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AP ChemistrySierra Vista High School Science DepartmentCourse InformationInstructor: Mrs. Self saself205@ DESCRIPTIONThe AP Chemistry course is designed to be the equivalent of the general chemistry course usually taken during the first college year. For some students, this course enables them to undertake, in their first year, second-year work in the chemistry sequence at their institution or to register in courses in other fields where general chemistry is a prerequisite. For other students, the AP Chemistry course fulfills the laboratory science requirement and frees time for other courses.This course is designed to prepare students for the AP Chemistry exam. The course is a rigorous math-based course, with a strong laboratory component. It is intended for students who have demonstrated a willingness to commit considerable time to studying and completing assignments outside of class. This course will develop the student’s ability to incorporate mathematical skills in the solution of chemistry problems, both through the use of textbook problems and laboratory experiences. Significant emphasis will be placed on developing the student’s ability to solve problems through dimensional analysis and estimation. Students will be required to do extensive writing, and to keep a thorough and accurate ongoing laboratory notebook. The course provides opportunities for students to develop, record, and maintain evidence of their verbal, written, and graphic communication skills through laboratory reports, summaries of literature or scientific investigations, and oral, written, and graphic presentations. Students will be given the opportunity to connect their knowledge of chemistry and science to major societal or technological components (e.g., concerns, technological advances, innovations) to help them become scientifically literate citizens.The course is structured around six big ideas articulated in the AP Chemistry curriculum framework provided by the College Board. A special emphasis will be placed on the seven science practices, which capture important aspects of the work that scientists engage in, with learning the objectives that combine content with inquiry and reasoning skills.Big Idea 1:The Structure of MatterBig Idea 2:Properties of Matter-Characteristics, States and Forces of AttractionBig Idea 3:Chemical ReactionsBig Idea 4:Rates of Chemical ReactionsBig Idea 5:ThermodynamicsBig Idea 6:EquilibriumINSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALSZumdahl, Steven and Susan Zumdahl. Chemistry, Seventh Edition. Houghton-Mifflin Publishing Co., 2007.The College Board. AP Chemistry Guided Inquiry Experiments: Applying Science Practices. 2013.Vonderbrink, Sally. Laboratory Experiments for AP Chemistry. Batavia: Flinn Scientific, 2006.Randall, Jack. Advanced Chemistry with Vernier. Oregon: Vernier Software and Technology, 2007.Moog, Richard S. and John J. Farrell. Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry, Fifth Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011.Trout, Laura, Editor-in-Chief. POGIL Activities for High School Chemistry. Flinn Scientific, Inc., 2012.Required Materials:Standard laboratory notebookScientific or graphing calculatornotebook /binder to organize notes and handoutsCOURSE OUTLINEUnit 1The Structure of Matter1 weekChapters 1-2 (Big Idea 1 & 2)Uncertainty and MeasurementsDimensional analysis, uncertainty, and significant figuresAtoms, Molecules and IonsReview of formula writing, oxidation states, nomenclature, separation techniques, and much moreLabs:Guided Inquiry: Unique Properties to Purify a Mixture: An Experiment Applying Green Chemistry to PurificationUnit 2Stoichiometry and Reactions in Solution5 weeksChapters 3-4 (Big Idea 3)Mole, atomic weight, molecular formula, balancing equations, limiters, empirical formulas, percent composition, percent yield, net ionic equations and solution stoichiometryLabs: Formula of a CompoundPercent Water in a HydrateGuided Inquiry: Can the Individual Components of Quick Ache Relief Be Used to Resolve Consumer Complaints?Mass and Mole Relationship in a Chemical ReactionGuided Inquiry: What Makes Hard Water Hard?Guided Inquiry: How Can We Determine the Actual Percent of H2O2 in a Drugstore Bottle of Hydrogen PeroxideGuided Inquiry: How Much Acid is in Fruit Juices and Soft Drinks?Activity:Acid/Base Discovery Guided Inquiry: Students will run Phet simulations to discover the basic concepts of an acid/base reaction.Unit 3 Chemical Energy & Thermochemistry 3 weeksChapters 6 & 8-Bonding: General Concepts (Big Idea 1,2 &5)Enthalpy, thermochemical equations, heat of formation, bond energies, heats of reaction, and moreLabs: Enthalpy Changes Associated with a ReactionGuided Inquiry: The Hand Warmer Design Challenge: Where Does the Heat Come From?Unit 4 Atomic Structure and Periodicity1 weekChapter 7 (Big Idea 1 &2)Atomic spectra, Bohr atom, quantum numbers, atomic orbitals, electron configurations, periodic table, in terms of physical and chemical propertiesLabs: Guided Inquiry: What is the Relationship Between the Concentration of a Solution and the Amount of Transmitted Light Through the Solution?Guided Inquiry: How Can Color Be Used to Determine the Mass Percent of Copper in Brass?Activity: Periodic Table Dry Lab: Students will predict information about the missing elements based the information