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SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATIONTaxonomy of Platypterygius campylodon and the diversity of the last ichthyosaursValentin FischerEvolution and Diversity Dynamics Lab, UR Geology, Université de Liège, Quartier Agora, 14 Allée du 6 Ao?t, 4000 Liège, Belgiumv.fischer@ulg.ac.beSUPPLEMENTARY PICTURES OF THE SYNTYPIC SERIES OF ICHTHYOSAURUS CAMPYLODON CARTER 1846Figure S.1. CAMSM B20644, with labels mentioning publications discussing or figuring this specimen, as well as the “Presented by J. Carter Esq. F.G.S.”, found in presumably all specimens from his collection and used in his description of Ichthyosaurus campylodon.Figure S.2. CAMSM B20659, the selected lectotype of Pervushovisaurus campylodon. with labels mentioning publications discussing or figuring this specimen, as well as the “Presented by J. Carter Esq. F.G.S.”, found in presumably all specimens from his collection and used in his description of Ichthyosaurus campylodon.ECOLOGICAL DATA FOR CLUSTER DENDROGRAM ANALYSISData sourcesTooth sizeCrown shapeCrown relative sizeSymphysisSnout depthSclerotic apertureWearOphthalmosaurus_icenicusHM V1129 ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Kirton", "given" : "Angela M", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "genre" : "Thesis", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "1983" ] ] }, "number-of-pages" : "239", "publisher" : "University of Newcastle upon Tyne", "publisher-place" : "Newcastle upon Tyne", "title" : "A review of British Upper Jurassic ichthyosaurs", "type" : "thesis", "volume" : "Ph.D. diss" }, "uris" : [ "" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Kirton, 1983)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Kirton, 1983)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Kirton, 1983)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "" }(Kirton, 1983)37.31.660.1653.050.5471.1NAOphthalmosaurus_natansADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Gilmore", "given" : "Charles W", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum", "genre" : "Journal Article", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issue" : "2", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "1905" ] ] }, "page" : "77\u2013129", "title" : "Osteology of <i>Baptanodon</i> (Marsh)", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "II" }, "uris" : [ "" ] }, { "id" : "ITEM-2", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "McGowan", "given" : "Christopher", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences", "genre" : "Journal Article", "id" : "ITEM-2", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "1976" ] ] }, "page" : "668\u2013683", "title" : "The description and phenetic relationships of a new ichthyosaur genus from the Upper Jurassic of England", "title-short" : "The description and phenetic relationships of a ne", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "13" }, "uris" : [ "" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Gilmore, 1905; 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(*=RGHP LA 1)26*1.4*NANA0.6232.761.5*Sveltonectes_insolitusIRSNB R129192.860.1250.60.4734.41.2Simbirskiasaurus_birjukoviYKM 65119NA1.910.26NANANA2Platypterygius_australisADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Kear", "given" : "Benjamin P", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Boles", "given" : "Walter E", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Smith", "given" : "Elizabeth T", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B Biological Sciences", "genre" : "Journal Article", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2003" ] ] }, "page" : "S206\u2013S208", "title" : "Unusual gut contents in a Cretaceous ichthyosaur", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "270" }, "uris" : [ "" ] }, { "id" : "ITEM-2", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Kear", "given" : "Benjamin P", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society", "genre" : "Journal Article", "id" : "ITEM-2", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2005" ] ] }, "page" : "583\u2013622", "title" : "Cranial morphology of <i>Platypterygius longmani </i>Wade, 1990 (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from the Lower Cretaceous of Australia", "title-short" : "Cranial morphology of Platypterygius longmani Wade", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "145" }, "uris" : [ "" ] }, { "id" : "ITEM-3", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Wade", "given" : "Mary", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Memoirs of the Queensland Museum", "genre" : "Journal Article", "id" : "ITEM-3", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "1990" ] ] }, "page" : "115\u2013137", "title" : "A review of the Australian Cretaceous longipinnate ichthyosaur <i>Platypterygius</i> (Ichthyosauria, Ichthyopterygia)", "title-short" : "A review of the Australian Cretaceous longipinnate", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "28" }, "uris" : [ "" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Wade, 1990; 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Aus", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "29" }, "uris" : [ "" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Kuhn, 1946)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Kuhn, 1946)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Kuhn, 1946)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "" }(Kuhn, 1946); MNHN2010501.510.22NANANANAPlatypterygius_americanusUW 2421 (ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Romer", "given" : "Alfred Sherwood", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Contributions to Geology, Wyoming University", "genre" : "Journal Article", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issue" : "1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "1968" ] ] }, "page" : "27\u201341", "title" : "An ichthyosaur skull from the Cretaceous of Wyoming", "title-short" : "An ichthyosaur skull from the Cretaceous of Wyomin", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "7" }, "uris" : [ "" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Romer, 1968)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Romer, 1968)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Romer, 1968)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "" }(Romer, 1968) and photographs)NA1.630.2350.80.4351NAPlatypterygius_sachicarumDON-19671 (ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Paramo", "given" : "Maria Euridice", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Revista Ingeominas", "genre" : "Journal Article", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "1997" ] ] }, "page" : "1\u201312", "title" : "<i>Platypterygius sachicarum</i> (Reptilia, Ichthyosauria) nueva especie del Cret\u00e1cio de Colombia", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "6" }, "uris" : [ "" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Paramo, 1997)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Paramo, 1997)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Paramo, 1997)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "" }(Paramo, 1997) and photographs)401.53NANA0.49NA2.3Sisteronia_seeleyiCAMSM TN1779; RGHP SI2 (*)33.81.750.2NANANA1.7*Platypterygius_sp_FrRGHP PR1551.91NANANANA2.4Pervushovisaurus_campylodonCAMSM B20644; CAMSM B20671a (*)64.81.50NANANANA2.5*The values are rounded to the nearest % for visual purposes; the precise values can be found in attached text file “ecodata_mod2.txt”.Note on tooth wear quantificationI used articulated rostra to count the relative occurrence of three stages of wear that I defined qualitatively as follows ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "DOI" : "10.1038/ncomms10825", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Fischer", "given" : "Valentin", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Bardet", "given" : "Nathalie", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Benson", "given" : "Roger B.J.