Chapter 5



Chapter 5 - How well do Canada’s immigration laws and policies respond to immigration issues?

Name: ____________________________ HR: _____________

Conduct a survey in your class to determine:

• how many classmates are immigrants to Canada

• how many parents are immigrants to Canada

• where people came from

• why their family came to Canada

• pushed

• pulled

Class Immigration Survey

|Student Name |Is the student an |Are the student’s parents |Country of Origin? |Reason to come to Canada? |Push or Pull? |

| |immigrant? |immigrants? | | | |

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Predict why Canada has encouraged immigrants both in the past and present times.

Complete the following chart that shows challenges and opportunities immigration may create in Canada:

Challenges Opportunities

Issue 1: What criteria does Canada use when accepting immigrants and refugees?

1. Examine Canada’s Oath of Allegiance:

I, ……………, do Solemnly swear (affirm) that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second, Queen of Canada, Her Heirs and Successors according to law, forever. So help me God.

What does this tell you about the type of society Canada initially sought to create?

On Jan. 1, 1947, the Canadian Citizenship Act came into effect and Canadians finally became "Canadian citizens." Prior to this time Canadians were considered subjects of Britain. How do you think being a subject differs from being a citizen?

2. In 2002, Canada passed the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act. (pg 167)

• Describe the objectives of this Act

• What values are reflected in these objectives?

• State and describe the 4 categories of immigrants to Canada.

3. Go to

Find the top 5 countries from 1991 – 1995. List their number of immigrants to Canada in a spread sheet. Then list the number of immigrants from this country in 2001 – 2006. Create a bar graph comparing the 2 numbers. Then state reasons why you think there is an increase or decrease for these groups.

4. Citizenship and Immigration Canada are responsible for putting legislation into practice. Their 2006 - 2007 Plans and Priorities are found on page 168. Use this document to:

• determine the issues affecting immigration:

• determine how their plans will meet the needs of Canadians.

Critical challenge: From StatsCanada

On Tuesday, the Stats Canada reported that the total fertility rate in Canada has declined for a third year in a row, falling to just 1.61 children per woman in 2011. And while that represents an increase over a decade prior, when the rate plummeted to a historic low of 1.51, it’s nonetheless consistent with the long-term trend of multiple children becoming a rarer phenomenon. In fact, Statistics Canada shows we haven’t met the population replacement level of roughly 2.1 children per woman since 1971. “This isn’t an issue of anyone trying to force people to have kids who don’t want to have them. But it is a long-term concern,” said Derek Miedema, a researcher with the Institute of Marriage and Family Canada. “As the baby boomers retire, we’re not going to have enough people coming into the workforce to pay taxes to support our social safety net.”

Note: the estimated fertility rate in 2014 is 1.59.

Source: ‘Domestic dream’ of 2.5 children per woman long gone as fertility rate declines for third year in row. Misty Harris, Postmedia News, July 9, 2013

What economic, cultural, security and political challenges does this create for Canada?

5. Examine the following Point System Chart for immigration into Canada.

EDUCATION SCORE

PhD or Master's and at least 17 years of full-time equivalent study 25 Points

PhD or Master's and less than 17 years of full-time study 22 Points

Two or more university degrees at the bachelor's level and 22 Points

at least 15 years of full-time equivalent study

Two to four-year university degree and at least 14 years of full time equivalent study 20 Points

One-year university degree and at least 13 years of full-time equivalent study 15 Points

Three-year diploma, trade certificate of apprenticeship and at least 15 years 22 Points

of full-time equivalent study

Two-year diploma, trade certificate of apprenticeship and at least 14 years 20 Points

of full-time equivalent study

One-year diploma, trade certificate of apprenticeship and at least 13 years 15 Points

of full-time equivalent study

One-year diploma, trade certificate of apprenticeship and at least 12 years 12 Points

of full-time equivalent study

Secondary School Educational Credential 5 Points

25 (Max)

LANGUAGE

First Language per ability (Speaking, Listening, Reading, and Writing)

High proficiency (per ability): 4 Points

Moderate proficiency (per ability): 2 Points

Basic proficiency (per ability): 1 (max 2)