given about the elements.Unit 5 Chemical Bonding3-4 weeksChapters 8-9 (Big Idea 1 & 2)Lewis structures, ionic and covalent bonds, character of bonds, octet rule and exceptions, resonance, VESPR model and hybridization, introduction to organic chem., hydrocarbons functional groups, structure, nomenclature, and chemical propertiesLabs: Guided Inquiry: What’s in that Bottle?Determination of Electrochemical SeriesActivity:Atomic Theory Dry Lab: Students will make drawing s of a series of molecules, use molecular model kits, and from those drawings and models predict geometry, hybridization, and polarity.Unit 6 States of Matter & Interparticle Forces3-4 weeksChapters 5 & 10-11 (Big Idea 1 & 2)Ideal gas law, van der Waal’s equation, Avagadro’s Law, STP, Grahm’s Law kinetic theory of gases, and much more, dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonding, London forces, liquid state, types of solids, metallic bonding, network solids, vapor pressure, change of state, phase diagram, and specific heat, electrolytes and nonelectrolytes, molarity, mole fractionLabs: Determination of a Molar Volume of Volatile GasDetermination of Molar Mass by Freezing Point DepressionSeparation ChromatographyGuided Inquiry: How Do You Separate Molecules That Are Attracted To One Another?Unit 7 Rates of Chemical Reactions2-3 weeksChapter 12 (Big Idea 4)Reaction kinetics, rate law expressions, order of reactions, rate constant, half-life, activation energy, catalysts, and reaction mechanismLabs: Kinetics of a ReactionThe Rate and Order of a Chemical ReactionGuided Inquiry: How Long Will That Marble Statue Last?Guided Inquiry: What is the Rate Law of the Fading Crystal Violet Using Beer’s LawActivity:Phet simulation Reaction Kinetics: Students will describe on a microscopic level, what contributes to a successful reaction. Students will describe how the reaction coordinate can be used to predict whether a reaction will proceed including how the potential energy of the system changes. They will use the potential energy diagram to determine:The activation energy for the forward and reverse reactions, The difference in energy between reactants and products. The relative potential energies of the molecules at different positions on a reaction coordinate.Students will draw a potential energy diagram from the energies of reactants and products and activation energy.Unit 8 Equilibrium 6 weeksChapters 13-15 (Big Idea 6)Law of mass reaction, equilibrium expressions calculations of K and equilibrium concentrations, Le Ch?telier’s Principle, and how equilibrium is shifted by temperature, concentration, pH, Ka and Kb expressions, titration, degree of ionization, Kw expressions, indicators equivalence point,Arrhenius, Br?nsted-Lowry theories and salt hydrolysis Labs: The Determination of an Equilibrium Constant Determination of Ka of Weak Acids Determination of the Solubility Product of an Ionic CompoundGuided Inquiry: Can We Make the Colors of a Rainbow? An Application of Le Ch?telier’s PrincipleGuided Inquiry: How Do the Structure and the Initial Concentration of an Acid and a Base Influence the pH of the Resultant Solution During a TitrationGuided Inquiry: What Extent Do Common Household Products Have Buffering Activity?Guided Inquiry: The Preparation and Testing of an Effective Buffer: How Do Components Influence a Buffer’s pH and Capacity?Activity: Guided Inquiry Group Activity: In small groups students will systematically work through the critical thinking questions by examining models and data tables that provide information to determine the reaction quotient and the solubility product.Unit 9Entropy and Free Energy1-2 weeksChapter 16 (Big Idea 5)Gibbs free energy equation, laws of thermodynamics, enthalpy, entropy, free energy, energy and work, exo/endothermic reactions, and state functionsActivity: Guided Inquiry Group Activity: In small groups students will systematically work through the critical thinking questions by examining models and data tables that provide information to determine the magnitude of the equilibrium constant and the relationship between ?G? and K.Unit 10 Electrochemistry2 weeksChapter 17 (Big Idea 3)Oxidation and reduction half-cells and equations, electrochemical cells, standard voltages, standard voltages from table, Nerst equation, Faraday’s laws, writing redox reactions and overall reaction and justify each stepLabs:Electrochemistry: Voltaic CellsElectroplatingAP Exam Review3-4 weeksNet ionic equations, solving equilibrium problems, reviewing release questions LaboratoryThe AP Chemistry Exam includes some questions based on experiences and skills students acquired in the laboratory: making observations of chemical reactions and substances (quantitative and qualitative); recording data; calculating and interpreting results based on the quantitative data obtained; and communicating effectively the results of experimental work. Students are provided the opportunity to engage in investigative laboratory work integrated throughout the course for a minimum of 25 percent of instructional time.The laboratory investigations used throughout the course allow students to apply the seven science practices defined in the AP Chemistry Curriculum Framework. At minimum, six of the required 16 labs are conducted in a guided-inquiry format. Meaningful laboratory work is important in fulfilling the requirements of a college-level course