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Arkhangelsky", "given" : "Maxim S", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Friedman", "given" : "Matt", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Nature communications", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issue" : "10825", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2016" ] ] }, "page" : "1\u201311", "title" : "Extinction of fish-shaped marine reptiles associated with reduced evolutionary rates and global environmental volatility", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "7" }, "label" : "volume", "prefix" : "as in ", "uris" : [ "" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(as in Fischer et al., 2016)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(as in Fischer et al., 2016)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(as in Fischer et al., 2016)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "" }(as in Fischer et al., 2016): (i) no wear, the crown apex is pointed and still possesses its enamel microtexture; (ii) slight wear, the crown apex is rounded and the microtexture of the enamel is lost; (iii) intense wear, the crown apex is broken and/or spalled and this section is polished and smoothed by further food processing, so that we are confident this feature is not diagenetic or due to preparation damage. We gave a weight to each category (1, 2, 3 respectively) and quantified wear as the relative proportion of each wear stage multiplied by its weight.Ecological metrics employedAbsolute tooth sizeMid-rostrum tooth, total apico-basal sizeIn mm; e.g. 55Crown shape ratioCrown apicobasal height divided by crown basal diameter (at the base of enamel covering)E.g. 1.65Crown relative sizeCrown apicobasal height divided by basioccipital diameter (which is a good proxy for intraquadrate length/gullet size)E.g. 0.304Relative symphysial lengthSymphysis length divided by mandible lengthIn %, e.g. 41Relative snout depth ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "McGowan", "given" : "Christopher", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences", "genre" : "Journal Article", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "1976" ] ] }, "page" : "668\u2013683", "title" : "The description and phenetic relationships of a new ichthyosaur genus from the Upper Jurassic of England", "title-short" : "The description and phenetic relationships of a ne", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "13" }, "uris" : [ "" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(McGowan, 1976)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(McGowan, 1976)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(McGowan, 1976)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "" }(McGowan, 1976)Snout depth at midpoint divided by jaw lengthE.g. 0.484Absolute sclerotic apertureDiameter of the aperture (=inner opening) of the sclerotic ringIn mm; e.g. 31.5Tooth wearAssign a weight to each wear stage of each functional (=fully erupted) crown (see comment above)Value is the sum of % of each stage; e.g. 0.5*1+025*2+0.25*3=1.75CLUSTER DENDROGRAM WITH 50% COMPLETENESS THRESHOLDFigure S.3. Cluster dendrogram resulting from the analysis of the updated ecological data set, after applying a 50% completeness threshold on the raw data. The three main guilds remain present, but ‘Platypterygius’ americanus and ‘Platypterygius’ hercynicus form a clade within the Apex Predator guild, as in Fischer et al. 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Approximate unbiased P-values (red) and bootstrap values (green) are indicated at each node. SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCESADDIN Mendeley Bibliography CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Bardet N., Fernández M. 2000. A new ichthyosaur from the Upper Jurassic lithographic limestones of Bavaria. Journal of Paleontology 74:503–511.Broili F. 1908. Ichthyosaurierreste aus der Kriede. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Pal?ontologie. Beilage 25:422–442.Fernández M., Talevi M. 2014. Ophthalmosaurian (Ichthyosauria) records from the Aalenian–Bajocian of Patagonia (Argentina): an overview. Geological Magazine 151:49–59. DOI: 10.1017/S0016756813000058.Fischer V., Maisch MW., Naish D., Kosma R., Liston J., Joger U., Krüger FJ., Pérez JP., Tainsh J. 2012. New ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaurs from the European Lower Cretaceous demonstrate extensive ichthyosaur survival across the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary. PLoS ONE 7:e29234. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029234.Fischer V., Bardet N., Benson RBJ., Arkhangelsky MS., Friedman M. 2016. Extinction of fish-shaped marine reptiles associated with reduced evolutionary rates and global environmental volatility. Nature communications 7:1–11. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10825.Gilmore CW. 1905. Osteology of Baptanodon (Marsh). Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum II:77–129.Kear BP. 2005. Cranial morphology of Platypterygius longmani Wade, 1990 (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from the Lower Cretaceous of Australia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 145:583–622.Kear BP., Boles WE., Smith ET. 2003. Unusual gut contents in a Cretaceous ichthyosaur. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B Biological Sciences 270:S206–S208.Kirton AM. 1983. A review of British Upper Jurassic ichthyosaurs. Thesis Thesis. Newcastle upon Tyne: University of Newcastle upon Tyne.Kuhn O. 1946. Ein skelett von Ichthyosaurus hercynicus n. sp. aus dem Aptien von Gitter. Berichte der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Bamberg 29:69–82.McGowan C. 1976. The description and phenetic relationships of a new ichthyosaur genus from the Upper Jurassic of England. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 13:668–683.Paramo ME. 1997. Platypterygius sachicarum (Reptilia, Ichthyosauria) nueva especie del Cretácio de Colombia. Revista Ingeominas 6:1–12.Romer AS. 1968. An ichthyosaur skull from the Cretaceous of Wyoming. Contributions to Geology, Wyoming University 7:27–41.Wade M. 1990. A review of the Australian Cretaceous longipinnate ichthyosaur Platypterygius (Ichthyosauria, Ichthyopterygia). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 28:115–137. ................
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