MEDICATIONS - American Diabetes Association

MEDICATIONS

MEDICATIONS

DRUG CLASS

HOW IT PRIMARILY WORKS

Staying up to date with the latest blood glucose¨Clowering medications is

an important part of diabetes management. Check out our comprehensive

chart to understand how your meds work, and keep the list handy for times

when your health care provider suggests changes to your treatment plan.

GENERIC NAME

BRAND NAME

COST*

TYPE 2 ORAL MEDICATIONS

Biguanides

(generic available)

Sulfonylureas

(generic available)

Lowers the amount of

glucose produced by

the liver

Metformin

Glucophage

Metformin

extended release

Glucophage XR,

Glumetza, Fortamet

Helps beta cells in the

pancreas release

more insulin

Glimepiride

Amaryl

Glipizide

Glucotrol

Glipizide extended release

Glucotrol XL

Nateglinide

Starlix

Repaglinide

Prandin

MEDICATIONS CONSUMER GUIDE 2019

Meglitinides

(generic available)

Low

Low

Moderate

TZDs

(generic available)

Helps insulin work better

in muscle and fat cells.

Lowers glucose production

in the liver.

Pioglitazone

Actos

Low

Alpha-glucosidase

inhibitors

(generic available)

Blocks the enzymes that

break down starches in

the intestines

Acarbose

Precose

Moderate

Miglitol

Glyset

DPP-4 inhibitors

(generic available)

Slows the inactivation

of GLP-1, a compound

in the body that lowers

blood glucose levels

Alogliptin

Nesina

Linagliptin

Tradjenta

Saxagliptin

Onglyza

Sitagliptin

Januvia

Sitagliptin and metformin

Janumet

Sitagliptin and metformin

extended release

Janumet XR

High

Bile acid sequestrants

(generic available)

Lowers LDL cholesterol

and blood glucose levels

Colesevelam

Welchol

High

Dopamine-2 agonists

(no generic available)

Helps lower blood glucose

levels after a meal

Bromocriptine

quick release

Cycloset

High

More >

Diabetes Forecast

DRUG CLASS

SGLT¨C2 inhibitors

(no generic available)

HOW IT PRIMARILY WORKS

Blocks glucose from being

reabsorbed by the kidneys.

Excess glucose is released

in the urine.

GENERIC NAME

BRAND NAME

Canagliflozin

Invokana

Dapagliflozin

Farxiga

Empagliflozin

Jardiance

Ertugliflozin

Steglatro

Ertugliflozin and sitagliptin

Steglujan

Ertugliflozin and metformin

Segluromet

COST*

High

TYPE 2 INJECTED MEDICATIONS

Amylin

(no generic available)

Slows food moving through

the stomach. Also prescribed

for type 1 diabetes.

Pramlintide acetate

Symlin

High

GLP¨C1 receptor

agonists

(no generic available)

Helps release insulin when

blood glucose rises at

mealtime, slow the absorption

of mealtime glucose, and

lower the amount of glucose

produced by the liver

Dulaglutide

Trulicity

High

Exenatide~

Byetta

Exenatide extended release~

Bydureon, Bydureon BCise

Liraglutide~

Victoza

Lixisenatide~

Adlyxin

Semaglutide

Ozempic

Insulin glargine/

lixisenatide~

Soliqua 100/33

Insulin degludec/

liraglutide^

Xultophy 100/3.6

Insulin + GLP-1

receptor agonists

(no generic available)

Combines long-acting insulin

with a GLP-1 receptor agonist.

The insulin helps glucose enter

the cells to be used as fuel.

The GLP-1 receptor agonist

helps release insulin when

blood glucose is high and

lower the amount of glucose

produced by the liver.

High

KEY:

*Cost is based on the lowest-priced drug in its class. Low-cost drugs are less than $1 per day. Medium-cost drugs are between $1 and $2

per day. High-cost drugs are more than $2 per day. There is much variation in cost, even within drug classes.

^This drug is not recommended for use in conjunction with additional basal insulin therapy.

~This drug is not recommended for use in conjunction with mealtime (bolus) insulin therapy.

Side Effects: Each medication has its own side effects; read labels carefully to be sure you know what they are. The sulfonylureas

chlorpropamide (Diabinese), glyburide (Glynase and Diabeta), and tolazamide, and the TZD rosiglitazone (Avandia), are available but

rarely prescribed.

Heart Benefits: Medications in the SGLT-2 inhibitor or GLP-1 receptor agonist class may offer heart benefits for people with

cardiovascular disease. Talk to your doctor about your options and whether switching to one of these drugs may help you.