of a laboratory science and in preparing a student for sophomore-level chemistry course in college. Because chemistry professors at some institutions ask to see a record of the laboratory work done by an AP student before making a decision about granting credit, placement, or both, in the chemistry program, students need to keep reports of their laboratory work that can be readily reviewed. In this class this will take the form of a permanent, bound laboratory notebook that will be turned in each time that a lab write-up is due. Inquiry is emphasized in many of the experiments that the students will complete this year. The laboratory work requires students to design, carry out, and analyze data using guided inquiry principles. Because all laboratory experiments are minimum of one double period per week or its equivalent is spent engaged in laboratory work, students will be required to come in before or after school once a week to compete the labs. For the guided- inquiry labs will require two days of work or two double lab periods. I will give the laboratory guidelines and rubric handout when we begin the first lab. Guidelines for Writing AP Chemistry Laboratory ReportsYour reports will be organized and written in the form of a classic scientific paper consisting of the following sections in the following order. When submitting typed (word-processor) reports, the text must be in 12 point black font. You must use a SIMPLE font, such as Arial, Calibri, or Times New Roman. Do not use decorative fonts. All the data and calculations will be done in a composition book and turned in the day a lab is due. Your typed report will need to be submitted to . All prelab questions and data will be recorded in a lab book and turned in with the typed report.Class ID 15327114Enrollment Password apchemTitle Page with Abstract ProcedureResults, including Data and Calculations/Graphs Each section should be labeled with the heading placed in the left hand margin (except for the title). 1. Title Page: Be descriptive and don’t worry if the title seems a little lengthy. One word titles, often appropriate for essays, are seldom adequate for lab reports. Place the title at the top middle of the first page. The title page should also include your full name and the full names of those in your lab group, and the date of the lab. Below ExpectationsMeets Expectations“Salt Solution Density Lab”“Determination of the Relationship Between the Density and Concentration of Sodium Chloride Solutions”2. Abstract: The abstract must be double-spaced. There are five essential components to an abstract: Background – Define important concepts, theories or laws being examined. Statement of purpose – What were you attempting to do in this lab? Summary of Procedure – What methods did you use to complete this investigation? This should be a summary, not a detailed procedure like the one you completed earlier. Summary of Results – What happened? Summarize observations and results of calculations and graphs. Significance of Findings – What important concepts or theories are reinforced by your results? What experimental errors or limitations might have negatively influenced your results? The abstract is written in narrative form. It is NOT a list. Do not use fragmented or partial sentences. Write complete thoughts, as if you are having a conversation with the reader. Remember that the abstract goes on the title page! Procedure: You should summarize the procedure in point form creating a step by step description in your own words of what you did in the lab. It should begin on the SECOND page of your lab report.Below ExpectationsMeets Expectations“Measure out 10.00 mL of the 5% NaCl solution using a pipet and a graduated cylinder, being careful not to lose any solution. Place the graduated cylinder on an analytical balance and determine its mass to three decimal places. Record the mass in the lab book.”“Using an analytical balance, determine the masses of 10.00 mL samples of each of the solutions of known concentration.”Results: Results include both data gathered during the lab, observations made, and calculations or graphs completed using the lab data. You should present data in a table. Tables must include the units for the dimensions being measured. Below ExpectationsMeets Expectations5% solution = 10.012 g 10% solution = 10.180 g 15% solution = 10.230Concentration (%)Mass (g)510.0121010.1801510.230All graphs must have the axes labeled with the dimensions being represented, and an appropriate scale chosen for both axes. You should do graphs using Excel or a similar spreadsheet program, which is then included in the appropriate section of the lab report. Calculations should include the fundamental calculation used to solve, as well as the correct units and significant figures.Below ExpectationsMeets ExpectationsDensity = 10.012 g/10.00 mL = 1.0012 g/mL(significant figures error)Density = 10.012/10.00 = 1.001 g/mL(labels not present in calculation Density = 10.012 g/10.00 mL = 1.0012 g/mL(significant figures error)Density = 10.012/10.00 = 1.001 g/mL(labels not present in calculationDensity = m/V (fundamental equation shown)Density = 10.012 g/10.00 mL = 1.001 g/mL(labels present throughout calculation, significantfigures rules observed)GradingEach lab report is 40 points. Lab reports which the student has plagiarized from an outside source or from fellow students automatically