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Concepts & TermsANTH 300 History of Anthropological ThoughtFall 2010—1st half of the semesterPre-Anthropological Views of the OtherScientific racismPolygenism & monogenismExtinction discoursesSocial Darwinism ?Social Evolutionism & the Beginnings of Anthropology: The “Proto-Anthropologists” Focus on: Morgan Focus on: TylorSocial evolutionismUnilineal trajectorySalvage anthropology (AKA urgent anthropology)Unity of mankind & uniformitarianismClassificatory vs. descriptive kinship systemsIdealist vs. materialistComparative method ?Foundations: Social Scientific Thinking Before/Outside the Discipline Focus on: Marx Focus on: Durkheim Focus on: WeberInfrastructure vs. superstructuresynchronic vs. diachronicSocial integrationmechanichal solidarity vs. organic solidaritycollective conscience“society”/social structure vs. agency1st Founding Father: Cultural Particularlism (Early American School) Focus on: BoasDiffusionismCultural relativismHistorical particularismCultural constructionism (also known as cultural determinism)Nomothetic vs. IdeographicEmic vs. EticHolistic Critique of raceDepraved savageNoble savageBiological determinismSocial conservative vs. social activist4-Fields approachDeductive vs. inductive methodDescriptive method2nd Founding Father (French School) Focus on: MaussGift exchangePotlatchAgonistic exchange3rd Founding Father: Bio-Psychological Functionalism (British School) Focus on: MalinowskiBio-psychological functionalism or theory of needTheory of magicKula ringparticipant-observation4th Founding Father: Structural-Functionalism (British School) Focus on: Radcliffe-BrownStructural functionalismOrganic analogyJoking relationship with mother’s brotherSocial structureSociety versus cultureThe Early American School, Continued: School of Culture and Pesonality Focus on: Benedict Focus on: Kroeber ConfigurationalismDionysian vs. Appolonian cultures School of culture and personalitypsychological anthropologyEssentialismThe Early American School, Continued: School of Culture and Personality Focus on: MeadLiberal bias in anthropologyAnti-modernism/romanticismThe British School, Structural-Functionalism, Continued Focus on: Evans-PritchardTheory of accountabilityFunction versus meaningNeo-Evolutionism and Cultural Ecology Focus on: White Focus on: StewardCultural ecologyMultilineal evolutionNeo-evolutionismCultural coreFrench Structuralism Focus on: Leví-StraussStructuralism (AKA structural anthropology)Symbolic approach to cultureAvunculateBinary oppositionsSymbolic Anthropology Focus on: TurnerSymbolic anthropologySocial dramaLiminalityCommunitasProcessual approachProperties of ritual symbols:Condensation/polysemy/multivocalityPolarization of meaningInterpretive Anthropology Focus on: GeertzInterpretive anthropologyCulture as textThick descriptionAnti-functionalistMarxist Approaches: Cultural Materialism Focus on: HarrisCultural materialismreductionismInfrastructure/infrastructural determinismMode of productionMode of reproductionSuperstructureNeo-functionalistMarxist Approaches: Political Economy Focus on: WolfPolitical economyDependency theoryWorld systems theoryPeasant studiesClosed corporate communityOpen communityTributary mode of productionKin-ordered mode of productionPower and agencyCritique of cultureFeminist Anthropology Focus on: LeacockPrimitive communismAutonomyPublic vs. private spheresUniversal female subordinationPractice Theory Focus on: OrtnerPracticeSchemasAssymetrical relationshipsInterest theory/Pragmatic rationalityReproduction of the systemStructural constraintsEveryday lifeUnintended consequences of actionEthnicity Focus on: BarthEthnicity.PrimordialInstrumentalSubjectivistObjectivistAscribed statusAchieved statusPost-Modernism Focus on: CliffordExtreme relativismNihilismEthnographic authorityIndigenous ethnographerGrand narrativesPartialMonologic vs. polyvocal or polyphonicRepresentationOtherize/exoticizeOrientalismEssentializePost-colonial critiqueVisualism vs. dialogicreflexive turnVoice of GodEthics & Activism Focus on: Scheper-HughesMilitant anthropologySelective infant neglectPre-culturalPower: Hegemony & Ideology Focus on: The ComaroffsHegemonyIdeologyGlobalization Focus on: AppaduraiImaginaireHomogenizationHeterogenizationEthnoscapesMediascapesTechnoscapesFinancescapesIdeoscapesdeterritorialization ................
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