A field guide for identification and scoring methods of diseases in the ...

[Pages:186]A field guide for identification and scoring methods of diseases in the mountain crops of Nepal

Hira Kaji Manandhar, Ram Devi Timila, Sarala Sharma, Sharada Joshi, Shrinkhala Manandhar, Suk Bahadur Gurung, Sajal Sthapit, Epsha Palikhey, Anju Pandey, Bal Krishna Joshi, Gyanu Manandhar, Devendra Gauchan, Devra Ivy Jarvis and Bhuwon Ratna Sthapit

Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SDC

A field guide for identification and scoring methods of diseases in the mountain crops of Nepal

This publication is prepared by the UNEP/GEF supported project Integrating Traditional Crop Genetic Diversity into Technology: Using a Biodiversity Portfolio Approach to Buffer against Unpredictable Environmental Change in the Nepal Himalayas . The project is coordinated by the Bioversity International in collaboration with Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC), Department of Agriculture (DoA) and Local Initiatives for Biodiversity, Research and Development (LI-BIRD).

Bioversity International is a global research-for-development organization. We deliver scienti c evidence, management practices and policy options to use and safeguard agricultural and tree biodiversity to attain sustainable global food and nutrition security. We work with partners in low-income countries where agricultural and tree biodiversity can contribute to improved nutrition, resilience, productivity and climate change adaptation.

Bioversity International is a member of the CGIAR Consortium, a global research partnership for a food-secure future.



Published By Bioversiy International 93.4 Dharahara Marg, Fulbari-11 Pokhara, Nepal

ISBN 978-92-9255-052-3

? Bioversity International 2016

Bioversity Headquarters Via dei Tre Denari 472/a 00057 Maccarese, Rome, Italy Tel. (39-06) 61181 Fax. (39-06) 61979661 bioversity@

Citation: Manandhar, H.K., Timila, R.D., Sharma, S., Joshi, S., Manandhar, S., Gurung, S.B., Sthapit, S., Palikhey, E., Pandey, A., Joshi, B.K., Manandhar, G., Gauchan, D., Jarvis, D.I. and Sthapit, B.R. 2016. A eld guide for identi cation and scoring methods of diseases in the mountain crops of Nepal. NARC, DoA, LI-BIRD and Bioversity International, Nepal.

Cover photos: H.K. Manandhar, S.B. Gurung, A.R. Adhikari

Cover and interior design: Amrit Gurung

A field guide for identification and scoring methods of diseases in the mountain crops of Nepal

Prepared by: Hira Kaji Manandhar, Ram Devi Timila, Sarala Sharma, Sharada Joshi, Shrinkhala Manandhar, Suk Bahadur Gurung, Sajal Sthapit, Epsha Palikhey, Anju Pandey, Bal Krishna Joshi, Gyanu Manandhar, Devendra Gauchan, Devra Ivy Jarvis and Bhuwon Ratna Sthapit Reviewed by: Timothy Daniel Murray, Washington State University, Pullman, USA

Acknowledgements

The preparation of this guide would not have been possible without the cooperation and support of several people, including: Mr. Ratna Upadhyaya, Ms. Srijana Poudel and Ms. Damali Sherpa at the project site in Jumla; Mr. Nawa Raj Bhatta at the Agriculture Research Station of NARC, Jumla; Mr. Anish Subedi and his group, including Ms. Hira Devi Hamal and Ms. Bimala Singh Shahi, at the project site in Humla; and Ms. Rita Gurung, Mr. Sriram Subedi and Mr. Ajay Gurung at the project site in Lamjung.

Special thanks and appreciations are given to Professor Timothy Daniel Murray, Washington State University, USA, for his contribution to the reviewing and editing of this guide. Prof. Murray's thorough corrections have made this guide more practical. Additionally we would like to recognise Ms Rose Nankya, Bioversity-Uganda and Dr. Giovanna Plata, PROINPABolivia, for going through the draft and providing their valuable comments and suggestions.

Sincere thanks are due to Ms. Deepa Singh Shrestha at the Gene Bank, NARC for her contribution to the section on bean diseases.

Mrs. Richa Gurung and Mr. Alexander Byrnes, BioversityNepal; and Mr. Safal Khatiwada at the GEF project of ce, Gene Bank are greatly acknowledged for their kind cooperation, support and facilitation during the preparation of this guide. Mr. Amrit Gurung is gratefully acknowledged for his excellent cover and guide design.

Contents

About the Guide ................................................................................... 9

Diversity and Disease Damage Methodology ........................... 11

Amaranth Diseases ........................................................................ 27 Anthracnose ................................................................................ 29 Cercospora leaf spot ................................................................. 30 Rhizoctonia blight ..................................................................... 31 Wet rot ......................................................................................... 33 White rust ................................................................................... 34 Collar rot ..................................................................................... 36

Barley Diseases ............................................................................... 39 Stripe rust .................................................................................... 41 Stem rust ...................................................................................... 43 Leaf rust ...................................................................................... 45 Barley stripe ............................................................................... 47 Powdery mildew ...................................................................... 49 Spot blotch .................................................................................. 52 Net blotch ................................................................................... 56 Scald .......................................................................................... 59 Loose smut ................................................................................. 63 Covered smut ............................................................................ 64

Bean Diseases ................................................................................. 69 Root rot ....................................................................................... 71 Anthracnose ............................................................................... 74 Angular leaf spot ....................................................................... 77 Rust .............................................................................................. 79 White mold ................................................................................. 81 Web blight .................................................................................. 83 Common bacterial blight ........................................................ 85 Halo blight .................................................................................. 87 Bean yellow mosaic .................................................................. 89 Bean common mosaic ............................................................. 90

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