earn ZERO POINTS for plagiarized section(s)! Students are expected to work in groups in the lab, but do their own thinking and writing on their lab reports! Do not present the argument, “But we worked on it together”, if confronted with cheating. The instructor with not make the distinction regarding who did the original writing and who did the copying. In instances of copying, all students involved lose credit. DO NOT ALLOW OTHER STUDENTS TO COPY YOUR WORK.Students who frequently lose points for problems with calculations, sentence structure, punctuation, or spelling are encouraged to have reports proofread by the instructor prior to submitting the lab report for a grade. Your instructor reserves the right to have you re-write your lab report to correct obvious deficiencies prior to grading the report. TESTS AND EVALUATIONSGradesGrades are based on weighted categories and accumulated during the semester. Test and quizzes are 70%, lab is 25%, and homework is 5% of the total grade. The scale that will be used to determine the semester letter grade is as follows: 85% = A, 75% = B, 65% = C, 55% =D.Lectures, Exams, QuizzesLecture notes are extremely important since they outline the specific material that will be on your next exam. Lectures will include a variety of audiovisual material including, PowerPoint presentations, and films. The students are responsible for obtaining lecture notes missed due to an absence. Lecture exams are given roughly every couple of weeks and could consist of multiple choice and free response. Quizzes are short tests that are announced and unannounced. Quizzes are usually from lecture notes and required readings. Test and quizzes will be timed, since it is important to prepare students to work within the time restriction of the actual AP examination. It is my practice to give the test in the same format as the AP exam, with a multiple choice section comprising about 50% of the available points, and a “free response” section comprising about 50% of the available points. Since this a college level course, there are no retakes of tests or quizzes. Make-up ExamsStudents who only miss the day before an exam must take the exam upon the day they return—so be prepared! If you miss the day of an exam, quiz, or lab you will have 2 days to make it up so please make arrangements.Final ExamsA comprehensive final exam will be given at the end of each semester. You will need to use you lecture notes to properly prepare for these exams—so keep them organized. HomeworkHomework will be given on a regular basis but will be collected as a group assignment covering a selected topic. Homework missed due to and absence can be made up. An assignment calendar will be posted so that the students can keep track of missed assignments and their due dates. Late work is not accepted.CLASSROOM CITIZENSHIPIt is one of the school’s professional duties to assist parents in helping students develop responsible attitudes and behavior. This means preparing students for adult citizenship as well as preparing them for jobs and higher education. Citizenship Guidelines for Students and ParentsThe following criteria shall be used in determining a student’s citizenship mark in his/her class.Respectful to peers, adults, and propertyComes to class prepared to learn everyday Does his/her own work when independent work is required; do not cheat.Does not disrupt classNO FOOD OR DRINKS IN THE CLASSROOM INCLUDING WATER. Consequences for poor choices1.? Warning?????? 2.?? Final warning and parent contact 3. Detention and parent contact?????? 4.?? Parent conference5. ReferralCLASSROOM POLICIESAttendance PolicyAttendance is the key to your success in this class. This course moves at a very fast pace, and a lot of material can be missed in just a few days. If you know you are going to be absent, please see me the day before you go to go over the material you will be missing. This will make life easier on you. You are expected to be on time for class. You must be in your seat when the tardy bell rings! The first tardy is a warning, and the second is a one hour detention. For every day you are absent you will have two days to turn in any homework missed. If a student is on campus and leaves, it is his/hers responsibility to turn in any work due that day, pick up any work missed, and take any test or quiz.PlagiarismCheating in any form will not be tolerated. Please do your own work. The student handbook for Academic Dishonesty will be followed. Respect Classroom MaterialsThere are many unique and expensive items use in labs. Please be careful and considerate when handling these items. They are here for you to enjoy and learn from, not to destroy.-------------------------------------------------------------------CUT--------------------------------------------------------------------------What you put into class, you will get out of this class. Good Luck!I have read the above and fully understand what is expected of me in this class.____________________________ ____________________________________________________Student Signature Print NameDatePeriodPlease take the time to read the above information with your child. I have read the above and fully understand what is expected of my child in this class.________________________________________________________________Parent/Guardian Date ................
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