2013 April 1]; Available from: , S.C., et al., Cost-effectiveness of preventive oral health care in medical offices for young Medicaid enrollees. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 2012. 166(10): p. 945-51.17.Featherstone, J.D.B., The Continuum of Dental Caries- Evidence for a Dynamic Disease Process. Journal of Dental Research, 2004. 83: p. C39-C42.18.Prevention, C.f.D.C.a. Community Water Fluoridation. 2012 [cited 2013 April 28]; Available from: fluoridation/index.htm.19.Institute, N.C. National Cancer Institute Fact Sheet. [cited 2013 April 28]; Available from: cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/fluoridated-water.20.Shaffer, J.R., et al., Genome-wide association scan for childhood caries implicates novel genes. J Dent Res, 2011. 90(12): p. 1457-62.21.Medicine, U.S.N.L.o. EDARADD EDAR-associated death domain [ Homo sapiens (human) ]. 2013 [cited 2013 April 13]; Available from: , A.D. Pediatric Journal Highlights Need for Translational Research, Medical-Dental Collaboration to Improve Children's Oral Health. 2009 [cited 2013 April 1]; Available from: , A.A.o.P. Get It Done In Year One. 2010 [cited 2013 April 9]; Available from: , M., et al., The fate of the carious primary teeth of children who regularly attend the general dental service. Br Dent J, 2002. 192(4): p. 219-23.25.Tickle, M., A.S. Blinkhorn, and K.M. Milsom, The occurrence of dental pain and extractions over a 3-year period in a cohort of children aged 3-6 years. J Public Health Dent, 2008. 68(2): p. 63-9.26.Reynolds, E.C., Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate: the scientific evidence. Adv Dent Res, 2009. 21(1): p. 25-9.27.Foundation, W.D.S. Access to Baby and Child Dentistry. 2011 [cited 2013 April 1]; Available from: , D.E., et al., Study protocol of the Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia (COHRA) etiology study. BMC Oral Health, 2008. 8: p. 18.29.Polk, D.E., COHRA1 Question, D. Cawley, Editor 2013. p. 1. ................
................
In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.
To fulfill the demand for quickly locating and searching documents.
It is intelligent file search solution for home and business.
Related searches
- welcome to 2nd grade printable
- welcome to relias training course
- welcome to people s bank online
- welcome to city of new haven ct
- welcome to njmcdirect
- welcome to the team letter
- welcome to school songs preschool
- welcome to this place song
- welcome to this place
- welcome to gmail email
- open house welcome to parents
- welcome to patient portal