Chapter 22 – Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View ...



Chapter 22 – Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

1. What were the two major points made in The Origin of Species? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What was the contribution of Carolus Linnaeus to the evolutionary theories? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. How did the study of fossils help Darwin shape his theories? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. How did geological gradualism and uniformitarianism influence Darwin? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Identify the principles of Lamarck’s theory of evolution. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. How did the observations during his voyage on the Beagle influence Darwin’s theories? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Why were the Galapagos Islands so important to Darwin’s observations? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. What are the elements for the formation of new species? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. What is the driving force behind the evolution of the 14 species of finches on the Galapagos? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10. Define descent with modification: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

11. How does the “tree analogy” represent the evolutionary relationships of creatures? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

12. Summarize the observations and inferences recognized as the backbone of evolution by natural selection (text page 458 – yellow box): ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

13. How did Darwin’s experience with artificial selection influence his theories of evolution? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

14. For each of the following, indicate how it is used as evidence of evolution by natural selection:

a. paleontology: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b. biogeography: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

c. resistance to insecticides: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

d. drug resistance: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

e. homology: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

f. homologous structures: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

g. vestigial organs: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

h. embryology: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

i. biochemical similarity: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

15. Use the space below to provide a summary of the SEVEN key points of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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