No proficiency: 0 Points

Second Language per ability (Speaking, Listening, Reading, and Writing)

High proficiency (per ability): 2 Points

Moderate proficiency (per ability): 2 Points

Basic proficiency (per ability): 1 (max 2)

No proficiency: 0 Points

WORK EXPERIENCE AGE

One year 15 Points 21 to 49 years old 10 Points

Two years 17 Points Less 2 points for each year over 49 years old

Three years 19 Points or under 21 years old 10 (max)

Four years 21 Points

21 (max)

ARRANGED EMPLOYMENT IN CANADA

Postgraduate work permit, or Arranged Employment Opinion 10 Points

ADAPTABILITY

Educational credentials for a spouse/common-law partner

- a spouse/common-law partner who would be awarded 25 points 5 Points

- a spouse/common-law partner who would be awarded 20 or 22 points 4 Points

- a spouse/common-law partner who would be awarded 12 or 15 points 3 Points

Minimum one year of full-time authorized work in Canada 5 Points

Minimum two years of full-time authorized post-secondary study in Canada 5 Points

Points received under the Arranged Employment Factor 5 Points

Family relationship in Canada 5 Points

10 (max)

The current passing point is 67 points out of 100 points.

a. Determine the number of points your parent/guardian would receive if they applied to immigrate to Canada.

b. What sort of immigrant does this point system encourage? Based on what you remember from grade 7 social studies (and page 173), compare this with the sort of immigrants Canada encouraged prior to 1910.

c. Who is excluded from this point system? (pg 172)

6. How does immigration improve the quality of life of immigrants (Read the story on page 174).

7. What are the objectives of Canada’s refugee program? (pg 177)

8. What issues might arise from Canada’s refugee policy?

9. In contemporary times, security concerns play an important part in immigration decisions. Read the two documents on page 179. How have security concerns impacted immigration policies?

Issue 2: How do the individual and collective rights of Canadians influence immigration laws and policies?

10. How did the Singh decision reflect a development in individual rights? (pg 181)

11. What is a refugee? What do you think is the central criteria for determining if a person is a legitimate refugee?

Critical challenge:

There have been many cases where people claim refugee status only to have the government reject their claim. At times these people take drastic action to avoid removal from Canada. Research one of the following people and determine whether you think they should be granted refugee status based on the central criteria you stated above:

• Hassan Raza • Amir Kazemian •Alvaro Orozco

• Alexi Portnoy • Ololade Labiyi

• Any of the American war resisters currently in Canada (use )

Write a paragraph (minimum 100 words) explaining the background to the case and whether you think they are legitimate refugees. Ensure you explain how your decision relates to your central criteria. Submit for marks.

12. Summarize the perspectives on the Singh decision. (pg 182)

Singh Decision

13. What might First Nations say about immigration? (pg 183 - 184)

First Nations perspective on Immigration

14. Read the comments of Frank McMahon and Paulin Mulatris on page 185. How are their comments:

• similar -

• different -

Issue 3: How do provinces influence immigration laws and policies?

15. State the 3 ways provinces can influence immigration policies. (pg 189)

16. If you were responsible for determining immigration policies for Alberta, what areas would you recommend the federal government target? Use the chart on page 190 to help you make your decision.

17. How has Quebec been able to influence immigration? (pg 191)

18. Who benefits most from the Canada - Quebec Accord?

Reflecting on your learning

The following questions summarize the objects of this chapter. See how detailed you can answer each question.

1. Can you name the ways each of the following influence immigration policies in Canada (i.e.,

• Economic • Political

• Health • Security

2. Can you describe how changes to Canadian policies on immigration and refugees are a reflection of world issues?

3.

4. Can you explain the impact increasing immigration have on Aboriginal peoples and communities?

5. Can you describe how provincial governments able to influence and implement immigration policies?

6. In what way does the implementation of immigration policies in Québec attempt to strengthen the French language in North America?

7. What is the relationship between immigration policies in Canada and the rights guaranteed in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms?

I used to think that immigration mainly impacted Canada by:

Now, I think that immigration impacts Canada by:

Terminology

Immigration

Emigration

Economic Class immigrants

Family Class immigrants

Point System

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