Oral Combination Therapy: Because the drugs listed in this chart act in different ways to lower blood glucose levels, providers will often

prescribe multiple drugs. A doctor might prescribe both a biguanide and a sulfonylurea, for instance. Several of the more popular

combinations of oral drugs are available in a single pill.

d i a b e t e s f o r e c a s t .o r g

MEDICATIONS

GENERIC NAME

BRAND NAME

MANUFACTURER

FORM

DELIVERY

ONSET

PEAK

DURATION

RAPID-ACTING INSULIN

Insulin aspart

Fiasp

Novo Nordisk

Analog

Syringe or pen

2.5 min.

50 to

70 min.

About

5 hours

Insulin aspart

NovoLog

Novo Nordisk

Analog

Syringe, pen,

or pump

10 to

20 min.

40 to

50 min.

3 to 5 hours

Insulin glulisine

Apidra

Sanofi

Analog

Syringe, pen,

or pump

10 to

20 min.

30 to

90 min.

2 to 4 hours

Insulin human

(inhaled powder)

Afrezza

MannKind

Human

Inhaler with 4-,

8-, and 12-unit

cartridges

12 min.

35 to

55 min.

1.5 to

4.5 hours

Insulin lispro

(also available

in U-200*)

Humalog

Eli Lilly

Analog

Syringe, pen,

or pump

10 to

20 min.

30 to

90 min.

3 to 5 hours

Insulin lispro

Admelog

Sanofi

Analog

Syringe, pen,

or pump

15 to

30 min.

2 hours

Up to 7 hours

SHORT-ACTING INSULIN

Regular

Humulin R*

Eli Lilly

Human

Syringe

30 min.

2 to 4 hours

5 to 8 hours

Regular

Novolin R,

ReliOn Novolin R

(Walmart)

Novo Nordisk

Human

Syringe

30 min.

1 to 3 hours

Up to

8 hours

INTERMEDIATE-ACTING INSULIN

NPH

Humulin N

Eli Lilly

Human

Syringe or pen

1 to 3

hours

4 to

12 hours

Up to

24 hours

NPH

Novolin N,

ReliOn Novolin N

(Walmart)

Novo Nordisk

Human

Syringe

1 to 2

hours

4 to

12 hours

Up to

24 hours

Insulin detemir

Levemir

Novo Nordisk

Analog

Syringe or pen

1.6 hours

No peak

Up to 24

hours

Insulin glargine

Lantus

Sanofi

Analog

Syringe or pen

1 hour

No peak

24 hours

Insulin glargine

Basaglar

Eli Lilly

Analog

Pen

1 hour

No peak

24 hours

MEDICATIONS CONSUMER GUIDE 2019

LONG-ACTING INSULIN

More >

Diabetes Forecast

GENERIC NAME

BRAND NAME

MANUFACTURER

FORM

DELIVERY

ONSET

PEAK

DURATION

ULTRA-LONG-ACTING INSULIN

Insulin degludec

(also available in

U-200*)

Tresiba

Novo Nordisk

Analog

Pen

1 hour

No peak

At least

42 hours

Insulin glargine

(U-300*)

Toujeo

Sanofi

Analog

Pen

6 hours

No peak

36 hours

50% lispro

protamine (NPL)/

50% insulin lispro

Humalog

Mix 50/50

Eli Lilly

Analog

Syringe or pen

10 to

15 min.

Varies

16 to

22 hours

75% lispro

protamine (NPL)/

25% insulin lispro

Humalog

Mix 75/25

Eli Lilly

Analog

Syringe or pen

10 to

15 min.

Varies

16 to

22 hours

70% aspart

protamine/30%

insulin aspart

NovoLog

Mix 70/30*

Novo Nordisk

Analog

Syringe or pen

10 to

20 min.

2 to 4

hours

Up to

24 hours

70% NPH/

30% Regular

Humulin

70/30

Eli Lilly

Human

Syringe or pen

30 to

60 min.

Varies

12 to

16 hours

70% NPH/

30% Regular

Novolin

70/30*, ReliOn

Novolin 70/30

(Walmart)

Novo Nordisk

Human

Syringe

30 min.

3 to 6

hours

Up to

24 hours

Eli Lilly

Human

Syringe or pen

30 min.

4 to 8 hours

Up to

24 hours

INSULIN MIXTURES

LESS COMMONLY USED INSULIN

Regular U-500

Humulin R

U-500*

Eric Hinders/Mittera

*Note the difference between Humulin R and Humulin R U-500.

Note the difference between NovoLog Mix 70/30

(70% aspart protamine/30% insulin aspart) and

Novolin 70/30 (70% NPH/30% Regular). U-100, U-200,

U-300, and U-500 are different concentrations of insulin.

d i a b e t e s f o r e c a s t .o r g

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